Pregnacy And Potential Complications Assignment 2022

Running head: PREGNANCY AND POTENTIAL COPLICATIONS 1
Pregnancy and Potential Complications
Name
Institution

PREGNACY AND POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS 2
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disorder that causes the endometrium, a tissue that lines the inside of the
uterus to grow outside the uterine cavity. It normally occurs when the endometrial tissues grow
on the tissue around the pelvis and the ovaries leading to a very painful experience during the
menstrual cycle. This disorder is characterized by a painful pelvis, heavy bleeding during
menstruation, infertility, and pain during intercourse among others (Evans, 2015). The exact
cause of this disorder is not known and thus there are several theories around it. One of the
theories suggests that it occurs when menstrual blood flows back into the pelvic cavity through
the fallopian tube instead of leaving the body (Giudice, 2010). Another theory also alludes that
hormonal changes may transform the cells outside the uterus to resemble those lining the uterus.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that is common among women of reproductive age and is
characterized by long or infrequent periods of menstruation. It is also characterized by excess
androgen levels. As a result, the ovaries develop numerous follicles and do not release ova. The
exact cause of PCOS is no clearly known. However, some factors are believed to play a role.
Excess insulin in the body may lead to an increase in the production of androgen thus making
ovulation difficult (Goodarzi, Dumesic, Chazenbalk & Azziz, 2011). Additionally, hereditary
factors may also play a role in this disorder because certain genes may be linked to PCOS.
Furthermore, if the ovaries produce excessively high levels of androgen, PCOS can occur.
Treatment for Endometriosis and PCOS
There is no cure for endometriosis but the symptoms can be managed to relieve pain. The
treatment options may include pain medications such as ibuprofen but this is not always