Primary Viral Pneumonia Concomitant Assignment

Evaluation Table
Evidence-Based Project, Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research
References Article #1 Article #2 Article #3 Article #4
Aguado, M. T., Barratt, J.,
Beard, J. R., Blomberg,
B. B., Chen, W. H.,
Hickling, J., ... Ortiz, J.
R. (2018). Report on
WHO meeting on
immunization in older
adults: Geneva,
Switzerland, 22–23
March 2017. Vaccine,
36(7), 921–931. doi:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.1
2.029
Heo, J. Y., Song, J. Y.,
Noh, J. Y., Choi,
M. J., Yoon, J. G.,
Lee, S. N., Cheong,
H. J., & Kim, W. J.
(2018). Effects of
influenza
immunization on
pneumonia in the
elderly. Human
Vaccines &
Immunotherapeutic
s, 14(3), 744–749.
Samuel, R., & Miller,
J. (2019). Is the
influenza vaccine
effective in
decreasing
infection,
hospitalization,
pneumonia, and
mortality in healthy
adults?. The Journal
of the Oklahoma
State Medical
Association, 112(3),
86–87.
Yeh, L.-T., Chan,
C.-H., Yang, S.-
F., Yeh, H.-W.,
Yeh, Y.-T.,
Wang, Y.-H.,
Chou, M.-C.,
Yeh, C.-B., &
Teng, Y.-H.
(2019).
Association of
Consecutive
Influenza
Vaccinations
and Pneumonia:
A Population-
Based Case-
Control Study.
International
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Critical Appraisal Tool
Worksheet Template

Journal Of
Environmental
Research And
Public Health,
16(6).
Evidence Level *
(I, II, or III)
 Level IV Level III Level II
Conceptual Framework There was no framework but
expert reviews based on WHO
guidelines
Influenza is a common
pathogen that is linked to
respiratory infections
affecting about 20% of
the population.
Occurrence is often
exacerbated by increased
morbidities. For this
reason, vaccination is the
underlying measure for
management
The article offers a
meta-analysis reviews
on various articles
focusing on the
influenza vaccine
The theory
framework underlies
the mechanism of
influenza disease
across the elderly
populations and
underlying
complications
Design/Method Expert review analysis A meta-analysis of
influenza vaccine studies
Meta-analysis review Case-control study
Sample/Setting Participants included
academics and industry
researchers, funders, civil
society organizations,
implementers of global health
Assessed case-control
and cohort studies
The study assessed
Cochrane review
studies entailing 22
studies, systematic
review, observational
Hospital care setting
among pneumonia
patients with 7565
subjects
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interventions, and
stakeholders
case-control studies
Major Variables Studied
Topical discussion on
vaccination process
- There was an elavated
levels of pneumonia
injection with
influenza infection in
chronically ill patients
- Influenza vaccine is
effective in managing
pneumonia occurrence
Effectiveness of
influenza vaccine
Effectiveness of
influenza vaccine
Measurement Expert reviews A thematic analysis
based on the reviewed
studies
- flu vaccine
effectiveness in
preventing ILI was
OODS RATIO
-
No disease and
disease group
assessment
Vaccination
intervals between
occurrence of
pneumonia and
vaccinations
Data Analysis Statistical or
Qualitative findings
Qualitative analysis - trivalent inactivated
influenza vaccine
showed 59% efficacy
(95% CI, 51–67%)
- reduced pneumonia- or
influenza-related
hospitalizations (25–
53%) across meta-
- based on the
effectiveness level
of the studies
Patients vaccinated
for tow years
consecutive at (aOR
= 0.85, confidence
interval (CI) =
0.79⁻0.93 and aOR =
0.75, CI = 0.67⁻0.85,
respectively) showed
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