Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3 Place of the primary health care in health systems strengthening and Alma Ata Declaration. . .4 How attitudes towards PHC have changed over time.................................................................5 Ways of appropriately updated and reassessed the relevance of PHC........................................7 Current emphasis of SDGs..........................................................................................................8 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION Primary healthcare refers to the whole society formulation to health and well being focused on characteristics and needs of individuals, community and families. It mainly focuses on interrelated and comprehensive aspect of mental, social and physical health as well as well- being of individual. It also provides person care for the health requirements throughout lifespan, not only for set of the specific diseases (Baum, 2016). Primary healthcare is non moving in commitment to the equality and social justice and also recognition of fundamental right to highest possible standards of health. This assignment will include case study about the primary healthcare and its strengths. PHC promotes wellness and health seeks to prevent illness and injuries. It's all about creating conditions which helps individuals to stay and become healthy and well. MAIN BODY Primary health care is very essential in every country. Countries around world agreed to Declaration of Astana, assuring to the strength primary health care systems are very important steps to achieve universal health coverage. Meeting maximum people's needs of health through protective, curative, preventive, rehabilitative and comprehensive promotive care thought the world. Primary health care is essential to achieve health related Sustainable Development Goals and the universal health coverage also. This will contributes attainment of various goals beyond health goal that include poverty, education, clean water, gender equality, work, economic growth and reducing inequality (Read and et. al., 2017). Primaryhealthcareisverywellpositionedtorespondtotherapideconomic, demographic and technological changes, all of that impact well being and health. Primary health care has proven to be highly efficient and effective way to address main risk and causes of poor health. It also includes key elements which are required to improve health security as also prevent the health threats like antimicrobial and epidemics resistance, through these measures as education, community engagement and rational prescribing essential public health functions as well as surveillance. This health care ensures individuals receive comprehensive care which ranges from prevention and promotion of treatment, palliative care and rehabilitation as near as feasible to individual's everyday environment. This also about extending reach of health care providers into the community. PHC is integral part of the country' health system, which isfirst level of the contact for people and their families andenables healthcare to provide close to the
people wherever they live. Primary health care is a wide concept within realms ofpublic health, health systems and clinical services which needs optimal performance from the various inter- related sectors. CASE Long before declaration of Alma Ata, India adopted primary healthcare model which was based on principlethat the inability to pay should not be a barrier for people from assessing the healthcare services. Primary health care described, located in Limb, community of approximate 10,000 individuals in Satara district which is part of Maharashatra state. This area is highly dependent on cash crops like sugar cane, flowers and vegetables. Established as fledgling health outpost in mid 1970, primary health care became sub centre responsible for the five communities in 1980s and then it is upgraded later, serving 20 villages and population of 47,000. study of community population of 3,326 is served by the primary health care (Putting People First: A Primary Health Care Success in Rural,2010). Facility is provided by two medical officers, one was since 1991 and the other was since 2005. In 2018,they had four health assistants, five multi-purposeworker,eight auxiliary nurse,onelaboratory technician,4 supervisor,one pharmacist and seven support staff. The main focus of this team was to provide a good quality of health services in the particular area so that people who are living in rural area can get primary health care such as hygiene, food, nutrition and primary treatment & prevention of diseases. Place of the primary health care in health systems strengthening and Alma Ata Declaration Strengthening primary health care is very essential in present global health policy initiatives. This healthcare is affordable which accessible to everybody in community and involves health promotion as well as disease prevention. Care provider has to be comprehensive such as addressing all the health issues in every patient at all the stages of life which will continue further. Care should be accessible to all local community. To improve the primary health care for that, patients has to be registered with person healthcare professionals, allowing care to be provided to whole population (Langford,Higgs and Fry, 2016). It is essential to strengthening the overall clinical practices and systems established in primary healthcare in order to boost up effectiveness care facilities provided to sick people for their welfare. However, it requires to focus on number of aspects of primary healthcare such as health care leadership, innovations in primary care, familymedicine specialists and effective & accountable health governance. Meanwhile, these factors can be be considered as specific steps in respect of
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improving the effectiveness of primary healthcare services which facilitate to increase patients outcomes respectively. In addition to this,it has been analysed PHC at global has been a great challenge due to disparity and diversity. It is observed that prevalence of disease varies significantly from North to South, East To West, rich to poor and urban to rural population. Moreover, some of other challenges which are evaluated like cultural beliefs language, literacy rates, social stigmas and general awareness among people which plays an important role to improve their health condition. Alma Ata declaration in the year of 1978 emerged as a major milestone for twentieth century in the field of public health in which primary health care become a key to achieve the goals of health for all. It involves the several criterion which has been declared in order to be focussed for attaining better health for people at global level. However, this conference strongly focus on physical, mental and social well being of people which is very important (Launer, 2017). In addition to this, it also involves discussion regarding gross inequality which impact in gaining care facilities by people because care provider and some factors of society differentiate between communities. Moreover, it is important to maintain equality among people and never differentiate between them while providing any kind of care services fort their wellness. The Alma Ata declaration also states they people has a tight & duty in order to participate individually as well as collectively in the procedure of planning and implementation of their healthcare. Meanwhile, it consist the criteria of primary health care that is considered as an essential healthcare based on practically, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology. It is necessary that such methods and technological techniques should be accessibleuniversally to individualsandfamiliesin communitiesthroughtheircomplete participation. Furthermore, it is significant to make sure that cost of care facilities in primary health care must be affordable for nations and communities to maintain at each stage of their development in the spirit of self reliance as well as self determination. It has been analysed that the major factors like equality and reasonable cost of medical facilities is required to be maintained in respect of improving better health of people at global level (Willis,Reynolds and Keleher, 2016). How attitudes towards PHC have changed over time Primary health care can be described as care services provided in community for people making an initial approach to medical practitioner for advice or treatment. Basically, it consist
the criteria of initial treatment or medications which is very important to be done as it is an effective approach to reduce chances of occurring complications in specific health condition of an individual. However, it is necessary to provide proper primary care facilities to every person by maintain factor of equality which facilitate to boost up overall health condition of citizens at global level. It involves the changed attitudes of people and care providers in context of giving medical facilities to needy individuals for their wellness. There are certain factors which are responsible for improve attitudes of citizens towards primary health care in which few of them are described below. Improved education– The level of increased education facilitate changes in attitudes of people due which they have come to know the value of overall healthcare. It involves new thoughts of citizens globally which are about to improve care facilities for every person regarding their welfare (Cummings,2016). Moreover, may individuals ends smoking and intake of alcohol by knowing their harmful impacts on health. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide education to each person so that they should know the value and important to primary health care for an individual. Strict legislations– There are number of legislations having their own criteria like Aged care act 1997, Aged Care Legislation Amendment (Increasing Consumer Choice) Act 2016, Australian Aged Care Quality Agency Act 2013, Healthcare Identifiers Act 2010, Medical Indemnity Act 2002 and many more. Similarly, other countries also have similar legislations to remove inequality and improve care services for wellness of people in international context. Increased awareness– This involves the improve knowledge and information level about important of primary health care is responsible for facilitating changes in attitude of people towards PMC. It involves that people have analysed that appropriate primary health care facilities are required because they plays a significant role to reduce occurrence of further complications (Maruish,2017). Moreover, improved information level of people results into gaining better medical services to become well-being. Training & learning of care providers –The training sessions and learning programs encourage care providers to maintain equality at the time of providing care facilities. It consist the fact that training sessions facilitate change in attitudes of medical professionals to give proper services to each person for their wellness along with removing factor of inequality at global level.
Ways of appropriately updated and reassessed the relevance of PHC The updation of primary health care is essential in order to increase effectiveness of clinical practices and procedures which helps to boost up patient outcomes. It is necessary for care provides authorities or agencies, government and social carers to focus on aspects in which PMC can be upgrade itself at global level. Meanwhile, it is essential to utilise advance technology and other innovations in clinical practices which facilitate to maintain proper records and conduct immediate actions for wellness of particular patient. In addition to this, up gradation id beneficial for improving overall health level of citizens in context of international population (Thomas,2017). Moreover, here are number of aspects that are required to be focussed regarding updation of PMC in which some of them are given below. Utiliseadvancedtechnologicalsystem–Thetechnologicaladvancementisvery important in primary health care as it facilitate to provide better services in order to make an individual well-being as soon s possible. It consist the criteria fort care practitioners to use innovative technological aids and devices for providing appropriate medical facility in lees duration of time. Moreover, PMC requires updation in terms of advanced technology at global level for increasing speed of delivering care services respectively. Drive improvements– The organisational policies and regulations are also required to be upgrade through making their more strict and effective in order to facilitate equality while giving medical services to sick people globally. Itis essential to implement strict rules for care practitioners which increase discipline and accuracy of decision making to render appropriate medication in PMC. Training and personnel– The regular training and learning sessions should be carried out for improving skills and abilities of medical professionals which impacts positively on their performance as well as patient outcomes. However, it is necessary to determine need of learning events through conducting inspections by external agencies and organise training seminars for improving efficiencies if care professionals (Hassona and et. al., 2016). In addition to this, it is also important to analysed the availability of employees in relevant institutions to facilitate easy access of care facilities by desired people. Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage– This can be desc5ribed as Primary health care initiative in which bridge has been established among gap between theory and practice by bringing together national and sub- national change agents to facilitate joint
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learning & support the development. It involves the development in context of specific, evidence based solutions to boost up financing, quality, access and performance measurements in primary health care. Current emphasis of SDGs Sustainable development goals (SDGs) present a broader scope and take a holistic multi sectoral approach to development as opposed to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It involves the sustainable development goals related to primary health care which provide support to improve overall health of population at global level. Meanwhile, it consist several aspects such as financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services and access to secure effective, quality as well as affordable essential vaccines & medicines for all people. However, it involves number of goals including to make sure healthy lives along with promoting well-being for all at all ages in context of international population (Mitchell and et. al., 2017). In addition to this,toensureinclusiveandequatablequalityeducationandpromotelifelonglearning opportunities for all. Moreover, to implement advanced technology in primary health care for boosting up effectiveness clinical practices and procedures which facilitate to improve patient outcomes. On the other hand, it involves to reduce global maternal mortality ratio and end preventable deaths of newborns & children under 5 years of age having an aim of reducing neonatal mortality. However, it consist to end the epidemics of AIDs, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical disease & combat hepatitis, water borne disease and other communicable disease. Moreover, it also include the criteria to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drugs as well as harmful abuse of alcohol. In context of factor of equality, the goal is about to make sure that every girls & boy will get easy access to primary care services in order to avoid further complications accordingly (Clark and et. al., 2018). In addition to this, it also involves to eliminate gender disparities and differentiation based on other several factors which is observed when care facilities are provided in primary health care. Furthermore, it is necessary to focus on sustainable development goals which are helpful to boost up health condition of overall population at global level.
CONCLUSION From the above report, it has been concluded that primary healthcare can be described as to the whole society formulation to health and well being to address related neds of individuals and communities. It includes Alma Ata declaration which states about to improving mental, physical and social being of people. However, it consist the factors facilitating changes in attitudes of people towards primary health care including improved education, strict legislations, increased awareness and training & learning of care providers. Moreover, it involves ways of appropriateupdationinPMCincludingutiliseadvancedtechnologicalsystem,drive improvements, training & personnel and joint learning network for universal health coverage
REFERENCES Books and journals Baum, F., 2016.The new public health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. Read, P. and et. al., 2017. Delivering direct acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C to highly marginalised and current drug injecting populations in a targeted primary health care setting.International Journal of Drug Policy,47, pp.209-215. Langford, M., Higgs, G. and Fry, R., 2016. Multi-modal two-step floating catchment area analysis of primary health care accessibility.Health & place,38, pp.70-81. Launer, J., 2017.Narrative-based primary care: a practical guide. CRC Press. Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. eds., 2016.Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences. Cummings, N. A., 2016. Behavioral health in primary care: Dollars and sense. InPsyche’s Prophet(pp. 141-155). Routledge. Maruish, M.E. ed., 2017.Handbook of psychological assessment in primary care settings. Taylor & Francis. Thomas, P., 2017.Integrating Primary Healthcare: leading, managing, facilitating. CRC Press. Hassona, Y. and et. al., 2016. Factors influencing early detection of oral cancer by primary health-care professionals.Journal of Cancer Education,31(2), pp.285-291. Mitchell, L. J. and et. al., 2017. Effectiveness of dietetic consultations in primary health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,117(12), pp.1941-1962. Clark, B. A. and et. al., 2018. Non-binary youth: Access to gender-affirming primary health care.International Journal of Transgenderism,19(2), pp.158-169. Online Putting People First: A Primary Health Care Success in Rural.2010. [Online]. Available Through:<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940196/>