Understanding Alzheimer's Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Impact on the Human Brain

In this document we will discuss about Understanding Alzheimer's Disease and below are the summary points of this document:- Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. The human brain consists of different parts, including the limbic system and basal nuclei, which play vital roles in memory and sensory processing. Biological processes in the brain, such as communication, metabolism, repair, and regeneration, are crucial for neuronal functioning. Causes of Alzheimer's disease include brain cell death, plaque and tangle formation, and abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β peptide.

PRESENTATION ON
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
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INTRODUCTION
 Overview of the intricate structure of the
human brain, (Lewis, 2016).
 The origin of Alzheimer's disease resonates
from the genetic, environmental and
lifestyle factors.
 It is associated with decline in cognitive
decline in memory loss, (MacGill, 2016).
 Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia
that develops from the disruptions in the
neurological functions of the human brain.
 The disease has effects on the biological,
neurological and memory problems.

THE HUMAN BRAIN
 Command and control centre of the human
nervous centre.
 The brain has three distinct parts namely
forebrain, midbrain and hind brain.
 The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres
and the brainstem lies underneath it. Behind
the brainstem is the cerebellum.
 The brainstem, consisting of the medulla
oblongata, pons, and midbrain, relays
information between the brain and the body.

BRAIN LIMBIC SYSTEM
 Is formed from the cortical and subcortical
structures like the amygdala, hipocampus,
mammillary bodies, fornix, cingulate gyrus,
and the parahippocampal gyrus which
engage intrinsically.
 Amygdala receives multiple sensory
information which mediates emotional parts
of memory and fear
 Cerebelluma has vital role in carrying out
non thinking functions.

THE BASAL NUCLEI
 It posses the caudate process of globus
pallidus, putamen, substantia nigra, and
subthalamic nucleus.
 Each of the left and right portions of the
thalamus is separated by the internal
medullary lamina into anterior, ventrolateral,
and medial nuclei
 The divisions of the ventrolateral nuclei work
as the sensory transmissions in the body and
face
 The other thalamic structures, like the medial
and lateral geniculate bodies, regulate the
auditory and visual information in the brain

BRIAN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
 Involves the different functionalities of the
neurons, involves the cell body, dendrites
and axons.
 The functions of the neurons depend on the
different biological processes, such as
communication, metabolism, and repair,
remodeling, and regeneration (National
Institute of Aging, 2017).

COMMUNICATION
 The neurons are always in touch of cells.
 It is transmitted through the axons and
emissions of neurotransmitter chemicals.
 Each dendrite is connected to receptors.

PROCESS OF METABOLISM, REPAIR,
REMODELLING AND REGENERATION
 Metabolism is essential in the healthy
functioning of the cell and its survival.
 Remodelling and synaptic associations are
essential in learning memory and repair of
the brain.
 The glial cells in the form of microglia,
astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes support the
neurons to remain healthy

CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
 It is a degenerative disease which causes
death to brain cells, (MacGill, 2016).
 It is characterized by blood brain barrier
disruption, mitochondrial impairment,
oxidative stress, neuro inflammation and
hyper metabolism.
 It results in brain shrinks, thus reducing the
nerve cells over time.
 Autopsy shows minute forms of dying cells
called plaques and tangles
 Characteristics of the disease shows
abnormal extracellular accrual of amyloid-
β peptide (Aβ)

CONCLUSION
 AD is associated with progressive
neurodegenerative disorder which affects
approximately 44 million globally in the year
2015 and is estimated to double in the next
three decades, (Rouch & Dorey et al., 2014).
 Common symptoms include problems linked to
memory loss, judgment and thinking processes.
 Contributing factors of the disease include the
genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors.
 Strategies for preventing include lifestyle
interventions like physical activities, healthy
diet, mental challenges, and socialization
(Mendiola-Precoma et al., 2016)

REFERENCES
 Arizona State University. (2017, July 24).
 Bergland, C. (2016).
 Bernstein, L. (2016).
 Fox, M. (2017).
 Fukushima, M. CChao, Z Fujii, N. (2015).
 Hoffman, M. (2017).
 Lewis, T. (2016).
 MacGill, M. (2016).
 Mendiola-Precoma, J., Berumen, L. C.
Padilla, K., & Garcia-Alcocer, G. (2016).
 National Institute of Aging. (2017).
 Rouch, I & Dorey, J. M., et al., (2014
 Rughani, A. I., Penar P. L. (2015).