Mitigating Intervention for Sea Transportation System in Timor-Leste

This presentation discusses the strategies for mitigating the impact of greenhouse gas emissions from sea transportation in Timor-Leste, including environmental, economical, and social strategies.

MITIGATING INTERVENTION

Abstract
Sea transportation system of Timor-Leste is providing huge
contribution into green house emission. These gasses are affecting
environment at great extend. From 1998 to 2015, 14% of total
pollution is created by the transportation system. The process
become faster between 2009 to 2012. In this present report it has
been analysed there are various strategies are introduced to
minimise the impact. These factors consists of environmental,
economical and social strategies. These steps are considered for
reducing the emission of CO2, for this various alternatives are also
introduced like renewable energy transportation system. Under
environmental strategies various alternatives are introduced, on
the basis of that their positive and negative impacts are also
considered.

Continued...
 Continuous shipping and transports through sea is increasing
the green house gas emissions. Below are the mitigation
measures and strategies that can be used for mitigation.
 Statement of requirement that intervention is endeavoring the
address. Overview of mitigation strategies like environmental,
social, economical which are related with policy of climate
framework need to be made.
 Anticipation of these strategies impact on development like
how the lower class is getting affected in Timor Leste should be
determined before implementation.

NEED OF INTERVENTION
 Sea transport in Timor Leste account for significant share in green house
gas emissions. Ghg emission highly impacts the environment and society to
great extent. Constant shipping and transports through sea is increasing the
green house gas emissions.
 In the country the GHG emissions caused due to transport activities
increased by 14 percent from 1998 to 2015. International transport which
involves shipping and transport through sea which is increasing source of
green house gas emission.
 Between 2009 to 2012 in the country Co2 from sea transport grew at
faster rate in the region.
 It is highly impacting the environment and society of the region.
Temperature of the are is increasing due to which global warming is
growing in the country

Continued...
 Continuous shipping and transports through sea is increasing
the green house gas emissions. Below are the mitigation
measures and strategies that can be used for mitigation.
 Statement of requirement that intervention is endeavoring the
address. Overview of mitigation strategies like environmental,
social, economical which are related with policy of climate
framework need to be made.
 Anticipation of these strategies impact on development like
how the lower class is getting affected in Timor Leste should be
determined before implementation.

Strategies for mitigation
 Mitigation intervention are two original factors of the
international climate practice to minimize the negative effects
of change in climate on ecosystem of Timor leste. .
 Continuous shipping and transports through sea is increasing
the green house gas emissions. So there is requirement of
making strategies for mitigating this risk in the country from
green house gas emissions.
 There are various aspect in which the strategies can be made.
Following are the strategies:

Environmental strategy
 The first strategy is to use lower-sulphur fuel. It should be
made a necessity by the ship authorities primarily shift
towards utilising low-sulphur fuels so that the greenhouse
emissions are reduced to much greater extents.
 Furthermore, the utilisation of shore-based power-supply
should be referred in case of electrification process. This is
overall known as cold ironing. In this, the ships would be
plugged with electric-supply from a system present at land.
 Another strategy is to increase the use of green vehicles
instead of ships so that a major part of green house gas
emissions would be reduce.

Continued..
 Environment al strategy for reducing GHG emission can be
less transport through sea. Reduction in sea transport can
support in reducing green house gas impact on environment.
Innovation can be done in making of ships which less emit the
CO2 in environment.
 Fossil fuel elimination can also be done to reduce the impact
on environment. Support from supply chains can be taken to
reduce the environment effects of sea transport form maritime.
New technologies can be adopted for transporting of things
from one place to another so that there will be less use of sea
transportation.

Economical strategy
• To reduce the impact of green house impact funds for adopting
new technologies cab be allocated. New technologies can be
adopted for transporting of things from one place to another so
that there will be less use of sea transportation. It will help in
reducing the impact on environment. Some limits should be
decide on transportation form ships.
• Environmental friendly technologies can be used in to mitigate
risk caused by green house gas emissions. Renewable energy
resources can be used in place of fossil fuels. Sustainable bio
fuel ships can be used.

Social aspects
• Contextualising upon the social aspects of mitigation strategies
to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, involvement of
awareness programs is usually there. The first strategy is to
influence the behaviours of individuals in using transports of
private and public.
• This will further reduce the use of sea transport. The people also
need to be made aware about the consequences that the green
house gases impose upon the overall environment and their
lifestyles. So, this awareness strategy could be very useful.

Links to climate policy frameworks
• Contextualising upon Timor-Leste's increasing greenhouse
emissions, the framework states to introduce a 40% cut in the
greenhouse gas emissions. This is the binding targets for cutting
of the emissions in Timor-Leste.
• The authorities would be able to take measures that are cost-
effective taking in consideration the long term objective of 80 to
95% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Impact of strategies on development
Impact of environmental strategy
• Positive impact
Positive impact of environmental strategy is that it will help in
securing the environment from the GHG risk. It will also help in
mitigating the impact of GHG on wildlife of the area. This
strategy will help in saving the sea species from the emission.
• Negative impact
Implementation of environmental strategy to reduce the green
house gas emission. It can impact the ship manufacturing
organisation as they will have to modify their conventional
method of ship production. Negative impact on poor can be
seen of this strategy as this will result in loosing jobs.

Continued..
Impact of Economical strategy
• Positive impact
The positive impact of economical strategy would be that it will
help in reducing the green house gas impact. Proper fund
allocation would help in execution of all the plans made to
mitigate the risk of CO2 emission.
• Negative impacts
Negative impact of economic strategy would be like if there may
arrive some problem in raising funds then strategy will not be
implemented successfully. Increased eco friendly transportation
system result various issues like traffic congestion.

Continued..
Social aspects impact
• Contextualizing upon the impact of social strategies, the impact
is likely to b positive one. The reason is that it is focussing upon
the benefiting of people by aid of making them aware about the
necessary consequences imposed by the greenhouse gas
emissions. The increasing usage of domestic sea transport has
led to substantial increase in the emission of CO2 gas by
burning of fossil fuels which have high amounts of sulphur.
• If at the right time people are not made aware about the
acquired consequences they could definitely have to face the
threats of the coming situation.

Continued..
Impact of climate policy frameworks
• With reference to the climatic frameworks, regarding mitigation
strategy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, authorities will
be legally obliged to carry their practices within this framework.
As per the climatic framework, a sort of target will be provided to
them which they have to stay abide in any condition.
• If the framework is about cutting the green house gas emissions
then authorities have to undertake all sorts of measures that are
supporting this particular aim. So, overall this framework is
having a positive impact since cost effective measures would be
undertaken to achieve the main objective of reducing the
greenhouse gas emissions.

CONCLUSION
From the overall report, it can overall be evaluated that increasing
transport in the domestic sea has led to the rise of green house
gas emission. This is highly led to take help of mitigation
measures of reducing the emission. Henceforth, to cover the
aspect of environment, using of low sulphur fuel and measures
like green vehicles will further assist in positively impacting the
Timor-Leste. Adding more to this, the social aspects take in
consideration encouraging the people via aid of awareness
programs that would be helpful in assessing the mitigation
measure

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Heidari, N. and Pearce, J.M., 2016. A review of greenhouse gas
emission liabilities as the value of renewable energy for
mitigating lawsuits for climate change related
damages. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 55.
pp.899-908.
Chandra, A., Dargusch, P. and McNamara, K.E., 2016. How might
adaptation to climate change by smallholder farming
communities contribute to climate change mitigation outcomes?
A case study from Timor-Leste, Southeast Asia. Sustainability
Science. 11(3). pp.477-492.

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