Political Science Question Answer 2022
Added on 2022-10-19
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Political Science
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Running head: POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political Science
Name of Student:
Name of University:
Author Note:
Political Science
Name of Student:
Name of University:
Author Note:
1POLITICAL SCIENCE
Why are Plato called an idealist and Aristotle a realist? Explain. Why did
Aristotle support slavery and unequal rights for women?
Idealism is defined as that branch of philosophy which is where something mental (be
it the mind, spirit, reason or will) is either determined to be the source of reality or even
something that exists beyond what is deemed as reality1. In this regard, Plato is considered to
be an idealist because he divided reality into two forms: the experiential world (empirical
reality) is deemed as unreal and as a mere appearance, while the ultimate reality is constituted
by the abstract essence of things2. For example, all the individual chairs in this universe are
unreal, only the essence of a chair is real and permanent. On the other hand, Aristotle is
called a realist because according to him reality is the result of direct perceptions through our
sense organs3. This means that reality is everything what we perceive it to be.
On the question of slavery, Aristotle justifies it through by stating that a slave is
psychologically and intellectually inferior when compared to those who are deemed free4,
essentially terming slaves as being only able to comprehend and express themselves via
phonos (sound) while those who were free being able to comprehend and express themselves
through logos (words and human language); thereby postulating that since slaves are only
capable of producing phonos, it is justified for those who are able to express themselves using
logos to carry out the enslavement of the contemporary slave population. On the question on
meting out unequal treatment to women, Aristotle states that women have the power of the
logos when compared to the slave but they do not possess the authority to wield it as he
viewed women to be “incomplete” versions of men5. The implications of this is clear: women
1Guyer, Paul, and Rolf-Peter Horstmann. "Idealism." (2015).
2Nellickappilly, Sreekumar. 2019. Aspects of Western Philosophy. Ebook. Chennai. Accessed July 22.
3Westphal, Kenneth R., ed. Realism, science, and pragmatism. Routledge, 2014.
4Pellegrin, Pierre. "Natural slavery." The Cambridge companion to Aristotle’s politics (2013): 92-116.
5Fortenbaugh, William W. "Aristotle on Women: Politics i 13.1260 a13." Ancient Philosophy 35, no. 2 (2015):
395-404.
Why are Plato called an idealist and Aristotle a realist? Explain. Why did
Aristotle support slavery and unequal rights for women?
Idealism is defined as that branch of philosophy which is where something mental (be
it the mind, spirit, reason or will) is either determined to be the source of reality or even
something that exists beyond what is deemed as reality1. In this regard, Plato is considered to
be an idealist because he divided reality into two forms: the experiential world (empirical
reality) is deemed as unreal and as a mere appearance, while the ultimate reality is constituted
by the abstract essence of things2. For example, all the individual chairs in this universe are
unreal, only the essence of a chair is real and permanent. On the other hand, Aristotle is
called a realist because according to him reality is the result of direct perceptions through our
sense organs3. This means that reality is everything what we perceive it to be.
On the question of slavery, Aristotle justifies it through by stating that a slave is
psychologically and intellectually inferior when compared to those who are deemed free4,
essentially terming slaves as being only able to comprehend and express themselves via
phonos (sound) while those who were free being able to comprehend and express themselves
through logos (words and human language); thereby postulating that since slaves are only
capable of producing phonos, it is justified for those who are able to express themselves using
logos to carry out the enslavement of the contemporary slave population. On the question on
meting out unequal treatment to women, Aristotle states that women have the power of the
logos when compared to the slave but they do not possess the authority to wield it as he
viewed women to be “incomplete” versions of men5. The implications of this is clear: women
1Guyer, Paul, and Rolf-Peter Horstmann. "Idealism." (2015).
2Nellickappilly, Sreekumar. 2019. Aspects of Western Philosophy. Ebook. Chennai. Accessed July 22.
3Westphal, Kenneth R., ed. Realism, science, and pragmatism. Routledge, 2014.
4Pellegrin, Pierre. "Natural slavery." The Cambridge companion to Aristotle’s politics (2013): 92-116.
5Fortenbaugh, William W. "Aristotle on Women: Politics i 13.1260 a13." Ancient Philosophy 35, no. 2 (2015):
395-404.
2POLITICAL SCIENCE
ought not to be in any position of power that could change the dynamics of power relations
that granted men the ability to be in command, by virtue of being completely rational and
wielding authority.
Compare and contrast between the federal and unitary systems of
government. How is a federation different from a confederation?
A federal system of government is a system where individual states come together
and combine to form a larger, sovereign state where authority and powers are divided
between the federal government and constituent states. The federal government oversees
matters who jurisdiction encompasses a national significance, while the state governments
have authority over issues that come under their regional or territorial jurisdiction. Usually,
there are distinct areas where the federal and constituent state governments could legislate
and neither could infringe upon the other’s legislative authority, save for in the case of a
national emergency where the federal government may assume paramount power; Canada
being a prime example of federalism6. On the other hand, a unitary government system is a
system where the central government devolves power to local governments in the form of
autonomy; the amount of autonomy granted to a local government can vary between one
unitary state and another. A typical example would be the wide-ranging autonomy that is
granted to Alend Islands by the Finnish central government7, where the Islands enjoy an
autonomous existence from the rest of the Finnish mainland.
Contrastingly, as opposed to the federal system where well-defined and established
sovereign or semi-sovereign states merge together to form a larger, sovereign entity with
devolution of powers between the governments of the nation and of the constituent states, a
6Hueglin, Thomas O., and Alan Fenna. Comparative federalism: A systematic inquiry. University of Toronto
Press, 2015.
7 Hörnström, Lisa. "Strong regions within the unitary state: the Nordic experience of regionalization." Regional
& Federal Studies 23, no. 4 (2013): 427-443.
ought not to be in any position of power that could change the dynamics of power relations
that granted men the ability to be in command, by virtue of being completely rational and
wielding authority.
Compare and contrast between the federal and unitary systems of
government. How is a federation different from a confederation?
A federal system of government is a system where individual states come together
and combine to form a larger, sovereign state where authority and powers are divided
between the federal government and constituent states. The federal government oversees
matters who jurisdiction encompasses a national significance, while the state governments
have authority over issues that come under their regional or territorial jurisdiction. Usually,
there are distinct areas where the federal and constituent state governments could legislate
and neither could infringe upon the other’s legislative authority, save for in the case of a
national emergency where the federal government may assume paramount power; Canada
being a prime example of federalism6. On the other hand, a unitary government system is a
system where the central government devolves power to local governments in the form of
autonomy; the amount of autonomy granted to a local government can vary between one
unitary state and another. A typical example would be the wide-ranging autonomy that is
granted to Alend Islands by the Finnish central government7, where the Islands enjoy an
autonomous existence from the rest of the Finnish mainland.
Contrastingly, as opposed to the federal system where well-defined and established
sovereign or semi-sovereign states merge together to form a larger, sovereign entity with
devolution of powers between the governments of the nation and of the constituent states, a
6Hueglin, Thomas O., and Alan Fenna. Comparative federalism: A systematic inquiry. University of Toronto
Press, 2015.
7 Hörnström, Lisa. "Strong regions within the unitary state: the Nordic experience of regionalization." Regional
& Federal Studies 23, no. 4 (2013): 427-443.
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