Qualitative Research: Procedure, Data Presentation and Findings

This article discusses the procedure, data presentation and findings of qualitative research. It explains the importance of qualitative research and its data collection and analysis methods. It also provides a sample figure showing survey respondents.

Running head: BUSINESS INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
Qualitative Research
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Procedure.........................................................................................................................................4
Data Presentation and Findings.......................................................................................................7
Figure No 1: Sample Figure Showing Survey Respondents...........................................................8
Conclusion/Reflection.....................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
The title of the study is “The Presentation of Qualitative Findings and Critical
Reflection”. A qualitative research is defined as a scientific method of observation that helps to
gather non-numerical data and thus does not involve any kind of calculation. The following
research is mainly based on different kinds of meanings, concepts, definitions, thinking, symbols
and metaphors of the research topic selected to be studied. The following research answers on
how and when does a certain phenomenon occur and what will be the effect of that particular
phenomenon (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2017). The research approaches that are based on
qualitative data are employed on a number of different academic areas that generally focuses
on the human elements of the social and the natural sciences.
Most of the researchers prefer the qualitative researches because of some specific
reasons. The qualitative researches help the research to be much more descriptive and detailed as
because the research method helps to cultivate deep and assess all the possible problems and
solutions of the subject accordingly (Glaser & Strauss, 2017). The choice of the qualitative
research is also done due to the capability of the research to explain the linkages and the
mechanisms of the problems within the research in a proper and effective manner. According to,
King, Horrocks & Brooks (2018) some of the major data collection methods of qualitative
research are Interviews, observation, action research and focus groups.
The use of interviews can help the research to explore the views, experiences, beliefs as
well as motivations of the different individual participants. Whereas, focus groups generally use
the dynamics of a group to generate qualitative data. The use of action research is generally the
use of a reflective process of progressive problem solving that are led by the individuals who

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work with the others in teams or as part of the community or practice to bring a change in the
way they address the issues and solve the problems within the research. The selection of the
participants in qualitative research is also one of the most important part of the research as the
choice of the proper and most reliable participants based on the research topic can ensure the
success of the business accordingly (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2017). On the other hand there are
generally two main kinds of approach in the qualitative research which includes Thematic and
Interview transcript. These two approaches are mainly used by the researchers to complete the
researches.
The thematic analysis involves the choice of some major themes that are related to the
subject of the study and discussing them in detail whereas the interview transcript describes the
discussion of the interview taken and then the detailed analysis of the different interview
responses received while collecting data for the research.
Procedure
Qualitative Research is a certain term that possesses varying meanings in educational
research. The studies in Qualitative research generally include the likes of the ethnographies,
case studies and different kinds of descriptive studies. According to, Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault
(2015)The studies in this field are often termed as ethnographies. However, such kind of studies
are always more specific in nature. The work described in the following chapter clearly defines
that ethnographies are analytic descriptions or reconstructions of intact cultural scenes and
different groups. The qualitative methods typically include different kinds of interviews and
observations but also include lots of case studies, historical and documentary analysis and

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surveys. The analysis of the case study as well as the analysis of the survey is considered to be
the methods that are based on qualitative studies.
The research based on qualitative phenomenon is concerned with developing different
kinds of explanations that concerns with the social aspects of the research topic. This includes
the social aspects of the things that are mainly concerned in the research, the people who are
affected by the social aspects and how the opinions and attitudes are formed. The main
characters of the qualitative research are being naturalistic, being emergent and also being
purposeful. The main principles of the qualitative research are therefore determined by the
characteristics of the research (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2017). This includes the likes of unique
case orientation, inductive analysis and inclusion of a holistic perspective to the research. This
helps the research to be compact and strong in nature.
The data collection procedures in Qualitative analysis are as follows;
a. Face to face interviews- The most common form of data collection is the face to face data
collection methods which is one of the most primary and personal approach in the
collection of data. The interviewer collects data from another person concerned with the
subject. The person who gives the information is also called as the interviewee (King,
Horrocks & Brooks, 2018). The interview may be informal and unstructured depending on
the type of the research. a semi structured interview can solve the problem where the data
is personalized and the interviewer is determined by different kind of follow-up-questions
that helps in the study of the research more deeply.

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b. Surveys or Questionnaires- The survey or questionnaires is a type of data collection
process where a number of questions are provided to the participants of the research and
then the responses received are used for the analysis of the research data.
c. Focus Groups- Focus Groups is a large scale interview process involving a large number
of people in a group discussion. This type of data collection is necessary at the time of
limited availability of data.
The data analysis methods in Qualitative Research are as follows;
a. Getting familiar with the data collected- The thorough reading and analysis of the data is
one of the basic and most important part of the research. As because the total research is
based on data therefore the data needs to be studied properly to get the proper results.
b. Revisiting research objectives- The study of the objectives for a number of times will
help in the formulation of the research questions.
c. Development of a framework- According to, King, Horrocks & Brooks (2018) the
development of a framework is essential for the research. The framework is constructed
by means of the analysis of the different ideas, concepts, behaviors and phrases that helps
in the success of the research.
d. Identification of different patterns and connections- The time after the data is coded;
the research can slowly start identifying the themes and search for the most common
responses to different kinds of questions. This also helps to identify data and patterns that
will help to answer different kinds of research questions and many more as such.

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Data Presentation and Findings
Data analysis can be described as the process of bringing in order, structure and meaning
to the huge lot of collected data (Flick, 2018). The data analysis can be also described as a
messy, ambiguous, time consuming and creative process that is used in the research for a variety
of different manners. Analysis of the data is considered to be one of the most important step
at the heart of the research work. In the beginning, the data is generally of raw nature;
however it is later arranged in a proper and effective manner and analyzed accordingly to
ensure success for the research. The interpretation and the presentation of the data help the
research in a number of different manners. This includes;
a. In-depth knowledge about the abstract principle
b. able to understand the findings and the reasons
c. Provides a great guidance
The data can be presented via tables as well as graphs. Some of the examples have been
highlighted in the below provided table;

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Figure No 1: Sample Figure Showing Survey Respondents
Source: (vanderbilt.edu, 2019)
Conclusion/Reflection
The qualitative research analysis as studied in the following research has provided
different elements related to the research. The following report has identified and mentioned all
the different elements related to the qualitative research. The mentioning of the elements,
characteristics, nature has all been provided in the research in a proper and effective manner. The
report has also provided a detailed analysis of the different procedures of the qualitative research.
After a thorough analysis of the report it can be said that Qualitative Research is important as
because it has the capability to study the social aspects of the research topic and also has the
capability to analyze the topic in a much organized manner and go deep inside the subject to find
out unknown facts regarding the research.
Personally I can say that qualitative research is more reliable and preferable to me
and most of the researchers as because research involving quantitative analysis will include

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the inclusion of different kinds of numerical values and statistical analysis which has high
chances of getting mistaken without proper expertise. Therefore Qualitative analysis is
always much more preferable to me than its counterpart.

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References
Alvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2017). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative
research. Sage.
Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage Publications Limited.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative
research. Routledge.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative
research. Routledge.
King, N., Horrocks, C., & Brooks, J. (2018). Interviews in qualitative research. SAGE
Publications Limited.
Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (Eds.). (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for
discussion and analysis. Jossey-Bass.
Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (Eds.). (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for
discussion and analysis. Jossey-Bass.
Reporting Quantitative Results | Assessment Website | Vanderbilt University. (2019). Retrieved
from
http://virg.vanderbilt.edu/assessmentplans/results/Reporting_Results_Quantitative.aspx
Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.

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Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.