Power Protection System: Principles, Design, and Operation

Running Head: POWER PROTECTION SYSTEM.
Power Protection System
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Running Head: POWER PROTECTION SYSTEM.
Abstract
According to Gers & Holmes (2011), System protection is a division of electric power
engineering that deal with the principles of design and operation of equipment (protective relays)
which sense irregular power system circumstances and initiate counteractive action as swiftly as
possible in order to return the power system to its normal state. The swiftness of response is a
critical component of protective relaying scheme. In protection of power systems, reaction times
of the order of a few milliseconds are often necessary Hasse (2004). Consequently, human
involvement in the protection of a power system operation is not thinkable. The response must be
quick, automatic and ought to cause a least amount of interruption to the power system.
Introduction
According to Sallam & Malik (2011), on day-to-day basis electrical energy usage grows as a
consequence of new users being linked to the system. This consequently infers that new power
stations and transmission lines need to be constructed to cater for the high demand. Consequently,
the error level of the system is heightened by the situation. Power system scrutiny during faulted
situations offers information about relay setting, circuit breaker selection and the strength of the
system operation. Weedy (2012) argues that, during faulted circumstances, it wise to determine the
voltage and current standards in order to install protective devices to reduce the destructive effects
of such stresses on the power system. In addition to, proper management of protective relays and
the right specifications of circuit breaker rating are based on the results of the investigation.
In general, relays do not thwart destruction to equipment; they activate after some
measurable damage has already happened. Relays limit, to a degree possible, more damage to
equipment, to reduce menace to people, to lessen pressure on other equipment, and eliminate the

Running Head: POWER PROTECTION SYSTEM.
censured equipment from the system as swiftly as possible so the reliability and stability of the
other system is upheld Gers & Holmes (2011). There is a control facet essential in relaying
systems which supplements the finding of faults and aids to return the power system to a
conventional configuration immediately so that service to consumers can be reinstated. It is
essential to regularly monitor the power protective system for exact performance and to correct
faults in modelling, application, or sites.
The performance of a power system is studied under what is known as transient stability
analysis when exposed to several disorders such as sudden large, short circuits, switching
operations and load variations Shahidehpour & Alomoush (2017).
Objectives
In this exercise we are required to perform analysis on the effects of various fault location
on the power system in the figure 1 below:
Figure 1