Policy Evaluation in Public Health

This article discusses the importance of policy evaluation in public health, analysis of policies, governance issues, and impact of political, social, and economic factors on public health policies in the UK and globally. It covers the mental health policy cycle, key health policies in the UK, and evaluation of health promotion, public health, or public policy intervention. The article concludes with recommendations for involving healthcare professionals in policy implementation and planning for future health interventions.

Policy evaluation in public health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................1
Analysis of the policy......................................................................................................................2
Appraise the issue of governance in the public health area........................................................2
Analyse the emergence of key health policies in UK.................................................................3
Evaluating impact of political, social and economical influence on public health policy within
United Kingdom and globally.....................................................................................................4
Evaluating health promotion, public health or public policy intervention..................................5
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The motivation of policy is the agreement of rules, priorities, objectives for the
improvement of the organization, and motivation to the community individual and the entire
organization. Mental health Policy covers all the information regarding the health issues
implementation of policies, term and conditions of pre and post hospitalization expenses and
health insurance. The main objective of health policy is to prevent from disease, the good
conditions for the entire population and the well-being possible for every individual at any age
group. Policies focus on providing excellent quality health services to individuals and promoting
health care services. The traditional methodology is for public health is by developing draft
policies, identification of issues, framing solutions and implementing at local and regional level
(Thompson et. al., (2021)). In this topic we study the mental health policy, policy process, policy
cycle and analysis of the health policies in UK.
MAIN BODY
Background
Mental health policy is an official statement or health authority guideline for public
health services, prevention, promotion, rehabilitation, treatment and implementation of decision
achieve the vital outcomes. Policies are adopted by the governing body of the organization and it
is a statement of intent and is enacted by the government on mental health issue. Mental health is
a problem-solving process that is balanced and decisions are made in sequence with the
identification of issue and ending with the solution of the problems. The mental health Policy
cycle is a set in which issues are developed from initial, implementation of policies and framing
of new agendas on health services (Newlove-Delgado et. al., (2021)). Mental health Policy cycle
has mainly five phases policy formulation, decision making, implementation, adaptation and
evaluation. Policy analysis is the process of identifying multiple approaches to public health
policies explain the interaction between organizations. Mental health Policy evaluation is to
ensure that policies are actually improving the outcomes, implementation of the policy and utility
of the policies among the peoples.
Public mental health plays a vital role in promoting the healthy lifestyle as well as to
detect and prevent from mental illness. It is protective against social equality, mental illness and
unhealthy lifestyle. Mental health problems with mental disorder such as anxiety, depression and
1

there are approx. 500,000 people in England with more severe condition. People with a physical
health problem may increase the risk factor of mental illness. There are many evidence-based
approaches to promoting mental wellbeing and preventing from a mental disorder. To promote
mental health, public health services find a way to improve access to mental health services,
support recovery, lower the rate of death and also increases awareness of mental health issue so
that people can get treatment easily. Identifying the risk factors for mental illness such as chronic
health condition, and trauma. Public health professionals develop programme that contributes to
poor health and focus on interventions of mental health. Promoting good mental health will
effect on physical health and other suicidal prevention. Poor mental health effect social and
economic cost in England (White et. al., (2021)).
Healthy public policy is the building blocks of the healthy communities approach It
improves population health and quality of life, housing, livelihood, social health services and
living condition (childcare, education and transportation).
Report on the impact of the pandemic on mental health– In 2020 government published
mental health services polices these articles explains that the pandemic has affected people
mental health and physical health. it measures to prevent the spread of virus.UK study exploring
how the pandemic is affecting mental health and many people died because of mental health
condition. Almost one third of young people reported their mental health.
Analysis of the policy
Appraise the issue of governance in the public health area
The concept of governance in mental health includes attention and standard of quality on
patient mental health. Researchers analyzed the role of governance in public health policies like
the implementation of policies and promotion an equitable health system. There is a high impact
of the policy which can lead to create high impact over time and allow to provide better impact
on the delivery of better mental health to large population. It has evolved over time where it lead
to crate high impact on delivery of better and more effective response towards the delivery of
better impact on a large population (Zaninotto et. al., (2022)). It has evolved the way it is needed
to that allow to provide better impact on the delivery of high impact on large population. Policy
has the aim to improve people mental health and reduce the impact of getting high impact on the
2

large population. It has the aim to provide better impact on ensuring about taking care of better
role to ensure about better and high impact to reducing the high prevalence of mental illness.
The mental health objective is to improve the health condition and provides a better
quality of life to the patient. Vision of mental health policy is to promote mental health, prevent
mental disorders, provide affordable quality of life to patient, raise awareness of mental health
among the people, provide education about mental disorders, started counseling regarding the
mental retardation to patient and their families by which they can prevent them from mental
disorder and also learn about the medicine and therapy for recovering fast. The government has
launched mental health program for the availability of minimum healthcare and to increase the
recovery rate of mental illness and every individual get equal opportunity of treatment. There are
many interventions of mental health that can help to cope up with trauma, depression, anxiety
and stress such as prescribed medicines like antidepressants– celexa lexapro and therapies such
as group, talking and behavioral therapies, nutritional diet, regular exercise, surround yourself
with positive environment, meditation and relaxation to body and mind, communicate with
people, make positive thoughts and avoid consumption of drugs alcohols and tobacco (Cresswell
et. al., (2021)).
Analyse the emergence of key health policies in UK
Mental health is regulated in the UK by the mental health act 1983 and implemented by
mental health act 2007.The number of patients is increasing by mental disorder lack of services
at that time so many people died due to unavailability of the health services. Surveys had found
that mental health problem increases since 2000, then public health services started to spread
awareness among the people, prevention and a better quality of life to patient. Mental health
includes our social well-being and emotional and physical health. Mental health is one of the
main cause of all diseases because it includes anxiety, depression, trauma and other physical
disabilities. During covid-19 the pandemic people may experience anxiety, depression, fear and
stress, tiredness, low energy, problems sleeping, inability to cope up with problems, and trouble
in understanding and concentrating (Bell et. al., (2019)). Some benefits of the mental health
policies are- it can reduce the risk of mental disorder, provides a better understanding of mental
illness that can help people to avoid the risk factor, gives confidence to people who are suffering
from mental illness, detect the early sign and symptoms of mental illness, provide emotional
support, helping to connect with other people, creating positive feeling. In UK mental health has
3

been transformed over last years, increasing the care community and proving the best therapies
and medication support to patient like- psychodynamic therapy, group therapy, and patient
counseling and these changes impact on patient mental health care because mental health
treatment can also improve chronic stress. The government provided the hospital facilities,
diagnosis and counseling ward for adults and children for better treatment. Since 2007, in UK
when programme began, public result improved towards mental health (Brooker et. al., (2018)).
Evaluating impact of political, social and economical influence on public health policy within
United Kingdom and globally
Formative evaluation- This is the evaluation that can be effective and can help to
improve the program which has been implemented. This can allow identifying the purpose of the
program that are highly associated with improving mental health to the large population within
United Kingdom. In this, there is need to evaluate the purpose that can help to reduce the mental
illness in large population and help to improve the program that can allow to implement it more
effectively to get higher positive outcomes (Forrester et. al., (2018)).
Impact evaluation- This is the type of evaluation that can be effective and allow to
identify the immediate short-term effects of the program which has been implemented to reduce
the mental illness within the large population. Through evaluation, it has been identified that
mental health programs can have high impact on the population and allow to implement it more
effectively. This can help to create awareness about the mental health issues in the large
population and take care of their mental health. Through evaluation, it can help to measure the
achievement a program objective that has been made to reduce the increasing cases of mental
illness within the large population in the United Kingdom.
Outcome evaluation- This is the one that is effective and allowed to evaluate the
measurement of long-term effects of the mental health program (McDaid et. al., (2021)). This
can also help to evaluate whether the program has achieved their goals or not. This can help to
identify the long-term effect of the program which has the purpose to create awareness within
long large population and taking care of their mental health concern.
Process evaluation- By evaluating the process, it can be allowed to identify the
implementation of planned program. It can also enable to evaluate the participant satisfaction
level and include the performance of the intervention component along with quality assurance
regarding the implementation of the mental health program. Through the evaluation process, it
4

can also allow measuring the extent of the program which can be effective and can influence to
take participation within the program and large population that can have better positive outcome
regarding effectiveness of the program (Alderwick et. al., (2018)).
Summative evaluation- This is the evaluation in which it has been identifying about the
outcome of the mental health program. It also includes the valuation of whether the program has
provided a positive impact on the large population or not. It also help to identify about the
effectiveness of the program on the large population within United Kingdom.
Transfer evaluation- It refers to the accessibility of replicability of project mechanism
and processes and outcome (Alyami et. al., (2021)). This can be effective and can help to
evaluate whether such type of process and mechanism can be utilized within the different
settings. This can have also a positive impact and create a large number of awareness for
achieving such type of same effect. Applying the transfer evaluation, it can also allow identifying
whether such type of mechanism or process can also have a positive impact and such type of
effect on the large population in UK or not.
Evaluating health promotion, public health or public policy intervention
There is an existing evaluation of the effective evaluation of the policy which has a high
impact on the large population. It also includes process and impact along with the outcome of the
policy which have high benefit to the large population and allowed to reduce the number of cases
of mental illness within UK (Kane et. al., (2018)). This policy has been evaluated and has been
identified that there are various key findings. There is decreasing in the number of cases of
mental illness after the implementation of the policy which signifies that the effectiveness of the
policy has been reached to the large population and creates a positive impact along with better
outcomes. It has the key finding that large populations are getting better mental health and
reduced anxiety which has improved the quality of living for the large population within UK.
There was a different reason for the success of the policy because a large number of the
population were facing mental health issue and needed for getting knowledge about mental
illness. Implementing the policy, it creates a better awareness within the large population about
mental illness which enables them to get attract towards focusing on mental health. It allows to
get attract to mental health policy and created positive outcome that has provided success to the
policy (Mansfield et. al., (2018)).
5

There is policy analysis research that includes that, this policy should also be improved
with time so that it should not create any gap within the large population regarding the new cases
of mental illness. Improving the policy, it can also cover the various new gap which can be
created due to changes in society and time and different risk that can lead to creating mental
illness with the large population. There is a need for time to time amendments in the policy that
can be effective and can take care about the mental illness more effectively. Here, researchers
needs to collect the data about the mental illness and the reason that can allow improving the
policy more effectively for a better effective positive outcome (Maldonado et. al., (2022)).
Recommendation
There is need to involve healthcare professionals within the policy that can be highly
effective that can help to work in partnership with a population and healthcare professionals.
This can also have a positive impact of the policy on the larger population. This can also involve
proper partnership and planning for future health intervention. It can lead to creating a large
number of awareness within the large population of the United Kingdom (Ford et. al., (2020)).
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it can be conclude that mental health policy are highly effective
and can create better positive impact on the large population to reduce the number of cases of
mental illness with in United Kingdom. There is high importance of mental health policy that can
help to improve the public health and provide better positive impact on the large population.
There is also discussion about the evaluation of the policy along with analysis. This can also
include evaluating impact of social, political and economic influence on the public health policy.
There is also discussion about evaluation of health promotion, public health policy and
intervention.
6

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alderwick, H. A., Gottlieb, L. M., Fichtenberg, C. M., & Adler, N. E. (2018). Social prescribing
in the US and England: emerging interventions to address patients’ social
needs. American journal of preventive medicine, 54(5), 715-718.
Alyami, M., Henning, M., Krägeloh, C. U., & Alyami, H. (2021). Psychometric evaluation of the
Arabic version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International journal of mental health
and addiction, 19(6), 2219-2232.
Bell, S. L., Audrey, S., Gunnell, D., Cooper, A., & Campbell, R. (2019). The relationship
between physical activity, mental wellbeing and symptoms of mental health disorder in
adolescents: a cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical
Activity, 16(1), 1-12.
Brooker, C., Tocque, K., & Paul, S. (2018). Assessment of the mental health status of a one year
cohort attending a two Sexual Assault Referral Centres in England. Journal of forensic
and legal medicine, 54, 44-49.
Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A., Franklin, B. D., Krasuska, M., Hinder, S., Lane, W., ... & Williams, R.
(2021). Interorganizational Knowledge Sharing to Establish Digital Health Learning
Ecosystems: Qualitative Evaluation of a National Digital Health Transformation
Program in England. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(8), e23372.
Ford, T., Vizard, T., Sadler, K., McManus, S., Goodman, A., Merad, S., ... & MHCYP
Collaboration. (2020). Data resource profile: Mental health of children and young people
(MHCYP) surveys. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 363-364g.
Forrester, A., Till, A., Simpson, A., & Shaw, J. (2018). Mental illness and the provision of
mental health services in prisons. British Medical Bulletin, 127(1).
Kane, E., Evans, E., & Shokraneh, F. (2018). Effectiveness of current policing‐related mental
health interventions: A systematic review. Criminal behaviour and mental health, 28(2),
108-119.
Maldonado, B. N., Armitage, A. J., & Williams, B. (2022). Variation in initial health assessment
of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children: a cross-sectional survey across
England. BMJ paediatrics open, 6(1).
Mansfield, L., Kay, T., Meads, C., Grigsby-Duffy, L., Lane, J., John, A., ... & Victor, C. (2018).
Sport and dance interventions for healthy young people (15–24 years) to promote
subjective well-being: a systematic review. BMJ open, 8(7), e020959.
McDaid, D., & Park, A. L. (2021). Modelling the economic impact of reducing loneliness in
community dwelling older people in england. International journal of environmental
research and public health, 18(4), 1426.
Newlove-Delgado, T., McManus, S., Sadler, K., Thandi, S., Vizard, T., Cartwright, C., & Ford,
T. (2021). Child mental health in England before and during the COVID-19
lockdown. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(5), 353-354.
Thompson, I., Tawell, A., & Daniels, H. (2021). Conflicts in professional concern and the
exclusion of pupils with SEMH in England. Emotional and Behavioural
Difficulties, 26(1), 31-45.
White, E., & Winstanley, J. (2021). Clinical supervision provided to mental health nurses in
England. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 10(2), 1-11.
7

Zaninotto, P., Iob, E., Demakakos, P., & Steptoe, A. (2022). Immediate and longer-term changes
in the mental health and well-being of older adults in England during the COVID-19
pandemic. JAMA psychiatry, 79(2), 151-159.
8