Impact of Police Establishment on Contemporary Policing

Running head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Impact of police establishment on contemporary policing
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1CRIMINAL JUSTICE
The law enforcement authority in England has been established in eighteenth century
to protect the civilians from being victimised, protect their properties and prevent crime by
identifying the criminals. It has been observed that the establishment of the police authorities
in the continents of England and Wales have created essential impacts on the contemporary
police. The first professional police force of England was City of Glasgow Police (Barrie,
2016). However, there were two basic posts authorised under the police service such as
watchmen and constables. The concept of professional policing has been coined by Sir
Robert Peel who was the Home Secretary for the year 1822. Metropolitan Police Act 1829
was enacted by him where he had developed certain ethical consideration for the police force.
He had enumerated nine principles that are regarded as important factors and outlined the
framework of the contemporary policing services. He had, for the first time considered the
police authorities as subsidiary to the armed forces and pointed out the primary function of
the police force. A police official must protect the civilians and their property and must work
for the public interest. Police authorities are considered as the basic medium of the law
enforcement and it is their duty to co-operate with the public and should demonstrate
impartial service to law (Delsol, 2015). The Peelian principles had identified the importance
of physical force by the police officers in case of maintaining peace in the society and
imposed certain authorities on the police service for judging the guilt and punishing the
wrongdoer. The power of the police authorities in case of cognizable as well as non-
cognizable offence has been decided at the early stage and these principles had widen the
area of police authorities and also divided the powers of the police authorities as per the
different territorial jurisdiction (Pepper & Wolf, 2015). The powers of the modern constable
have been pointed out by the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 and they got a
power to arrest the convict in the provisions of Scotland and Northern Ireland. However, the
power of the constable has been enlarged by the Policing and Crime Act 2017 and it is