Health Services-Funding and Responsibility Analysis

This assignment requires a comprehensive analysis of health service funding and responsibility, incorporating case studies, policy reviews, and research from various sources. The document presents a meta title, meta description, and summary that are relevant to the topic, making it suitable for publication on Desklib, which provides past papers and solved assignments for students.

PRACTISE NURSING WITHIN
THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH
CARE SYSTEM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
1) Major health service models...................................................................................................1
2) Applications of the standards..................................................................................................2
3) Structure of Australian health care system.............................................................................2
4) Evolution of nursing professions in Australia........................................................................4
5) Current perspective of nursing profession..............................................................................5
6)Philosophical framework of primary health care.....................................................................5
7) Major health models...............................................................................................................6
8) Role of the nursing regulatory authority.................................................................................6
9) Health related issue faced by migrated people to Australia....................................................7
10) Roles of the organisations in health insurance......................................................................8
11)Health issues among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.......................................8
12)Impacts of healthcare delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people..................9
13)Examples of health care practices by enrolled nurses...........................................................9
14)Roles of interdisciplinary health care..................................................................................10
15) Role of the personnels in health service delivery...............................................................10
16) How factors will affect the health and illness of people.....................................................10
17)Example of political impact on health care.........................................................................11
18) Current issues impacting clinical practices.........................................................................11
19) Impact of factors on personal health...................................................................................11
20)Agency could be approach to get a vaccination..................................................................12
21) Suggestion for the case.......................................................................................................12
22)Effectiveness of the health promotional strategies..............................................................12
23) Betty Neuman system model..............................................................................................12
24)Suggestions to colleague......................................................................................................12
25)Development and historical context of the Australian health care system..........................12
26) Strengths and weaknesses...................................................................................................13
27)How enrolled nurses work...................................................................................................13

28)Availability of health care funding and resource allocation................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Nursing is one of the activity that is very essential at the present time period in health
care sector. This is the act where collaboration of cares to individual of all the ages are
performed. It basically focuses upon the promotion of the health issues and preventing of one
from various diseases and health related problems. Many a time in Australia shortage of
manpower takes place in health care organisation which is one of the major concerns in the
nation (Britt and et. al., 2013). Due to the shortage of workforce number of programs has been
introduced by federal government of Australia. There are many plans that are made so that
development of nursing practices can be motivated and encouraged in country.
In this assignment, different model of health will be discussed that will be affecting the
promotional acts of health will be discussed along with that applications of several standards will
be described. Current perspective of nursing will be considered here to understand the norms and
practices that are carried out in the cited nation (Australia).
TASK1
1) Major health service models
There are number of models of health that is having the influence on health promotional
acts. It is very essential for the health care homes to take in consideration about these models so
that they can be able to practice effective nursing activities. Models of health are said to be as the
conceptual frameworks or all the ways of thinking about the health (Buckle, 2014). There are
basically three models of health- Biomedical models, Social and Ottawa charter for health. The
major two are as below-1. Social Model- This is an approach that is focusing more upon the influence on health
instead of any kind of injury or diseases. This is an aspect that is considering the fact to
prevent one from various diseases and illness.
Benefits
 Awareness and educations are availed to public so that they can be able to prevent
themselves from various diseases.
 It helps in motivating and encouraging people to own the responsibility for their own
health.
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2. Biomedical model of health- This is an approach that focuses on the physical and
biological elements of illness (Chiang and Chang, 2012). This aspects its practised by the
professionals and doctors where they diagnose, and treat the diseases of patents. This
system is promoting in increasing the immunisation and vaccinations. This model is
getting 90% of funds by government. It is basically having 2 aspects diagnosis and
interventions.
Benefits
 It is very supporting in creating advanced technology.
 Diseases and illness which is very common can be able to treat in appropriate manner.
 Helps in improving quality of life.
2) Applications of the standards.
National Safety And Quality Health Services Standards are in controlled and owned by
Australian Commission. It is one of the major policy that has to be adapted by each and every
health care homes. It is very important as it is promoting the health related practices in
organisation with the help of this effective operations and services are availed to patients in
society (Coyne and et. al., 2011). It is very necessary to meet each and every standards of the
NSQHS. This will lead in attaining proper health and safety and nursing practices by every H&C
homes.
Application of these standards are as follows-
 It is applicable for the governances for quality and safety in each and every health care
firms.
 It is used in many organisation in nation and territories to prevent public from various
infections and diseases.
 It is providing facilities related to medications, vaccinations and immunizations.
 It is very helpful in providing organisations all the groups of bloods and blood related
products. RBC, WBC, Platelets all these things are offered by these standards.
3) Structure of Australian health care system
A systematic and well structure layout and frameworks is been adopted in Australia to
perform nursing practices (DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska, 2014). Below is the diagram showing
about the structure that is been followed in the cited country. The interior pieces represents the
size of the expenses in context to several sectors of the health care systems, being specialist's
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offices, basic social protection and other recurrent areas. Because of the hospital division, this
fuses both the public and private organisation of country. Basic social protection indulges
various ranges of front-line services related to health, for instance, services of physiotherapy and
optometry, dental and all public and general prosperity exercises (Grol and et. al., 2013). It
moreover consolidates the cost of medicines which are not provided with the funding system of
hospitals.
Recurrent fuses zones of discontinuous spending that were not paid for by specialist's
offices but rather that were not passed on through the fundamental human services division, for
instance, services of medical aspects other from those availed by general specialists, restorative
research, prosperity helps and mechanical assemblies, tolerant transport organizations and
prosperity association. It is very essential to take in considerations about these aspects as because
they are consisting many activities and functions that has to be performed appropriately.
The middle ring shows the relative use on the specific organization sorts in each and
every sector, and who passes on the organization. The outside ring shows the sponsoring hotspot
for the unmistakable organizations and the relative size of the financing (Hutchison and et. al.,
2011).
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(Source: Health services-funding and responsibility, 2017)
4) Evolution of nursing professions in Australia.
Nursing has become one of the major revolutionary practices in Australia. This
profession has begin in 19th century. In 1810-1811 the opening on Sydney Hospital has been
performed from where the health care operations and functions get started in nation in a
professional manner. In mid 1800's Florence Nightingale sent five best trained sisters to Sydney
Australia as to serve the patients with the request of henry Parkes Colonial Secretary of the
nation. The first well trained nurse arrived in this place who was among the five Irish sisters
(1830). 1841, people of the nation were treated as criminals if they become mentally ill, in this
year mental disorder case was recorded first time in the nation (Ivers and et. al., 2012).
In the year 1857, a group was created who were paid and were social workers and a
district nursing programme has been established. 1899, international council of nurses has been
introduced in country. 1939-45, in World War II the nursing staffs served outside the nation due
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Health services-funding and responsibility

to this crucial and severe situation. A national registration for all nurses and midwives came into
force in Australia in July 2010.
5) Current perspective of nursing profession.
Nursing has become on of the very important aspect at the present time. Many people are
very busy in their working schedule that they are not getting proper time for their own health.
Large number of population is affected by various health related issues and problems. This has
led to the situation where nursing practises has to be introduced. He nurses has to be trained and
well knowledgable so that they can be able to treat the patients in appropriate and effective
manner (Kitson and et. al., 2013).
As per the need of public related to health has been changes similarly the need to nursing
has also increased. There are many opportunities that can be availed. The roles and
responsibilities will also get change of the nurses in health care organisation. People will day by
day reduces their ages hence they become older therefore to treat them it is very necessary to
have well qualified people in the firm. So the training and learning skills will also be enhanced
through the latest and updated techniques and methods.
6)Philosophical framework of primary health care.
This is the primary and basic care that are provided to the patients in the health care
organisations and any other places too. It is the services which are offer to the consumers besides
hospital as well can be considered in this. Generally, a man with no disease or ailment is viewed
as sound. In any case, healthy life is described by the World Health Organization as 'a state of
complete physical, mental and social thriving and not just the non-appearance of disease or
ailment's (Leggat, Bartram and Stanton, 2011). Such definition is widely inclusive as it sees
different determinants of health which inculcates physical, mental, social and social factors. The
consolidation of social factor as one of the determinants of it is related to the extent his social
flourishing, and the learning venture won't have the ability to support the client's prosperity and
individual fulfilment if simply physical factor is thought about.
7) Major health models.
There are several health models which is helping the health care homes and each and
every organisation which is dealing with the health and safety of people of the society. Below are
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some of the major health models which is very effectively encouraging firms to practices
appropriate working related to safety.
 Holistic health model- This is basically an approach that is related to the life of the
people. It does not much put focus upon the illness, diseases or part of the body. This is
an ancient aspect that is considering about a person and all those aspect through which
those people can interact with its surrounding. It focuses upon the relationship between
mind, soul and body (Lowe and et. al., 2012). Basically this model is used to address the
issues and problems and finding out all those way through which these difficulty can be
resolved.
 The health-illness Continuum- This is an approach that is used to to present the health
situation of an individual. This is a graphical illustration of the mental and physical state
of the people in the nation. Health of a person and illness both lies in a continuum.
Therefore the health spectrum of it can be mentioned in graphical form.
8) Role of the nursing regulatory authority.1. Role of Nursing and Midwifery board of Australia
 Enlisting midwifery and nursing professionals and understudies.
 Creating benchmarks, codes and rules for the nursing and birthing assistance calling.
 Taking care of notices, protestations, examinations and disciplinary hearings.
 Surveying abroad prepared specialists who wish to rehearse in Australia (Manley,
McCormack and Wilson, eds., 2013). Endorsing accreditation principles and certify courses of study.2. Role of Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
 Conversing with bosses and settling work environment debate
 Lawful portrayal if your question can't be worked out in the working environment
 Arranging honours and concurrences with managers
 Data about wages and states of business
 Giving data and portrayal on work environment issues
 Instructive administrations
 Campaigning government on strategy positions Library and instructive administrations.3. Role of Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
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 They are responsible to protect the public
 Setting up of the national standards for health care homes.
 They have the role to audit the compliances.
 All the complaints are managed by them (McCormack, Manley and Titchen, eds.,
2013). Online registrations has been published by them.4. Role of Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council
 They are responsible for protecting the community people of Australia against several
health related problems.
 They are very much responsible for the development of the accreditation standards.
 This council has the duty to seek whether the people of the nurses are availing the studies
as per the set standards or not.
9) Health related issue faced by migrated people to Australia.
There are many health related problems that are faced by population of the cited country.
Mostly people who are migrating from other places to Australia is suffering the illness issues sue
to the change in environment. These diseases many times leads to the situation where death may
also take place (Melnyk and et. al., 2014). Many people for several professional and personal
reason migrate from their home town to other places like Australia where they may face health
problems. Diseases that may occur are as follows-
 Mental problems(Depression)- Many people faces metal related issues as they migrate to
a new place. They are the one who does not able to get adjust in new location and they
feel alone and will get depressed this will affect their health as well. Many time people
get mentally retarded and act as mad or unsound way. This is one of the major issue at
the present time period. Many people are dying and are not able to perform any thing.
 Respiratory disorders (Asthma)- As one migrate the entire surrounding will get change
which include the culture, air, water environment. This is the situation where the air does
not suit to the people and they face problems of breathing. The respiratory system does
not function in a proper manner and asthma disease may get affect. This is the situation
which may and may not be treated it totally depends upon the stage which the patient is
going through. In small kids treatment can be performed effectively as they are at the
initial stage.
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 Heat related mortality (Heat strokes & dehydration)- There are temperature changes takes
place and many times people does not able to cop up with the high heat (Östlund and et.
al., 2011). This may lead to dehydration where the water in the body gets absorbed and
more and more liquid is needed by the body which people ignores to have and faces this
problem. Heat strokes and skin burns all this situation also get raised due to the migration
takes place to Australia as because it become very difficult for people to adjust in a new
place.
10) Roles of the organisations in health insurance.
1. Role of Private Health care Australia
 To speeding up as well as to promote the development and principle philosophy of health
insurances.
 To do consultation about the insurance with the national, international authorities. To carry out a cooperative relationship with the several departments and agencies.
2. Role of Centrelink
 It is helping the health care organisations in availing funds for their effective operations
and functions (Schoen and et. al., 2012).
 They are creating awareness about the health related problems to the people so that they
can be able to prevent themselves from all the diseases and infections.
11)Health issues among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Cardiac health issues-01 Aboriginal and Torres strait islander people had cardiac issues
then in other people, as people of these category use to smoke then the other persons,
from the age of 15 and they use to smoke very much that create cardiac issue more. And
the other reason for this can be as they use to be overweight then the other people and
male use to be overweight then female. The waist circumference can also be a reason as
the people in this which have overweight had 80 to 90 above waist size that can also
increase this disease.
 Diabetes- The Aboriginal and Torres strait islander people have 3 times more diabetes
problem then any other people. Aboriginal and Torres strait islander women likely to
generate diabetes then the non Aboriginal and Torres strait islander women and as so the
children's also have that same (Britt and et. al., 2013). Behind this there will be cultural,
historical, social factors maybe their and to prevent form these disease the health care
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sector has to produce some factors by which they can be able to reduce these problems by
them, so that it can become less in coming generation of Aboriginal and Torres strait
islander people.
12)Impacts of healthcare delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Health care requirements are equal to each and every individual in a nation. It is very
essential for the government of the country to focus upon every person living in the region. It is
an essential aspect that every person has the right to live a healthy and safe life hence its the duty
of health care centres to take in consideration about the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people also, their living and way of dealing with other are very different due to their culture
hence it is very must to check their level of health as well (Buckle, 2014). Health care deliveries
availed to these people will help them in living a healthy and safe life along with that they will
be having good and health as well.
13)Examples of health care practices by enrolled nurses.
An enrolled nurses can be practice many such things that can help in enhancing their
knowledge as well as be able to deliver the services to the customers in more effective and
appropriate manner. There are some of the example of health care environmental practices that
can be performed by nurse such as-
 Professional and collaborative practice
 Provision of care
 Reflective and analytical practice.
14)Roles of interdisciplinary health care.
The interdisciplinary health care teams plays a very vital role in the health and safety of
the people of the society. They are very effectively carrying out their operations and functions by
serving to the patients (Chiang and Chang, 2012). They are responsible to pursuit the continuity
of the services and care are provided to the customers. They are very much liable to protect the
people and to avail them first aid services.
15) Role of the personnels in health service delivery.
1. Physiotherapist- These are those persons which use to treat and provide training to them,
so that they can be able to restore their lifestyle again, or overcome their illness or any
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problem. They can treat them at home or at any other place them. They help the people
who are suffering from any kind of illness or injury, they help in improving their health.
2. Dietician- They are person who have the proper strategies of what, how and when the
things are to be consumed by the people which are ill, injured or suffering from any
problem, so that they can get proper vitamins, nutrition, protein, etc. they provide proper
diet chart to the people so that they can recover their problems.
16) How factors will affect the health and illness of people.
1. Environment- This can affect the health of people which are living in Australia
and other places. As the environment can affect by the place where people are
living, and people are living around them (Coyne and et. al., 2011). The water
people drink the food which they consume and the air which they breath in affects
the people's health.
2. Cultural barriers- The custom in which people is living can affect their health. If
the culture in which the people is living is backward then they will be far away
from the health awareness.
3. Community acceptance- It is very essential for improving the health of the
people firstly the community should accept the changes as if they would not
accept then nothing can be changed and non of the new things can be adopted.
There are different disease which comes day by day so people have to adopt the
changes.
17)Example of political impact on health care.
Political factors plays a very important role in the operations and functions of the health
care organisation. Governing body of the nation play a vital aspect in the setting upon norms and
rules. There are several new policies that will affect the operations of health care homes. It is
very essential to take them in consideration. Policies may raise the fees that may influences the
customers and as per that servers will also serve accordingly to the pay.
18) Current issues impacting clinical practices.
 Cardiovascular Health
 Indicators for Cardiovascular Health (DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska, 2014).
 Cancer Control
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 Indicators for Cancer Control
 Injury Prevention and Control
 Indicators for Injury Prevention and Control
 Mental Health
 Indicators for Mental Health
 Diabetes Mellitus
19) Impact of factors on personal health.
1. Higher income and social status- If the people have higher income and the social status,
then they would have great opportunity with them that they will get lots of benefits and
services by which they can treat their problems easily and properly. And even if there is
any awareness is been passed by the government and any treatment then they can be
easily adopt it.
2. Low eduction level- The people which are in this category, they do not have that much
knowledge of any things and they can not be able to understand any of the awareness
programmes which are conducted by the health care people. So they can be affected by
that.
3. Greater social support network- If the people have huge support of social network then
that might help them in improving their health related issues and can get proper treatment
for the diseases by which they are suffering with.
20)Agency could be approach to get a vaccination
Department of foreign health and trade is the agency to which James can be able to
approach for the vaccination against the diseases. On the online basis he can access them and can
be able to immunized (Melnyk and et. al., 2014).
21) Suggestion for the case
No, due to the new medications, it is very necessary for the patient to take only the one
which is been offered by doctors otherwise reactions can be take place which may affect the
health of the patient in more adverse manner.
22)Effectiveness of the health promotional strategies.
1. Beyond blue- This is a community which is helps in increasing the knowledge of the
rural people, and specially to the people which are drought affected in rural areas. Even
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they help in reducing the depression and any other mental problems by which people are
suffering with.
2. National Bowel Cancer Screening Program- In this they find those people which are
healthy but have high risk of having any kind of disease or any condition. They do the
screening test on the people. This can help in knowing the risk which can be happen to
the people.
23) Betty Neuman system model
The Neuman system show is a nursing hypothesis in view of the person's relationship to
stretch, the response to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature. Its main focus is
upon the stress level of the individual person.
24)Suggestions to colleague
As per my view I will suggest her to be calm and ask her to be patient. It is very essential
for her to understand the cultural differences as many are there who are facing problem in
adapting the new cultures (Östlund and et. al., 2011). So I will ask her to understand the situation
from peaceful mind.
25)Development and historical context of the Australian health care system
` As the development of the health care sector earlier it was not well structure and well
managed but as per the need of the public the entire structure also get enhanced.
26) Strengths and weaknesses.
Strength of the Australian health care sector is that it is availing the best services to the
customers. The other one is that it is concerning about each and every category of people.
Weaknesses is that nurses are not properly available and the other is many factors are affecting
the health care homes that are not able to overcome by them (Schoen and et. al., 2012).
27)How enrolled nurses work.
 Principle of primary health care- The enrolled nurses is responsible to perform this
principle which states that the primary health care services has to be provided to each and
every patient who visits to the health care homes.
 Principle of wellness- This is the principle which says that there is the need of providing
effective services so that customers will be able to get good services and can be treated
appropriately.
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28)Availability of health care funding and resource allocation
Health care services are major aspect at present time period it is very essential for the
organisation allocate each and every resources in an appropriate way so that operations and
functions can be performed in more effective manner. The funding is also a very essential part
that is needed to be managed in proper way so that they can be able to deliver the services to
clients appropriately (Britt and et. al., 2013).
CONCLUSION
In this report the several aspects of the health care services and organisations of Australia
has been described. Different model of health has been discussed that will be affecting the
promotional acts of health is also discussed along with that applications of several standards is
described. Current perspective of nursing has considered here to understand the norms and
practices that are carried out in the cited nation.
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REFERENCES
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different medical units: Implications for healthcare management/nursing practice. Health
Policy. 108(2). pp.149-157.
Coyne and et. al., 2011. What does family‐centred care mean to nurses and how do they think it
could be enhanced in practice. Journal of advanced nursing. 67(12). pp.2561-2573.
DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G. and Ciliska, D., 2014. Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to
Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Grol and et. al., 2013. Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John
Wiley & Sons.
Hutchison and et. al., 2011. Primary health care in Canada: systems in motion. The Milbank
Quarterly. 89(2). pp.256-288.
Ivers and et. al., 2012. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare
outcomes. The Cochrane Library.
Kitson and et. al., 2013. What are the core elements of patient‐centred care? A narrative review
and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing. Journal of
advanced nursing. 69(1). pp.4-15.
Leggat, S.G., Bartram, T. and Stanton, P., 2011. High performance work systems: the gap
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Management. 25(3). pp.281-297.
Lowe and et. al., 2012. Time to clarify–the value of advanced practice nursing roles in health
care. Journal of advanced nursing. 68(3). pp.677-685.
Manley, K., McCormack, B. and Wilson, V. eds., 2013. International practice development in
nursing and healthcare. John Wiley & Sons.
McCormack, B., Manley, K. and Titchen, A. eds., 2013. Practice development in nursing and
healthcare. John Wiley & Sons.
Melnyk and et. al., 2014. The establishment of evidence‐based practice competencies for
practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real‐world clinical settings:
proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs.
Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing. 11(1). pp.5-15.
Östlund and et. al., 2011. Combining qualitative and quantitative research within mixed method
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48(3). pp.369-383.
Schoen and et. al., 2012. A survey of primary care doctors in ten countries shows progress in use
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Online
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Australia's health system. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/>. [Accessed on 16th
August 2017].
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