Effect of Nurse Empowerment Educational Program on Patient Safety Culture: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Running head: ASSESSMENT 2
CASP: Quantitative Research
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1
ASSESSMENT 2
Answer 2
Can’t tell
Randomization was done by pre-test and post-test control groups (Amiri, Khademian
and Nikandish 2018). The pretest and posttest design in RCTs measures and compare the
study outcome both before and after the treatment and thus helping to increase the strength of
the research.
The selection of 60 nurses was done based on proportional stratified sampling. This
stratefied sampling technique provides greater precision in comparison to simple random
sampling of the same sample size and at the same time, it is cost-effective (Shuster, 2019). Of
them 30 nurses were randomly allocated to the control group. The inclusions of 20
supervisors were done with the help to permuted block randomization and of them 10
supervisors were recruited in the control groups (Amiri, Khademian and Nikandish 2018).
block randomization sampling method deals with division of the total sample into two sub-
groups known as block such that the variability within the blocks is kept less than variability
between the blocks this further help to refine the process of randomisation (Kim, and Shin
2014). The main inclusion criteria used was 6 months of experience in adult ICU unit and
with Bachelor degree in nursing. The nursing professionals who were unwilling to participate
or failed to conduct pre-test were excluded from the trial. The allocation detail was elaborated
in a tabular format with the help of the CONSORT diagram. This helps in parallel
representation of two phases of randomization (Vohra et al. 2016). However, it is not
mentioned in the study whether the participants were blinded about the scope of the trial or
aim of the trial (Amiri, Khademian and Nikandish 2018).

2
ASSESSMENT 2
Answer 3
No.
Out of 30 nurses and 10 supervisors who were recruited in the experimental group,
only 200 nurses and 9 supervisors received intervention. During the follow-up session one
nurse failed to complete the pro-test and thus making the final sample after the completion of
the study is 21 nurses and 9 supervisors. In the control group the number was 27 nurses and 4
supervisors (Amiri, Khademian and Nikandish 2018). The decrease in the sample size due to
drop outs during the follow-up sessions hampers the strength of the RCTs (Singh and Masuku
2014). Thus all the people who were included in the group accounted for the study till its end.
However, the trial was not stopped early and the two groups were analysed separately
(experimental and control groups) in which they are randomised. Singh and Masuku 2014)
stated that analysis of both the control and the experimental groups separately helps to
compare the pre-test and post-test parameter during and thereby helping to clearly highlight
the significant outcome of the study in the RCTs.
Answer 5
Yes.
The patients were all adults in the ICU units. However, the adult patients who were
selected in order to review the level of cultural competency were not reviewed that if they are
from the same origin. Betancourt et al. (2016) are of the opinion that the adult patients who
are from the ethnic minority background are more likely to suffer from the cultural insecurity
or are cultural vulnerable. In that case, it is the duty of the nursing professional to handle such
ethnic minority patients more cautiously in comparison to other non-indigenous population.
Thus selection of the generalised version of the adult patient population might have led to a
biased recruitment of the population that is used for the assessment of the patients’ cultural