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N-(4- butoxyphenyl)acetamide Assignment

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Added on  2021-06-16

N-(4- butoxyphenyl)acetamide Assignment

   Added on 2021-06-16

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PREPARATION OF N-(4-butoxyphenyl)acetamide WILLIAMSON ETHER SYNTHESIS EXPERIMENT. NAME OF THE STUDENT. INSTITUTION AFFILIATION,
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PREPARATION OF N-(4-butoxyphenyl)acetamideIntroduction: Objectives of the experiment.The main objective of the experiment was to prepare N-(4-butoxyphenyl)acetamide by reacting paracetamol dissolved in sodium hydroxide with 1-bromobutane in presence of ethanol solution, followed by heating the reactants in order to increase the rate of reaction and form the product. Inaddition to that, the experimental yield obtained, another objective was to calculate the experimental yield that should have been obtained from the experiment when ideal, with no errors and hence, calculate the percentage yield. The calculation of the percentage yield is important for chemists as it enables them to find out whether the experimental procedure could be applied at industrial level in order to form the same product. This experiment also aimed at familiarizing the students with knowledge on how to carry out thin layer chromatography, in order to test for completion of a reaction. Moreover, the students were also to learn how to obtainan IR spectrum of the paracetamol and the product formed and use the information on data analysis. Lastly, the students were also to learn about SN1 AND SN2 reactions through the reactions of the haloalkanes with: silver nitrate in ethanol and with sodium iodide in acetone.
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PREPARATION OF N-(4-butoxyphenyl)acetamideLiterature Review.SN2 reactions are reactions that occur in one step with the nucleophile and the substrate being involved in the rate determining step.The SN2 reaction only occurs if an empty orbital is ac since it is accessible since it is a backside attack reaction. Therefore, the SN2 reactions are affected by steric hindrance. Steric hindrance is the case whereby the leaving group or the attacking group is surrounded by bulky substrates that end up lowering the rate of the reaction. Therefore, for SN2 reactions, the primaryhaloalkanes are the most reactive followed by the secondary haloalkanes and finally the least reactive are tertiary haloalkanes. SN1 reactions are however reactions that occur in one step involving the loss of a leaving group that leads to the formation of a carbocation. This reaction isalso called unimolecular because it does not involve the formation of an intermediary like the SN2 reaction.
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PREPARATION OF N-(4-butoxyphenyl)acetamideSN1 reactions depend on the stability of the carbocations since, the first step as stated earlier involves the loss of a leaving group to form carbocations and hence, the rate of the reaction will be proportional to the stability of the carbocation. Carbocation stability increases with the increase in substitution of the carbon and hence, the rate of this reaction proceeds from tertiary haloalkanes being the fastest, to secondary haloalkanes and the least reactive are the primary haloalkanes. Resonance rate for the reaction will proceed in the same way. It is however, important to know that both SN1 and SN2 reactions do not occur for sp2 hybridized compounds. They only occur for alkyhalides and their related compounds such as tosylates and mesylates (James, 2012). The Williamson ether synthesis experiment is an SN2 reaction between a deprotonated alcohol and an alkyl halide to form an ether. The reaction involves the breaking of a carbon bond (James,2014). The synthesis in the Williamson ether experiment occurs at rates that depend on the number of atoms in the transition state. These rates are affected by the probability of the alkoxideapproaching the carbon atom with the halide ion, as well as the resulting ring compound (Robert J. Ouellette and J. David Rawn, 2015).
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