Type 1 Diabetes: Dietary Impact and Management

This assignment delves into the crucial role of diet in managing Type 1 diabetes. It examines the impact of food preferences, household availability, and macronutrient composition on dietary intake and glycemic control. Furthermore, it analyzes the current state of treatment for Type 1 diabetes in the US, including insulin microsecretion, potential treatments using stem cells, and the prevalence of the disease globally. Lastly, it highlights the influence of exercise and eating disorders on diabetic management.

Running head: PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Prevention of type 1 diabetes in children
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Executive summary:
The aim of the report was to investigate the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among the
children. It discusses about the impact of the disease on children’s health and elaborates an
action plan that examines the condition of the children in a school to deduce ways to prevent
the disease. It also discusses about the S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measureable, Achievable,
realistic and Timely) ways to minimize its development in children.

2PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Table of Contents
Introduction:...................................................................................................................3
Discussion:.....................................................................................................................4
Classes of diabetes:....................................................................................................4
Diabetes in children:..................................................................................................4
The case of occurrence of diabetes type 1 among the population of children at
Belconnen High School, Australia:........................................................................................5
Steps to be followed for primary prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus:.................6
Action plan for prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus:...........................................10
Conclusion:..................................................................................................................12
References:...................................................................................................................13

3PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus which is more commonly known as diabetes is associated with a
group of disorders related to several metabolic pathways in human body. This is a disorder in
which there is a rise in the blood sugar levels for a prolonged span of time (Soriguer et al.,
2012). Diabetes, when left untreated can lead to many other complications including
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, ketoacidosis. It can even lead to death if not diagnosed
and left untreated for a long time. Blood sugar is the most important energy source that
humans get through consumption of food. The hormone called insulin, which is made in the
pancreas, is required by the consumed glucose to be used by the cells for generation of
energy. In thepatients of diabetes, the production of the insulin hormone is not regulated
properly, that is there is either negligible or no production of insulin in the body, this as a
consequence interferes in the process of energy production through glucose in the cells
(Rezania et al., 2014). The glucose as a result remains unused in the body which cause
disruption of several processes in the human body.
The discussion in the report mainly elaborates about the occurrence ofdiabetes among
children and the ways it can be prevented. It also deals with the types of diabetes that occur
and the effects it has on the body. The type 1 diabetes mellitus is mainly considered in the
report. The discussion includes the strategies that are used by the physicians and recommend
the patients to apply to their situation.
The report will also put an emphasis on the management and rehabilitation process of
diabetes mellitus type 1 in children, in S.M.A.R.T. (specific, measureable, achievable,
realistic and timely) way.

4PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Discussion:
Classes of diabetes:
The disorder of diabetes is mainly divided into four classes type 1, type 2, gestational
and monogenic diabetes (Hayashino et al., 2012). Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absence
of insulin synthesis in the body, this happens as result of loss of the beta cells that produce
the hormone in the pancreas (Ashcroft &Rorsman, 2012). The destruction of the beta cells in
the pancreas, happens due to imbalanced working of the immune system. Type 2 diabetes is
characterized by irregular synthesis of the insulin hormone, which results in excessive
accumulation of glucose in the sufferers’ body (Oram et al., 2014). Both type 1 and type 2
diabetes mellitus are polygenic that is they are related to more than one genes (Davies et al.,
2013). Gestational diabetes is the development of diabetes in woman during the period of
pregnancy. This kind of diabetes does not require long treatment as it remains only during the
period of pregnancy, it is cured after the birth of the baby. Monogenic diabetes is a rare form
which results as a single gene mutation. In most of the cases of such diabetes, the gene is
inherited from the ancestors (Krug, 2016).
Diabetes in children:
In the last two decades, the incident of diabetes has drastically increased among
children (Dabelea et al., 2014). The causes of the disorder among them are noted to be
consumption of unhealthy food items, obesity, lack of activities and due to several genetic
factors. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are prevalent among children, the occurrence of type
1 diabetes mellitus is more common among the population of children and teenagers
suffering from the disorder (Patterson et al., 2014). The disorder is also termed as juvenile
diabetes nowadays, after the increase in occurrence of the disorder. The type 1 diabetes that
the children face, needs life-long assistance and treatment as the condition is not curable till

5PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
date (Atkinson et al., 2014). The symptoms of type 1 diabetes include increase in thirst and
frequency of urination, frequent desire to consume food, decrease in weight even after
adequate food consumption, occurrence of fatigue, occurrence of mood swing that is the
person has a number of behavioral changes, the children have a fruity breath because of
production of ketones, the patients also have a blurred vision because high levels of blood
sugar results in fluid pull from the eyes. The females also are seen to have yeast infection in
the genital areas due to glucose accumulation in those areas. The children suffering from type
2 diabetes have similar symptoms like that of type 1 diabetes, the patients also have itchy
skin, dry mouth and they take a long time to heal cuts and sores. The diagnosis of diabetes
among children generally remains neglected because of the lack of knowledge of their
parents about the occurrence of the disorder at such a tender age (King., 2016). The parents
fail to observe the symptoms that the children suffering from diabetes have. The delay of
diagnosis is a major reason of the disorder’s rise. If the children are diagnosed at the early
stage, the treatment becomes easier. The lower the metabolic disorders associated with it,
lesser the deterioration.
The case of occurrence of diabetes type 1 among the population of children atBelconnen
High School, Australia:
The development of diabetes mellitus among the children of Australia has attend
significant rise in the last decade (Johnson et al., 2013). A survey done by health official from
the government of Australia among the children of Belconnen High School. The school did
the survey as the attendance of the students in the school was very low in the age group of ten
to twelve due to several illnesses, this made the authorities of the school concerned and as a
result they informed the health department of the government of Australia. The symptoms of
the ailments that the students were suffering from, made the health inspectors to conduct a
checkup session on the students specifically for diabetes mellitus. The aim was to deduce an

6PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
inference of the degree of increase of diabetes among the student and work on the betterment
of the situation. The results showed that a large number of students (about 18%) in the age
group of eight to twelve show the symptoms of diabetes. Further examination results, showed
that about 11% of the student of the given age group had either of the types of diabetes
mellitus but the occurrence of the type 1 diabetes mellitus was far more than occurrence of
type 2 diabetes (Farsani et al., 2013).
The objective of the survey was to mainly evaluate the degree of deterioration of the
health of the children after the occurrence of type 1 diabetes in children by applying certain
methodologies, which are feasible. According to several surveys done by the World Health
Organization in different countries across the globe, the cases of diabetes remain unchecked
for a long period of time in the age group of ten to twelve due to lack of awareness. The
increase in promotion of the fact that diabetes is significantly rising among children will help
in depletion of the case. The school authorities should take this matter under consideration
and work for the future of the students (Dabelea et al., 2014). The school should conduct
regular checkups, so that no case of diabetes remains undiagnosed for long as the results may
be detrimental. They should keep in check, the food items that the pantries serve them as
consumption of large amount of carbohydrates can be lethal to the patients of both the types
of diabetes. For prevention of the disorder the parents of the students should also be given
proper lessons about the disorder so that they can act when they observe the symptoms in
their children (Davies et al., 2013). The student committee and the authorities of the school
are the prime organizations who can have an impact on the pupil and reduce the occurrence
of the disease.
Steps to be followed for primary prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus:
The phenomenon of type 1 diabetes in children is increasing with time due to several
lifestyle and environmental conditions. Preventing the problem is of high relevance in today’s

7PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
time because the health of the children is majorly affected due to this. The children who are
already suffering from it should be properly administered, the medicines available for
reducing the consequential effects of it. The process requires serious commitment of the
parents, caregiver as well as the children suffering from it, as the future of the sufferers can
totally be ruined if not taken due care of it, at the right time (King et al., 2012). Prevention
process needs the implementation of strategies at home as well as in the schools which will
be elaborated in the following paragraphs. The awareness about the seriousness of type 1
diabetes is required in the present scenario, among the parents and children. Management
strategies to prevent diabetes should be followed by the schools (Hilliard et al., 2013). The
committees should have a team to conduct surveys among the students on a regular basis. The
primary step for eradication of diabetes requires the involvement of the students as they are
the ones who can initially understand the symptoms when it takes place and get the diagnosis
done (Cafazzo et al., 2012).
The prevention of the disease requires the assessment of the condition in a S.M.A.R.T
way. The first and foremost step that is required to be taken is to educate the students,
teachers as well as the parents about type 1 diabetes. Educating people about the threat of
type 1 diabetes is crucial because, without the knowledge of the disease one cannot
understand the impact and the negativeoutcomesthat the disease can cause (Miller et al.,
2015). For educating the students, it is important for the authorities to plan programs
according to which, they can act and implement the strategies on a regular basis (Choudhary
et al., 2013).Giving lessons to the students about the ways helps in avoiding the disorder and
manage it if suffering from the same. The management process reduces the chances of further
deterioration of the condition of the patient. Assessment of several ways and programs to
keep the occurrence of the disease in check increases the efficiency of the planning process.
The parents of the children are the most important people who need to understand the

8PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
situation because they are the ones who are primarily going to take care of the sufferers when
needed. The process in which the disease can be avoided should be given emphasize on, so
that the parents get an insight of the ways they can deal with it. Studies on the surveys done
in many schools who are implementing strategies have shown that the degree has immensely
decreased after the inculcation of the strategies under the program. The students who were
suffering from diabetes were under the process and this lead to the enhancement of their
condition.
The second point that should be given importance is the role of proper diet to
maintain a healthy life. The food that a person eats, gives an idea of the fitness of the person
as it has a major role in building as well as deteriorating that person’s physique. The
consumption of excessive carbohydrate on a daily basis is one of the most important reasons
behind the occurrence of diabetes type 1 disease (Young et al., 2013). Nowadays, children are
more attracted to the junk foods available in the market than vegetable and fruits. The fast
foods mostly contain refined flours and monosaccharides like the food products of pizza,
burger, pasta and noodles. Consumption of such food materials leads to unregulated insulin
synthesis due to destruction of beta cells, that is the requirement of production of the
hormone increases with increase in carbohydrate consumption (Wolpert et al., 2013). As a
result, the children are prone to the occurrence of the disease. The consumption of green leafy
vegetable and fibrous food reduces the possibilityof type 1 diabetes, as it does not create
problems in the glucose metabolism pathway (Lipsky et al, 2012). Doctors recommend the
consumption of oat meals at least ones a day, this cuts down the influence of the consumed
carbohydratesas a balanced diet ensures a healthy life, proper diet is crucial for preventing the
disease.

9PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
The third category that is of major importance is the influence exercising in having a
healthy diabetes free life. The metabolism of one’s body increases and gets enhanced by the
process of exercising (Yardley et al., 2012). It helps to controls the levels of sugar or glucose
in the blood by decreasing the need of insulin hormone for regulation. In case of the children
suffering from type 1 diabetes, exercise decreases their body’s sensitivity towards insulin,
which is the core reason for development type 1 diabetes (Kennedy et al., 2013). The patients
of diabetes also have high blood pressure and weight related issues, these problems are also
kept in check when the patient exercise on a daily basis.
The three strategies discussed above for prevention of type 1 diabetes helps to
minimize the impact of the disease, although full recovery from it is yet under speculations.
One cannot be totally free from the disorder, critical understanding and evaluation of the
ways of prevention are still under research.

10PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Action plan for prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus:
Aim: To prevent chronic occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Objective Strategy Actions Outcome
measures
Outco
me
indicati
on
By whom? Timelin
e
1. To
preve
nt
occurr
ence
of
type 1
diabet
es
amon
g
childr
en of
Belco
nnen
High
Schoo
l in
the
age
group
of 10-
12
years.
Awarene
ss
program
involvin
g the
children
and their
parents.
- Baseline
measurem
ent of the
occurrenc
e of the
disease
- Set up
selection
criteria to
plan an
effective
program.
- Apply
selection
criteria
among the
children
- Provide
medical
support
- Post-
awareness
survey of
the impact
of
awareness
program
- Baseline
surveys
- Selection
criteria
documenta
tion
- Students’
applicatio
ns and
survey;
minutes of
selection
panel
- Receipts
of the
conductan
ce of the
program
- Post-
program
survey
The
awarene
ss
among
the
children
and
parents
resulted
in the
diagnos
is of the
disease
in many
children
.
Reduce
d the
major
impacts
that the
disease
would
have if
kept
untreate
d.
- Health
officials
of
governme
nt of
Australia.
- Authoritie
s of the
Belconnen
High
School
- Principal
- Teachers
2
months
2. Decre
ase
the
occurr
Type 1
diabetes
manage
ment
program
- Baseline
survey of
implement
ation of
- Baseline
surveys
Proper
diet lead
to the
enhance
ment of
- Students
- Family
- Authority
of
2
months

11PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
ence
of
type 1
diabet
es by
imple
menta
tion
of
prope
r diet
in a
span
of 2
month
s.
proper diet
in school
pantry
- Promotion
of the
program
among the
children in
a regular
basis
- Program
workshops
- Halfway
and Post-
program
measurem
ent of
implement
ation of
the
required
diet and
exercise.
- Invitation
letters,
emails,
SMS,
blackboar
d
announce
ments to
children
and their
parents
- Attendanc
e lists;
workshop
materials;
pictures
- Halfway
and post-
program
surveys/lo
g books
health
of the
children
Belconnen
High
School
- Program
coordinato
r
-
Nutritionist/Die
titian
3. Incor
porati
on of
exerci
se in
the
schoo
l
curric
ulum
- Dec
reas
e
obes
ity
in
chil
dren
- Exercise
classes in
the school
- Program
workshops
- Halfway
and post-
program
surveys/lo
g books
- Mandatory
physical
education
classes
every
week
- Reg
ular
exe
rcis
e
res
ulte
d in
incr
eas
ed
rate
of
met
abo
lis
m
am
ong
the
- Exercise
physiologi
st
- Physical
education
instructor
- Students
2
months

12PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
stu
den
ts.
Conclusion:
Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the menace of type 1
diabetes can have detrimental effects on children if not treated and taken care of, in time. The
occurrence of the disease can be reduced up to some extent by making people aware of the
fact that the disease can also effect children. The schools have a duty of taking proper
necessary steps to prevent the disease as it can affect the quality of interpretation of education
among children. Setting up and promotion of programs by the authority of schools, increases
the needed awareness about the disease. It helps in proper conductance of the situation by the
parents and the caregivers. Implementation of certain action plans helps in planning a
program and decreases the time taken for conductance. Type 1 diabetes mellitus as being
prevalent among children worldwide, needs major care giving and prevention techniques to
be implemented in all the schools across the globe. The risk of fatality due to the disease is
high and children dealing with it are under the risk of under developed growth and improper
metabolism. The condition should immediately be given attention to, to avoid constricted
development of the future generation. The future of the world, is in the hands of today’s
children, so to have a bright future of the nations’ worldwide, the children of every country
are important.

13PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
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17PREVENTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN