Managing under uncertainty

Power is the cornerstone of both management practice and management theory in the organization. The contemporary view of power in the organization is that is the capability to utilize information, resources, and energy in an effective manner. In a broad construction of the ethical role of the manager, leading and maintaining can be stated as a difficult task due to the reason that each managerial decision impacts either people or the natural environment in some way. It is stated that power brings a special need for ethics due to the circumstance of power, which make it easy for misuse to happen. In spite of the formal system intended to control the utilization of power and organizational members exercise political power to impact their peers, superiors, subordinates, & others. The main objective of the annotated bibliography is to present an overview of ethics and power relevance to judge managerial decision making. The following three annotated bibliographies offer several realistic studies in support of the statement.

Running Head: Power 0
Managing under uncertainty

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Annotated Bibliography-Ethics Versus Power and Politics in managerial decision-making
Introduction
Power is the cornerstone of both management practice and management theory in the
organization. The contemporary view of power in the organization is that is the capability to
utilize information, resources, and energy in an effective manner. In a broad construction of
the ethical role of the manager, leading and maintaining can be stated as a difficult task due to
the reason that each managerial decision impacts either people or the natural environment in
some way. It is stated that power brings a special need for ethics due to the circumstance of
power, which make it easy for misuse to happen. In spite of the formal system intended to
control the utilization of power and organizational members exercise political power to
impact their peers, superiors, subordinates, & others. The main objective of the annotated
bibliography is to present an overview of ethics and power relevance to judge managerial
decision making. The following three annotated bibliographies offer several realistic studies
in support of the statement.
Dey & Steyaert (2016) stated that ethics has a doubtful career in the domain of
entrepreneurship. It is stated that organizational politics assist in maintaining a dynamic
workplace, which is fuelled by internal politics. Omisore & Nweke (2014) stated that
organizations are organized bodies of the framework, which is dominated by political
interactions. Politics in enterprise incorporate the strategic utilization of power to obtain
control of symbolic assets. Cavanagh, Moberg & Velasquez (1981) stated that power is
considered to exist when there is conflict over means and seek to protect their interests and
encompasses conceptualizations.
Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2016). Rethinking the space of ethics in social entrepreneurship:
Power, subjectivity, and practices of freedom. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 627-641
This article recognizes subjectivity, power, and practices of freedom for
understanding the ethics of social entrepreneurship. It is quite evident that social enterprise
involves government policies that demand that they should act more like prototypical
entrepreneurs. They are conceiving these acts of resistance by maintaining a sceptical attitude
towards determining entrepreneurship and ethics. The social entrepreneur actively generates
conditions of freedom for themselves as well as for others without creating a true self beyond
power. The reluctance to organizational politics with ethical consideration sharpens with the

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framework on social entrepreneurship. To move beyond idealized conceptions of social
entrepreneurship, the organizations need to prevent the difficult ways to re-conceptualize the
ethics effectively.
Dey & Steyaert (2016) stated the criteria to be considered in generating managerial
decisions i.e. individual rights, distributive justice, and utilitarian outcomes. When possible
behaviour cannot pass the three criteria test, it might still be ethical if it clears the criterion of
overwhelming factors. The factors involve an inability to involve the three criteria, nature of
the situation, and conflicts within the criteria. It is stated that power is utilized to identify that
there are multiple interests in virtually every firm. They need to identify the tactics and
strategies through which organizational power is used and develop. Organizations need to
offer a power base for individuals and generate a political structure, which offers potential
opportunities to make careers commonly at high professional and managerial levels. It is
stated that a sense of distrust occurs when managers’ support to make decisions based upon
rationality terms.
REFERENCE Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2016). Rethinking the space of ethics in social
entrepreneurship: Power, subjectivity, and practices of
freedom. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 627-641
AIM/PURPOSE The main purpose of the article is to describe the significance of ethics
in social entrepreneurship.
ARTICLE TYPE
Research
METHOD
The sample consists of 12 organizations in which 30 respondents were
selected extended from project administrators, head of the project,
directors, office administrators, assistants, volunteers, and founders.

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(research papers
only) The data collection method is used as a semi-structured interview
identified in the respective enterprise. The data analysis is determined
as content analysis and sampling method intended to maximize the
heterogeneity of perspective.
FINDINGS
(research only)
The research stated that the pursuit of self-interest and individual
agendas in an enterprise without respect to their impact on the
organization’s efforts to attain its objectives.
SIGNIFICANCE The research stated that ethics plays an important part in the
organization, which determines a variety of actions related to the
utilization of strategies to enhance organizational or personal interests.
These acts of resistance to social entrepreneur practice ethics by
generating an attitude towards attaining goals.
STRENGTHS The author stated that conceptualization has determined ethics rather
being a property of the individual; it assists social entrepreneurs to
develop subjectivity and power within the organization.
WEAKNESSES The author has not given equal attention to managerialism and
entrepreneurship, which might empower individuals to mobilize
hidden possibilities.

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Omisore, B.O., & Nweke, A.N. (2014). The Influence of Power and Politics in
Organizations. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social
Sciences, 4(7), 222-699
According to this article, the author believes that organizations are composed up of
material & human resources, which make decisions depending upon the choices. The human
resources convert the material resource of the enterprise into finished products. Omisore &
Nweke (2014) stated that power and politics has a major influence on organization success
and profitability. The CEO of the company utilizes three sources of power i.e. forced from
the capability to fire personnel, the capability to provide perquisites and raises, and legitimate
from the position they hold. Power has a cultural dimension, which develops a formal
relationship among the followers and leaders who has the most power in the dynamic
environment.
It is stated that significant decisions involving managerial decisions on raises and
hiring are produced by the individual in-charge and decisions are dependent upon trust and
loyalty despite formal mechanism. There are some differences in opinions, which become
significant in global ventures so that individuals of diverse countries cooperate. It is quite
evident that company structures are more hierarchical and higher-level managers make
managerial decisions, as lower-level managers could not produce decisions on behalf of the
management. It is stated that the colleagues and friends can easily abuse the power
particularly in the case of a CEO who is pleased by a board of directors that is probably
trusted. The power & politics initiated to emerge in order to experience large-scale
unemployment and the main interference is the influence, which became a major instrument
of control.
REFERENCE
Omisore, B.O., & Nweke, A.N. (2014). The Influence of Power and
Politics in Organizations. International Journal Of Academic
Research In Business And Social Sciences, 4(7), 222-699
AIM/PURPOSE The main objective of the article is to utilize power resulted in

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attainment of desired goals and objectives.
ARTICLE TYPE
Conceptual
APPROACH
(non-research
papers)
This article stated that there is a major impact of the power and
politics in the organization. The influence of power and politics in the
organization depicts a political analysis of intraorganizational
associations.
CONCLUSION
(non-research only)
The conclusion stated that it is a matter of imperative that each
enterprise is aware of the power & politics and its negative influence
on the organization. It is stated that communication and bargaining
have been suggested as a significant tool to decreased unhealthy
organizational power & politics.
SIGNIFICANCE The research showed that power & politics have not been in good
interest depending upon their application. It is quite evident that the
major cornerstone of each leadership is influence and power.
STRENGTHS The research stated that organizational politics generate very
ambivalent reactions as individuals look at the complete procedure
both positively as well as negatively based upon the particular
perspective in mind.
WEAKNESSES The research stated that interest groups, coalitions, and work groups,
as analysts believed that people become politics in groups capable of

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affecting organizational structure.
CAVANAGH, G.F., MOBERG, D.J., & VELASQUEZ, M. (1981). The Ethics of
Organizational Politics. Academy Of Management Review, 6(3), 363-374
This article specifically concentrates upon ethics of organizational politics, which is
an indispensable and ubiquitous reality in the organizational life. This perspective has made
some authors to develop political and non-political uses of power. It is stated that when
people and group choose to move outside their formal authority, they developed policies as
well as procedures in their utilization of power. However, it is stated that current treatments
of organizational policies determine the ethical concerns or deliver simplistic ethical
consideration. It is significant to identify the politics need not be generated through common
parlance in a pejorative sense. The survival of the enterprise might be subjected to the
profitability of a group in turning a traditional but out old-fashioned formal organizational
policy.
Cavanagh, Moberg & Velasquez (1981) stated that a host of political actions is
necessary for organizational survival. It is stated that there is a clear need for a normative
theory of organizational politics that resolves ethical concerns positively of the exercise of
discretion. It majorly focuses on government regulations, day-to-day managerial decisions,
and human resource procedures issues produced in the enterprise. This article talks about
political strategies, leadership theories, design & execute control framework, lateral relations,
and conflict resolution strategies. It is stated that the form of these theoretical concepts
resulted in generates managerial & ethical decisions effectively. This illustration determines
theoretical debate over ethics with respect to the desirability of outcomes, behaviour, values
of the activities, proper guidance, and outcomes attained.
REFERENCE
CAVANAGH, G.F., MOBERG, D.J., & VELASQUEZ, M. (1981).
The Ethics of Organizational Politics. Academy Of Management
Review, 6(3), 363-374

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AIM/PURPOSE The main aim is to maintain a framework for assessing the ethical
consideration of specific utilization of power within the enterprise.
ARTICLE TYPE
Conceptual
APPROACH
(non-research
papers)
This article stated that the normative model of ethical analysis has
been developed, which can be applied to the utilization of power and
politics in the organization.
CONCLUSION
(non-research only)
This article concluded that ethical uncertainty surrounds political
behaviour decisions stresses a significant burden on the managerial
decision maker. This perspective intends to determine the political
realities of organizational life.
SIGNIFICANCE This article stated that without ethical paradigms, success could not be
controlled to involve unproductive behaviour. It is stated that
confronting the ethical concerns in organizational politics leads to
attaining responsibility towards political behaviour.
STRENGTHS The research stated that it identifies ethical consideration associated to
decrease the complexity of political power. The model incorporates
ethical theories i.e. the theory of justice, utilitarianism, and theory of
moral rights.
WEAKNESSES The research stated that the organization is not conducting an
intervention for ethical guidance. It is unlikely that such an approach
will empower people to resolve ethical dilemmas. It is stated that a

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managerial decision maker may legitimately fall under ethical
criterion.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is stated that power and politics exist in every enterprise and the
employees need to understand to maintain a healthy relationship in the organization. Many
people think that it is slightly wrong to influence other people and justify the action. Ethics
incorporates standards of conduct for personal gain as the employees in the organization need
to maintain the conflicts within the criteria. Dey & Steyaert (2016) stated that the
organization has to promote their interests and generate productivity, innovation, and
entrepreneurship. Omisore & Nweke (2014) stated that ethics in organizational politics
develop the conduct of social behaviour that is determined appropriately. Cavanagh, Moberg
& Velasquez (1981) stated that the organization has to well-defined rules and strategies for
moral dilemmas.

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References
CAVANAGH, G.F., MOBERG, D.J., & VELASQUEZ, M. (1981). The Ethics of
Organizational Politics. Academy Of Management Review, 6(3), 363-374
Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2016). Rethinking the space of ethics in social entrepreneurship:
Power, subjectivity, and practices of freedom. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4),
627-641
Omisore, B.O., & Nweke, A.N. (2014). The Influence of Power and Politics in
Organizations. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social
Sciences, 4(7), 222-699