Analysis of Power, Politics and Conflict in Organisation
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This report analyzes power, politics, and conflicts in organizations, with a focus on Tesco. It covers the concept of power, politics, and conflicts with relation to theories, roles, and impacts. The report also provides reflection and references.
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Assessment 2 Analysis of power, politics and conflicts in organisation
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 Analyses of power, politics and conflicts in organisation..........................................................1 Power.....................................................................................................................................1 Politics....................................................................................................................................3 Conflicts................................................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 Reflection...................................................................................................................................5 References:.......................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION The term leadership refers to individual ability or group of individuals that influences and guides followers or organisation other members. This acts as motivation in order to achieve common goal. The leaders are required to be strategic and having ability to take complex & consequential decision for managing organisation. With power and authority, the leadership is associated. For the organisational activity the politics, power and conflicts are important pillars. The power in the organisation is ability of influencing events, people and behaviours. The power and politics are close related concepts(Chapdelaine, R.P., 2021). The politics in organisation us also referred as office politics that involves the use of power and social networking within workplace in order to achieve changes that can benefit organisation whereas conflicts define to disagreement and unstable condition among two or more independent parties.Fore the report TescoorganisationisbeentakenwhichisBritishMultinationalgroceriesandgeneral merchandise retailer headquarter in Welwym Garden City, England UK. The report covers the concept of power, politics and conflicts with relation of theories roles and impacts. Further, reflection is also provided. MAIN BODY Analyses of power, politics and conflicts in organisation. Power It is capacity to impose will on others as it can be external or internal. The power in the organisationreferstoanabilityofinfluencingthebehaviourofanotherstakeholderin organisation. This is effective in organisation when tasks are assigned by managers to different employees in order to perform those tasks. In context to Tesco power in organisation is responsible for ensuring commitment and compliance that benefits in avoiding resistance between employees leading to increase in productivity. The conception of power and leadership is closely linked as leaders take use of power for attaining the group goals. The leadership power influences leaders over their followers. In business power is required by manager to make things happen(Jacobs, K., 2021). The power is exerted by leaders in organisational setting for attaining individual, teams and organisational goals. The Machiavelli was an Italian statesman and political philosopher which put the controversial idea that the successful ruler is required to 1
commit some immoral acts such as deception or ruthless killing in order to maintain rule & stability. The prince is considered as modern philosophy. According to French and Ravens forms of power describes the sources of leadership powers which is used for influencing someone that has different impact on relationship and outcomes. Each power has different characteristics, requirements and level of effectiveness with diverse people. The different powers are- ďˇCoercive power- This power is used in several workplace and less effective as it involves forcing someone to do something against their will which is basically achieved by punishing someone for non-compliance. This power can be abused and causes resentment such as losing of jobs. The leaders in organisation demand for constant innovation and new ideas from its employees those are not capable is replace by others. The efforts of employee retention are affected negatively(Johansson, M., 2020). ďˇReward power- This refers to offering benefit for performing well and almost opposite of coercion. The reward helps in influencing the people work which comes in form of raises, benefits, promotions etc. The employees are motivated through reward. The managers in the organisation has power to reward their employees through pay increase, promotions, etc. ďˇLegitimate power- It is related to formal power which is derived from position or set of formal relationships. The authority is provided in organisation by depending on position and subordinates recognises this type of power. It has effective working in hierarchical organisation. This power can be taken away from employees with lose in position. ďˇExpert power- It is derived from individual expertise as their skill level, competence and experience benefits in making them trustworthy and influential to others. If individual is expert in some field, it benefits company by giving credibility, people trust and respect to opinions. The leaders have ability in influencing co-workers at all levels along with leading to growth and development(Menton, M and et.al., 2021). ďˇInformational power- This power help in control the flow of information which is used for getting things done. This is derived from having access to confidential information that other do not have. In organisation it can be used for supporting decision. ďˇReferent power- The leader has great influence from this power as they got through qualities that inspire trust and respect in their colleagues. This is derived from individual 2
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perceived value, attractiveness. The leaders in organisation have excellent interpersonal skills and offers support by influencing colleagues. Politics The politics in the organisation exits which is unavoidable part as different of people have different mindsets that creates different opinions and conflicts.The concept of organisation politics refers to self-interest and influencing tactics and activities which is undertaken for retaining personal control in workplace. The politics leads to negativity and loss of productivity in workplace. The organisation needs skill for handling conflicting agendas and shifting power bases. In human interaction it is process and behaviour that involve power & authority. This is self-serving behaviour that employee use for increasing the probability of obtaining positive results in company(Schecter, D., 2019). In the organisation positive politics are designed for influencing others with the aim of helpingbothorganisationandindividuals.Thisinvolvesportrayingprofessionalimage, complimenting others. The negative politics is designed for accomplishing personal gain by threatening other and organisation. This includes the example of spreading rumours, talking behind someone back etc. In organisation this is used for mainly achieving power directly or indirectly. Politics in organisation occurs due to several reasons as some individuals do not want to work hard and looks for short cuts and creates the negative image of people. In organisation several changes arise an employeeâs needs to be ready to accept changes & work accordingly but there are some employees who are unable to acknowledge changes leading to politics (Simpson, and Jewitt, 2019). The lack of trust between colleagues is also a reason for politics as some employees don't want colleagues get more attention and acknowledgement for work. The power is applicable in politics as people tries to misuse their power in aim of attaining political goals. There are several sources of politics which involves resource control, Hierarchical authority etc. However, it is critical that businesses create a climate in which politics does not delegate into destructive behaviour. This can be accomplished by implementing essential objectives that establish standards inside the company. Power and organisational politics can have a favourable or unfavourable impact on a company. All decisions made by an organisation must ensure that their code of conduct, code of ethics, and employee morale are not risked. 3
In organisation the organisational politics has important role in providing understanding of informal processes of conflicts and co-operations and its impact on employee performance. The proper functional politics helps in enhancing productivity & profitability of organisation. The politics decreases overall productivity as employees pay less attention to their work and fails in achieving targets within the stipulated time frame. This leads to negative environment in workplace and spoils relationship among individuals. The office politics helps in creating morality among employee with increases delegation of concerned authority and motivating employees to work(Stein, and Harel-Shalev, 2019). Conflicts The organisational conflict is also known as workplace conflict which definers the state of disagreement or misunderstanding resulting from actual or perceived dissent of needs, beliefs, resources between the organisation members. In the workplace conflicts arises when two or more person interact, and their opinions in respect to task or decision are in contradiction. The nature of conflict is can be taken in several forms in organisation which can occur within an employee, between individuals or groups & across companies(Sulistianingsih, and Prabowo, 2019). It can be constructive or destructive. In organisation the conflict occurs in layers in which first is misunderstanding and other is differences of values, interest, and interpersonal differences. The poor management of conflict leads to problem as individuals, groups and organisation have unlimited need and different values but limited resources. There are several factors which influences organisational conflicts such as- ďˇUnclear responsibility- The conflict arises when there is lack of clarity regarding the responsibility for task or project. This situation can be avoided by clearly stating the roles and responsibility to team members. ďˇInterpersonalrelationship- In organisation, every member has different personality that plays an important role in resolving conflicts. This occurs because of interpersonal issues among organisation members(Wang, and Aoki, 2019). ďˇConflict of interest-This arises in organisation when there is disorientation among the personal individual goals and organisation goal as individual may have disputes for his personal goals which may affects overall success of project. 4
The conflict arises when two groups or individual interacts in same situation. The conflict is created when employee is not able to meet the targets which is imposed by superiors and expectations are misunderstood. In work place, disruption in communication is also a prime reason in creating conflicts. As all work relies on communication in order to complete task quickly and successfully. The misunderstanding of information in organisation also alleviates to dispute in business and if one person misinterprets some information also leads to rise of conflicts. The organisation conflict impacts the organisation in both positive and negative way. In the positive way it provides chance for self-determination by analysing situation, creates the challenging spirit among individual, leads to personal growth and change. The negative conflicts in workplace leads to work disruption, decrease productivity, project failures, turnover etc. There is wastage of time & efforts and creates suspicion in mind against individual organisation or management. The conflict can be managed in organisation by taking use of Pondyâs conflict episode process model. This model will help in understanding how conflicts starts which involves five steps that are as follows- ďˇLatent conflict- This is first stage where dispute arise between individuals and groups in organisation as that demand for several resources of department is fulfilled it provides satisfaction and other department to dissatisfaction. Hence this is a situation of conflict exists. ďˇFelt conflict- When desire of one party is frustrated by other party then people perceive as conflicting situation. For example, there is need for extra budget by sales department for promotional activities which is not release by finance department then ultimately leading to conflict. ďˇManifest conflict- In such stage there is only recognition or acknowledgement of conflict but also due to overt or covert behaviour. This is a stage of open dispute where both parties devise their strategies to face each other. ďˇConflict resolution- The conflict is resolved between the two parties. The resolution is the outcome of win-lose or compromising strategy(Wong, and van der Heijden, 2019). ďˇConflict aftermath- The losing party starts preparations which is direct function of results of conflict resolution style adopted & exercised in any given situations. 5
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CONCLUSION From the above it is being concluded that power, politics and conflicts are common in organisation as each conception is important and executed with skill and precision. They can be found in the organisation in a variety of shapes and sizes. If not dealt with properly, their presence in the workplace can have substantial consequences for the working environment and also have a significant influence on the organization's functioning. On the other hand, these concerns may be managed effectively, and this job is frequently delegated to senior-level staff in an organisation. As a result, they have a negative impact not only on organisational activity but also on co-workers. However, it can be used as an instrument to improve employee performance and make the working environment healthier and more competitive by routing them in the appropriate direction, which is toward the organization's efficient performance. The workplace conflict exist between individuals and groups as people work together then there exist cultural differences, style, language differences and many more. The effectiveness in working can be increase by resolving and avoiding them. Reflection From the above module I learned that in any organisation the power, politics and conflicts exits as people work in same organisation by having different viewpoint, opinions, etc. Iconsidered these as three pillars which has important factor in deciding the organisation structure of environment in organisation. I also considered that power, politics and conflicts affects both employee and organisation in both positive and negative way. I learned that power is of several types that influences the individual. The power can be use in positive way that helps in boosting healthy competition and it can be persuasive & inspiring. The misuse of power affects organisation negatively. I learned that power and politics is ability for influencing the actions, beliefs, of individual. The political pyramid offers a power base for individual in organisation. From this module I considered that power and politics are very crucial for the organisational behaviour actions of individuals and groups. I also got to know that power is used by individual for satisfying their common needs in organisation. I learned that conflict influences the work abd dealing with workplace conflict can be rewarding. The conflict in the organisation arises because of several reasons as personality clashes, poor communication, unclear responsibility and many more. From this study of module I learned several skills such as communication skills which is important for me to have effective communication in order to avoid misunderstanding. I learned 6
about the decision making skill through which important decision can be taken so that conflicts, politics can be reduced. The problem solving skill help me in solving complex problems which is faced in business organisation as there are diverse people working with different backgrounds. This study helped me lot in increasing my knowledge, skills and abilities. The power can be use for gaining promotion, to become an effective leader, creating strong work relationships. References: Books and Journals Chapdelaine, R.P., 2021. Regimes of Responsibility in Africa: Genealogies, Rationalities and Conflictsed.byBenjaminRubbersandAlessandroJedlowski.AfricanStudies Review,64(3), pp.E20-E23. Jacobs, K., 2021. Discourse analysis. InMethods in Urban Analysis(pp. 151-172). Springer, Singapore. Johansson, M., 2020. Re-gendering corporate gender equality work: Conflicts in the micro processes of organisational change. Menton, M and et.al., 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified resource conflicts and indigenous resistance in Brazil.World Development,138, p.105222. Schecter,D.,2019.Functionaldifferentiationandmediatedunityinquestion:Looming constitutional conflicts between the de-centralist logic of functional diff erentiation and the bio-political steering of austerity and global governance. InCritical theory and sociological theory(pp. 104-135). Manchester University Press. Simpson, and Jewitt, 2019. The water-energy-food nexus in the anthropocene: moving from ânexus thinkingâto ânexus actionâ.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,40, pp.117-123. Stein,andHarel-Shalev,2019.Affect,InterestandPoliticalEntrepreneursinEthnicand Religious Conflicts. Routledge. Sulistianingsih, and Prabowo, 2019. Cultural Conflicts: How to Overcome Them?.J. Advanced Res. L. & Econ.,10, p.2533. Wang,andAoki,2019.Paradoxbetweenneoliberalurbanredevelopment,heritage conservation, and community needs: Case study of a historic neighbourhood in Tianjin, China.Cities,85, pp.156-169. Wong, and van der Heijden, 2019. Avoidance of conflicts and tradeâoffs: A challenge for the policy integration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Sustainable Development,27(5), pp.838-845. 7