This assignment is focused on comparing and contrasting the pros and cons of various project, program, and portfolio (PPPM) application systems. Students are expected to evaluate the different manual and electronic systems used in task form, program form, and project form portfolios, as well as their usage in monitoring performance and managing changes within a project. The assignment also asks students to propose suitable PPPM application systems for successful project, program, and portfolio execution in various industry domains, and discuss contemporary developments in the use of PPPM application systems.