Addressing Health Inequalities

This presentation discusses the issue of health inequalities and how they can be addressed in the health and social care sectors. It covers current public health issues, population data, types of public health interventions, and strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in local communities. The role of statutory bodies in developing health protection strategies and the roles of different healthcare professionals in preventing and controlling the spread of disease are also discussed.

POWERPOINT :PART 1
ADDRESSING HEALTH INEQUALITIES

INTRODUCTION
 Health inequalities may be referred to as differences in status of health or in the
distribution of health determinants within various population groups.
 These health issues must be addressed in an efficient manner as they are unfair and
unjust.
 Hence, in order to tackle health inequalities within health and social care, awareness
should be created among all the staff members within these sectors who have the
potential to impact on health inequalities.

P1 CURRENT PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSUES
Public health issues may be defined as those issues which pose threat for a human health. There
are various public health issues that are currently faced in United Kingdom and these issues are
discussed n detail below:
 Tobacco – tobacco consists of those chemicals which are stimulant drugs and these drugs
result in speeding up the messages between brain and body. There are both long term as well as
short term consequences on the health of people. Most serious long term consequences are
mortality (that is early death of an individual), cancer (especially lung cancer) and pulmonary
(this includes shortness of breath, wheezing and persistent cough). While on the other hand,
short-term consequences include dizziness, narrow arteries, increased blood pressure, stress
and rapid heart beat.

P1\1 CURRENT PUBLIC HEALTH
ISSUES
 Air pollution – air pollution is very harmful for the human health because of the
release of harmful pollutant in the air. Air pollution creates wide range of risks on
human health such as irritation, heart disease, chest pain, breathing difficulties, etc.
 Infection disease – it may be defined as that disease which is cause by the micro-
organisms and are harmful for the human health. They may be caused by biting of an
organism or consumption of contaminated food and this in turn affects the human
health adversely such as it may lead to fever, diarrhoea, coughing and muscle aches.

P2 POPULATION DATA USED TO HIGHLIGHT HEALTH
DETERMINANTS CONTRIBUTING TO CURRENT PUBLIC
HEALTH ISSUE
 Education – Education plays a major role as by the lack of education the poor people faces many problem like
HIV/ AIDS. As they doesn't take precautions and various safety measures. It is important to have basic
knowledge so that to live healthy life.
 Physical environment – the next issue is public health issue as it is important for the individual to get proper
water to drink and also it should be provided with safe and healthy working condition.
 Income and social status – Income and social status pays a major role as lower income people suffer more to
the diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of lower income. Also culture, believe and attitude these all factor
impact on the public health of people living in United Kingdom.
 Genetics- the last factor that contribute to current public health issue is genetics as it is a major heath
determinants causing various health issues. For example if the individual forefather has suffer from the disease
such as HIV / AIDS then there are chances for the individual that he or she may also suffer that disease just
because of genetic problem.

M 1 & D 1 main factors that contribute to public health issues in
own local region
There are many factors that contribute to the health issue of the public in local
region are behavioural, physiological, demographical, environmental and genetic factors
that influence the health issues. Such as tobacco, drinking, being overweight, high blood
pressure, age and gender in Demographic like their occupation and income, that affect
them to be misuses of their income in drinking and smoking. That affect the health issues
of the public.
For example: due to the access using of the tobacco and drinking cancer is
increasing day by day. This health issues in the local people of the region have been
increased. And due to this death ratio is also increasing.

P3 TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS
Public health interventions may be defined as those policies which are formulated with the objective of improving the
mental and physical health on a population level. There are three types of human health interventions which help in
preventing the diseases of individual, community and system. Thus, the types of public health interventions are
discussed in detail below:
 Screening : it may be defined as a practice of testing an individual; if he/she meets a specific criteria of a disorder or
disease. There are various forms of screening which come under public health interventions. Screening is mostly
carried out by healthcare professions at both the levels of population that is national and international level.

P3\1 TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS
 Vaccination : vaccination programs are the most efficient type of public health
intervention and contribute a lot towards improving the health of people in the
community. These programs are usually in the form of recommendations and are run at
both local and national level. At local level these programs may be run by government
health departments and at national level they might be carried out by health care
system.
 Supplementation : another important type of improving the health of public is
supplementation of food or water of nutrients as they contribute a lot in reducing the
deficiency of vitamin in the body as well as it also contribute in curing other diseases.
Supplementation play a very vital role in the health care systems as they are required

P4 TYPES OF HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS IN MEASURING
HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS
 Public health interventions plays a very important role in measuring the improvements
in health at both local and national.
 For example, screening could be used to find the degree to which an individual is
suffering from a particular disease or disorder.
 They are basically carried out at local level such as women's during their pregnancy
undergo constant screening in order to prevent maternal transmission of the disease to
the child at the time of giving birth to the baby.

P4\1TYPES OF HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS IN MEASURING
HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS
 Another example is of vaccination programs, which are conducted to protect an
individual from disease through administration of vaccine. These are carried out at
national level; such as in United Kingdom, NHS not only decide vaccination protocols
but also implement them and based on the economic benefits; improvement in the
health could be measured.
 Even supplementation contribute a lot in preventing a disease and improving
the health of an individual. They help in boosting up the immune system of a person
which in turn helps in measuring the improvement in health such as based on increase
in resistance power of an individual reflect the degree to which there is improvement in
the health. Hence, all the types of public health interventions play a vital role in
improving as well as measuring the health.

M 2 challenges to enabling effective intervention in public health
There are many intervention like vaccination, supplement, in health improvements
of the people. But sometimes it is difficult to take by the people to prevent from the health
issues. Because of their low income, that create problem, people can not afford such
prevention vaccination and also they leave in such areas which have polluted water they
get. They are the challenges that create problem in effective intervention in public health
issues.

P5 STRATEGIES AIMED AT
REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF
DISEASE IN A LOCAL COMMUNITY
There are many strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in a local community
are –
 Vaccinations – the first strategy that is used to reduce the incidence of disease in local
community is to encourage people to take proper vaccination time to time. Also it
important to aware the local community about different type of vaccinations which are
important for the health and also to recommended vaccinations time to time so that
there will be no problem arises as proper vaccination help to reduce the chances of
contracting many disease.
 Campaigning – the second strategy that is used to reduce the incidence of disease in a
local community is to aware the local people. different seminar are held to give
knowledge about the different health services and also give them proper knowledge
about the health care services and also giving them ways to prevent from the various
diseases.

P5\1 STRATEGIES AIMED AT
REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF
DISEASE IN A LOCAL COMMUNITY
 Hand Hygiene – The third strategy which is used to reduce the incidence of disease in
a local community is hand hygiene as it is very simple approach to preventing the
spread of infection and needs to incorporated into culture of the organisation. The third
strategy which is used to reduce the incidence of disease in a local community is hand
hygiene as it is very simple approach to preventing the spread of infection and needs to
incorporated into culture of the organisation. It is very important to wash the hands
properly so that there are very less chances of diseases.
 Use antibiotics sensibly- The forth strategy to reduce the disease is take antibiotic
sensibly as take antibiotics only when prescribe.

P5\2 STRATEGIES AIMED AT
REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF
DISEASE IN A LOCAL COMMUNITY
 It is important to wash the hands after preparing food and also before eating
the food and also after using the toilets.
 Use antibiotics sensibly- The forth strategy to reduce the disease is take
antibiotic sensibly as take antibiotics only when prescribe. And also take it as
directed as it is important to take all prescribe doses of antibiotic so that there
will be less chances to fall ill.
 Don't share personnel items- the last strategy to use to reduce the disease is to
don't share the personal items such as tooth brush , comb , razor blade etc. and
it is also advice not to share the drinking glasses with anyone.

D 2 Critically analyze the effectiveness of different types of public
health interventions
Vaccination and campaigning are the types of the intervention that can be used by the
professional to prevent from the health issues to local people.
Vaccination is good for preventing health issue that can be effective and work
for long time in minimum time. But it is not be taken by each and every people at local
region because of the cost of the vaccination. It may react or harm to the skin if people
do not cure it.
Campaigning is cheap tool or technique to get aware of the people from the
health issues and causes of the health issue. It is very cheap that every one can attend it.
But it may be useless if people do not take it seriously or people are not enough
educated to understand it and repeat their habits that increase the health issues in them.

P6 ROLE OF STATUTORY BODIES IN
DEVELOPING HEALTH PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
 There are several role of statutory bodies in developing health protection strategies are
 The most fundamental role of health care bodies in developing health protection
strategies is to set out in law and formulate various policies and practices.
 Department of health, strategic health authorities are also engaged in developing health
protection strategies at local and national level.
 The first role is to improve the health of the patients suffering from various chronic like
HIV/ AIDS. They all are made strategies to enhance the health condition for clinical
prevention.
 Also the local boards also take the responsibilities for clinical prevention.

P6\1 ROLE OF STATUTORY BODIES IN
DEVELOPING HEALTH PROTECTION
STRATEGIES
 Statutory body revised public health policies and also analysis the performance of
healthcare professionals. Also they provide public with expert advice ,objective on
health matter so that to prevent their health to the large extent.
 Also the next role is to exercise the function in planning and responding to emergencies
that helps to prevent a risk to the public's health.
 The statutory bodies plays an important role in developing health protection strategies
as it always help the public to promote the various services of healthcare so that there
will be less chances of diseases and also it is important monitor the policies daily and
update them as timely basis so that there will be less chances of illness and also aware

P7 COMPARE ROLES OF DIFFERENT
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN
THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE
SPREAD OF DISEASE.
NURSES DIETICIAN PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
These are the person who provide care to the
patient and also provide various necessary things
to the people who are suffering from HIV / AIDS
.
Dietician are the person who prepare diet charts
for the patients in order to keep them healthy as
they are suffering from the diseases such as HIV /
AIDS so that they recover as soon as possible.
Physician assistant basically provide osteopathic
medicine which help the patient to the large
extent .
Nurse provide or deliver safe treatment to HIV /
AIDS patients .
They are generally engage in motivating people
to involve in physical activities. Also they help
the patients by providing diet chart which is full
with healthy food and help the patients in the
positive manner (Gostin and Wiley, 2016).
They are the person who heal the patience to the
large extent as they provide emotional support to
the patients and also try to aware the people and
give knowledge about the disease and also give
them various ways to prevent themselves from
the diseases so that they live healthy life.

P8 WAYS THAT HEALTHCARE
PROFESSIONALS PROMOTE
INFECTION CONTROL
Healthcare professional uses various ways in order to promote infection control related to
HIV/AIDS these ways include-
Environment Hygiene
 Environment hygiene is one of the most common sources transmission of infection is
environment surfaces. Healthcare professional suggest local communities
of United Kingdom to keep the environment neat and clean so that
there will be less chances of diseases. By maintaining proper hygienic
it will help the chances of infections. Also using to wash the hand
regularly and also before eating the food and after using wash room it

P8\1 WAYS THAT HEALTHCARE
PROFESSIONALS PROMOTE
INFECTION CONTROL
 Antibiotic stewardship – It is important to take antibiotic in the right and proper
manner as prescribe by the doctor. Overuse and misuse of antibiotic can cause or put
patients at a risk of infection. It is important to follow the instruction properly so that
there will be no negative impact of antibiotics. By analyzing the sign and symptoms
properly which are related to HIV then the meditation are given to users.
 Surveillance – By the help of surveillance , it helps the organization by gathering data
regarding infection patterns at their facility. It helps to provide correct treatment to the
patients and also provide various facilities to the patients. This measures helps the
health care professional to promote infection control

M 4 challenges for healthcare professionals in preventing the
spread of disease
Health care professionals promote various ways to prevent from the health care issues in order to remove or
decrease the health issues from the local people. Environment Hygiene, Antibiotic stewardship and
Surveillance are the ways that help to prevent and decrease the health issues from the people.
But sometimes it is difficult for the professionals to promote that government not support them to
conduct camp and give permission, people' education level like people attend the health care camp but they
do not get the massage because of the lack of education level.

D 3 Reflect upon own role in promoting the prevention and spread of
disease in the local community
To prevent the health issues I use hand hygiene, if I was outside the home I use
sanitiser to prevent from the germs that spread disease. Also avoid drinking and use of
tobacco and also try to make aware others to do not use these that are the biggest cause
of cancer.

CONCLUSION
 From the above report it has concluded the current public health issues relevant to own
nation.
 Also it has using the examples of population data which is used to highlight health
determinants contributing to current public health issues.
 Further it has concluded different types of intervention used to address public health
issues and also different types of health intervention lead to measurable health
improvements on a local and national level.
 As it has also describe the strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in a
local community.

References
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 Gostin, L. O. and Wiley, L. F., 2016. Public health law: power, duty, restraint. Univ of
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