Primary Health Care Strategies | Essay

Running Head: PRIMARY HEALTH 0
Primary Health Care
Strategies
Student Name:
Student University:

PRIMARY HEALTH 1
Introduction
According to Assignment 1, the primary health issue is Alcohol that is going to be
discussed further in this Assignment 2 based on the concept and impact analysis. The
discussion is going to address the Alcohol as a health issue in Europe. This is based on
Primary Health Care Framework or Strategies for promoting health prevention related to
cultural competence and nursing practice impact on populations, individuals and
communities while determining the issue at global level for better outcomes.
Alcohol as a Health Issue in Europe
Across the globe, alcohol consumption is higher in Europe than anywhere else that
leads to a health issue for communities, individuals and populations. Due to alcohol, there are
pathological and physiological effects that simplify risk with the consequences of
intoxication. It consists of poisoning, injuries, and violence also with overall consumption
including cancer, cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease (EUPHA, 2017). So, it is essential for
Europe to develop alcohol policies comprehensively as per World Health Organisation
(WHO) that helps in preventing issues relation to alcohol. Hence, the focus of such policies
should be on social determinants from the perspective of public health for taking measures in
relation to harm reduction.
Social Determinants of Health (SDoH)
SDoH and Alcohol has a complex relationship within the perspective of equity where
the economic, social and health factors are influenced by alcohol consumption directly and
indirectly. However, any vulnerable situations can be intensified and created from alcohol
that is unemployment and drinking patterns are impacted subsequently. This shows that the
harms due to alcohol are majorly impacted by the alcohol consumption volume and its
pattern. SDoH issues include employment, housing, and education that require positive health
results where interventions address attempt of personal behaviour pattern or alcohol
consumption specifically (NEJM Catalyst, 2017). Though, factors such as income, age, and
sex have an influence on health and alcohol results significantly even when no single
economic or social determinant dominates. As per WHO, SDoH covers economics, food,

PRIMARY HEALTH 2
education, healthcare, social and environment based on the conditions related to working,
growing and living of individuals.
Moreover, there are inequalities in SDoH that needs to be estimated with life quality
related to health. It is not easy to demonstrate achieving health equity and improving health
outcomes as SDoH also plays a role in health equity and social justice. The social
determinants is major approach to achieve health equity where every individual has an
opportunity to attain health potential as a whole without any disadvantage from social
position or socially examined other circumstance. Social factors consists of stigma and
racism, poverty, lack of education, access to health care unequally affecting the access to care
and engaging ability of a member in relation to their health (Shokoohi, et al., 2019). Thus, the
interventions considered are daily living conditions, cultural, socio-economic and political
context, and health-related factors of individual. In Europe, the contribution in solving this
health issue within social justice and equity are the policies and guidelines related to alcohol
consumption and its harms. WHO noted the policies and guidelines related to alcohol
consumption are related to welfare, health and education widely while shaping the
distribution. So, the Alcohol Policy Index (API) was developed to composite measure for the
country’s strength of alcohol policies (Roche, Kostadinov, Fischer, & Nicholas, 2015).
European Commission prepared its own strategy based on alcohol for activity level
taking place with full range while analysing economic, health and social impact in Europe.
So, the alcohol policy was defined to serve the social well-being and public health interests
influencing social and health determinants. Moreover, the public health framework was
rooted for processing national, local, state, and international resources mobilization to make
sure about the conditions where individuals can be healthy based on WHO and UN (United
Nations) agency on matters in relation to health (IAS, 2017).
Epidemiological study
In Europe, epidemiological monitoring is done for providing guidance to “WHO
Member States” related to alcohol consumption and harm for aiming longer in terms of
quality improvement and to compare data related to alcohol. Further, the policy is to force
reduction in health inequalities related to alcohol depending on the interventions cost-
effectiveness. The study was based on deaths in Europe due to alcohol consumption based on
place, dose and demography for understanding better to inform the implementation and