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[PDF] Assignments on Research Methods

   

Added on  2021-01-01

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Research Methods

INTRODUCTIONResearch methods are techniques used by researcher in order to attain the aim andobjectives of study. It is considered as the framework of research study which helps researcher inaccomplishing goals of study. In this context, the following report will aid in providingcomprehensive understanding about qualitative and quantitative research methods. The mainarguments in favour of different research approaches will be ascertained in the research study.The evaluation of approach which could be used to create knowledge that would be useful in thefield of counselling and psychology practice will be made in this study. Eventually, the researchmethods used for collection of data will be identified in the study.ASSIGNMENT 1 Broad theoretical approach to research which draws on quantitative research methodsQuantitative research methods refer to the methods which are used by researcher in orderto gather, analyse and interprets numerical data associated with study (Taylor, Bogdan andDeVault, 2015). The quantitative research design are either descriptive or experimental.Descriptive study constructed only accumulation between variables and experimental studyestablishes casualty. Numbers, logics and objectives are mostly considered by the quantitativeresearch study; it focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed convergent, reasoningrather than divergent reasoning. In this context, the broad theoretical approach to study whichdraws on quantitative research methods are described below:Positivism Research PhilosophyPositivism research philosophy adheres to factual knowledge and information which aregathered through observations. Quantitative research methods are preferred by positivists whichincludes social surveys, gathering official statistics, structured questionnaires, etc. as these areconsidered to be efficiently reliable and representatives (Mackey and Gass, 2015). Positivistsperceived society as redesigning the individual and believes that social facts shape individualactions. The tradition of positivist concentrates more on the signifying in conducting quantitativeresearch such as large scale survey so that the overview of society can be gathered and socialtrends such as relationship between two or more elements of research can be uncover. Positivismexplains human behaviour by looking for social facts which are external to the individual.Positivists are interested in finding paradigm between variables. 1

Post positivism research approach for quantitative researchPost positivism is fundamentally an abstract theory which are based on the philosophy ofknowledge. The implications of post positivism is based on the incompetency to assert, withcertainty, that ones' conclusions are true (Lewis, 2015). Thus, all results are potentially prone toerror and can never be proven in any final sense. In post positivism, reality is real and truth isuniversal. One cannot directly access it either. Researcher can only perceive pieces of reality.Researcher can approximate reality and truth. The knowledge of researcher is obtained throughdirect observation and measurement (which may be direct or indirect) of phenomenon. Explaining main arguments in favour of this approachQuantitative research is conducted by researcher where he or she has to analyse thenumerical, logical and statistical data associated with the research study. Quantitative research isconsidered to be optimum method for carrying out numerical and statistical research studyeffectively and efficiently (Flick, 2015). As compared to qualitative research study, quantitativeresearch study more focuses on factual data and its analysis collected through researchinstruments like structured questionnaires, observations, surveys, etc. Quantitative researchexplores the relationship between variables. For instance, a researcher desires to identify thenexus between income and whether or not families have health insurance. This is a question thatasks “how many” and seeks to confirm a hypothesis. The methods utilised in quantitative research study are highly structured and consistentduring the process of collection of data and most likely using questionnaire with close endedquestions. The results will provide numerical data that can be analysed statistically as theresearcher looks for a correlation between income and health insurance. Quantitativemethodology would best apply to this research problem (Silverman, 2016). A quantitativeapproach allows the researcher to examine the relationship between the two variables of incomeand health insurance. The problem in the research is investigated by forming hypothesis and dataanalysed deductively in order to attain definite results and outcomes that supports the hypothesis.Quantitative research study is utilised by the researchers in order to enhance the comprehensiveunderstanding of the subject matter effectively. In order to attain the aim and objectives of thenumerical research study, quantitative research study is considered to be appropriate and precisewhich helps in underpinning the aim and objectives of the research and researcher will be able toprove the hypothesis of the study. Each step in the quantitative analysis is standardised to2

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