Project Management and Organisational Structure

This assignment requires students to explore various project management research frameworks, including those that integrate multiple theoretical perspectives and influencing factors. It also involves analyzing organisational structures, such as the construction organisation design, and stakeholder management in a global environment. The assignment covers topics like distributed agile project management, success models of project management information systems, and the influence of business strategy on project portfolio management.

Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Explain the background and principle of project management.............................................1
1.2 Appraise the viability of projects, developing success/ failure criteria.................................2
1.3 Explain the principles behind project management systems and procedure.........................3
1.4 Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project
appraisals ....................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Identify the most appropriate organisational structure, roles and responsibilities of
participants within a project........................................................................................................5
2.2 Conduct and co-ordinate a project........................................................................................7
2.3 Assess project leadership requirements and qualities...........................................................8
2.4 Plan and specify human resources and requirements for a project.......................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Prepare project plans and establish the project organisation................................................9
3.2 Apply project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques.....................................11
3.3 Analyse the methods used to measures project performance .............................................11
3.4 Explain project change control procedures.........................................................................12
3.5 Evaluate the completed project...........................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
.......................................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Project management is important concept because it helps to manage and control project
related activities and operations in a significant manner. Therefore in which included several
necessary terms objective, planning, executing, controlling and so more. Thus, management is
one of the important aspect because with the help this significantly achieve the goals and
objectives as well as it assist to get success in a appropriate manner. In this report ADCO
Contraction is a leading and largest national contraction company, thus it is effectively delivering
the several project across the Australia (Kerzner, 2013). This assignment will discussing about
background and principle of project management. Additionally, will effectively elaborating the
key elements involved in terminating projects. In the other hand, there will be defined
appropriate organisational structure as well as roles and responsibilities of participants. In this
last will be produced an effective project plan in the proper schedule, estimations and cost. After
that will will be used appropriate methods and techniques then evaluate and analyse the result of
this plan.
TASK 1
1.1 Explain the background and principle of project management
Project background can be consider as a important element because as per this will
prepared a effective project for achieving goals and objectives. Therefore, this is a simple and
proper statement about project, in which included all over information and data about project.
With the help of this effectively identify and analyse the actual needs and problems will should
be carried out in a effective and efficient way (Larson and Gray, 2013). Apart from this,
background of project helps to provide a appropriate over view about project so that employers
will effectively decide the needs and purpose of the project. Apart from this, project is a
important aspect in which included more detailed information, goals, objectives, needs,
problems, challenges, methods, approaches and so more.
Moreover, for getting success as well as for achieving the goals and objectives so there
are included some effective and major principles which all are required while constructing the
project. These principles plays important role thus it is necessary to be effective consider all over
them in a appropriate style. Apart from this, there are defining the important principles of project
such as follows:
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 Project structure: Generally, within the project three elements are very essential such as
quality, resources and time. Therefore, in the project structure should be effectively
decide the goals, timeline, milestones and so more. Thus, all over project activities and
operations are totally based on project structure.(Meredith and Mantel, 2011).
 Definition phase: In the context of definition phase, it is one of the important stage of
project construction process because due to this sometimes creates problems and issues
when definition not clear as well as large number of stakeholders are included in the
project process.
 Clear goals and objectives: The project manager is responsible for achieving decided
project goals n objectives. Due to this, it is necessary to be all goals and targets must be
defined using the SMART method.
 Transparency about project status: The project manager are responsible to provide
actual status and position with a effective short term brief about project to all over
stakeholders of the project.
 Risk recognition: In the last it is the major duty of project manager must be identify and
evaluate the risks regularly. Thus, while working on any kind of project then have to be
face problems and risks. Further, it is necessary to be effectively analyse and reduce them
with the help of methods and techniques.
1.2 Appraise the viability of projects, developing success/ failure criteria
Project appraisals can be carried out as an important process because in this procedure
effectively appraise the project such as its structure, proceeding of proposal,m validity of project
and so more. Therefore, for getting success as well as for achieving targets and goals then there
can be used several different type of techniques and methods such as economic appraisal and
decision analysis technique (De Bakker, Boonstra and Wortmann, 2010).
Apart from this, in the context of success and failure criteria every project manager seeks
to be get success as well as achieve decided targets and goals in effective and efficient manner.
Therefore, the features of successful project in which included systematically arranged all
activities and operations, set requirements, effective channels and methods, clear
communication, appropriate reporting process, formal change management system, effective
team leadership and so more. All these aspects helps full for getting success as well as tatting
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decided goals and objectives of project. In the other hand, in some of the condition project will
be fail such as while all activities and operations are not effectively arranges, not appropriate
time schedule, ineffective management system, not delivering project on decided time period and
so more. Due tom all these contents creates problems and issues while working on project thus it
is necessary to be all these contents must be effective set in a systematic process.
1.3 Explain the principles behind project management systems and procedure
Basically, project management system can be carried out as an important system because
it helps to get success as well as it assist to achieving targets and goals. Therefore, project
management system can be determine all over project tasks, time schedule, required and
necessary resources, major issues and risks. With the help of this system effectively can be set
and arrange all these aspects and operations in a systemic process (Meskendahl, 2010). So that
all team members will impressively perform their tasks. Apart from this, behind the project
management system has some important principles which should be effectively followed by
project manager such as follows:
 Should meet the client's expectations
 Meet project time limit and liability
 Take care about project revenue margins
 Effectively arranged and organised all required resources and proper utilisation of them
 Systematically accomplish the facts for taking appropriate decisions
 Confirming the required resources are should used on the right plans and right time.
In the other hand, project management system is a process in which included steps which
elaborating under follows:
Steps Explanation
Project conception and initiation In the first stage of this process effectively analyse and
examine the appropriate idea for a project whether or not
important and beneficial for organisation.
Project definition and planning After this project charter prepare the scope, outlines,
arranged all activities and operations in systematic
manner, calculate budget, schedule, required resources,
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time period and so more.
Project launch or execution In this step of this process all resources and tasks should
distributed with team members as well as informed their
major responsibilities.
Performance and control In this stage, project manager will effectively compare
with pre decided standard of project to actual progress of
actual plan as well as resources performance and
scheduled work.
Close In this last stage of this process project tasks are
completed with appropriate outcomes then client will be
approved its result.
1.4 Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project
appraisals
Project termination is one of the important aspect and decision which has been taken by
the project manager and controlled by board of company in effective and efficient manner. The
stakeholders of the project has some exceptions for project manager as well as towards project
when they failed in getting success in project that time selected project will be terminated by the
project manager. In this situation, team members are also scared towards their career because
these type of situations are developed negative consequences for staff members (Cervone, 2011).
Apart from this, there are included some elements due to this project termination has done by
project manager such as follows:
 Technical issues and problems
 Requirements and needs for project result are not effectively clear and authentic
 Lack of project planning
 Ineffective risk management system
 Human resources, tools, techniques, materials are not available.
 Lack of management system support
 Lack of customers support
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Apart from this, project appraisal is a effective process because with the help of this will
systematically analyse and evaluate the project and identify project is approve or reject. With the
help of this effectively identify the needs and problems, developing appropriate solutions,
conducting feasibility analysis option, identify the factors and causes etc. In the other words, this
method helps to take corrective action while working on any kind of project. Additionally, it
assist to identify major issues and problems of project so that can be solved by project manager
by appropriate solutions (Alves and et. al., 2012). Therefore, in this stage project manager
effectively arrange the all over project activities and operations with proper time schedule so that
team members will effectively perform their operations as well as achieve their decided targets in
a effective and efficient way.
TASK 2
2.1 Identify the most appropriate organisational structure, roles and responsibilities of
participants within a project
Illustration 1: Organisation structure of ADCO contraction company
(Source- Contraction organisation design, 2017)
In the context of organisation structure, in which identify the working style, design,
system and so more of a particular company. Therefore, as per represented organisation structure
of ADCO contraction company, in this structure all over organisation are categorised into three
section such as top, middle and lower level (Unger and et. al., 2012). Hence, as per the level of
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employees divide and distributes their responsibilities so that they can effectively perform their
tasks and operations (Contraction organisation design, 2017). In the context of top level
management general manager is the head person of company which have all rights and powers to
take decisions and action towards any thing and any situation. Under this included middle level
employees such as managers who take care of all over projects and operations in effective
manner as well as on time to time analyse and evaluate the performance and success level of
project. In this last involves, R&D, marketing, Quality control, engineering, analysis departments
(Chou, 2011).
In the other hand, while preparing project then several participants are involved thus
their roles and responsibilities are also different form each others. Additionally, there are
defining roles and responsibilities of participants in project such as follows:
 Project manager: Project manager is a person who working with authority to manage a
project. Thus, he is the responsible to manage all over operations and activities of project
in effective and efficient manner.
 Project team members: Project team members are responsible for working effectively
and efficient manner so that they can get success.
 Change control board: This department responsible for control and manage any
changes which have to be done by project manager.
 Data base administrator: The one of the major responsibility of data bases
administrator that prepared model, design, table which can used for resolve problems and
issues.
 Designer: The major responsible and role of designer is prepare and provide appropriate
design for completing the project in a appropriate style (Tadeu de Oliveira Lacerda and
et. al., 2011).
 Developers: Developer is the responsible for develop and identify the actual and
appropriate solution for responsible problems and issues in a systematic manner.
Apart from this, while preparing a effective project in effective and efficient manner so
that there is required to be all objectives and activities/ operations must be systematically
arranged as well as responsibilities must be distributed to all participants as per their post and
works. Proper management and distribution of duties assist to creates effective environment as
well as team members will significantly complete or perform their tasks. Therefore, all
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participants has their different roles and responsibilities which should be effectively and
systematically perform by them so that project manage will get success as well as achieve their
decided tasks and objectives in a appropriate style. In this light, management system plays
important role because it assist to manage and control all over activities and operations of project
process due to this team members systematically perform their operations additionally
effectively full fill their responsibilities and duties as well (Lee and Yong, 2010).
2.2 Conduct and co-ordinate a project
For preparing a effective project for selected contraction company so there are included
some stages because it is a continues process. It should be effective and efficient inn nature
because in which all operations and activities are systematically arranged due to this project
manager will effectively achieve their decided targets and goals and as well as get success,.
Therefore there are explaining how to make a project such as follows:
 Pre planning: This is the first stage of project planning process in which stage prepare a
effective plan as well as decide goals and objectives in effective and efficient manner.
Thus, identifying the goals and objective cannot get success. Due to it is necessary to be
clear objectives and goals of the project.
 Discovery: After preparing the plan have to be discover the time limits, required
resources, mission, purposes, stakeholders, budget and so more. All these aspects or
contents are sentential in projects due to this it is necessary to be effectively arrange and
manage all these aspects in a effective and efficient style (Shi, 2011).
 Design: In this stage of project conducting process prepare a outlines and layout. In
which all operations and activities are systematically set with required time limits which
necessary for completing them in effective way.
 Develop: After completing the design of project have to be develop an effective project
as per the expectations and goals. In which included coding, environmental testing, stress
testing, backup, recovery procedure and so more.
 Implementation and follow up: In the last stage of this procedure then effectively
implement the plan in action as well as responsibilities and duties have to be effectively
performed by project tea so that they can get success in a systematic process. In this
process all operations and activities must be effectively managed and arranged.
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2.3 Assess project leadership requirements and qualities
Leadership is one of the important quality in a person because with the help of this a
person can effectively lead to other or their followers towards their works and tasks so that they
can effectively perform their tasks as well as get success (Eskerod and Huemann, 2013). In the
context of project management leadership quality is very beneficial for project manager and team
members. For getting success it is required to be select a leader so that it can give appropriate
guidelines and directions to their followers towards their tasks and works. With the help of
leadership quality their followers effectively perform their allotted operations. Project leader
should be skilled and capable as well as have some management quality so that they can
significantly manage and control all over team members of the project.
Additionally he should be have effective communication skills because it plays very
important role with the help of effective communication he can make mutual understanding as
well as creates better relationships with all team members. Due to this they will perform their
tasks in unity. Apart from this, for managing and controlling project activities and operations
have to be required implement management system because with the help of this systematically
arrange all business activities and operations as per their priorities. Due to this, all team members
will effectively get success and attain goals and objectives in a impressive style. In this last,
appropriate leadership quality and skills are beneficial for getting success as well as attain targets
and goals. Thus, leadership is a important aspect and quality in a person which effective give
required guidelines, suggestions, directions and ideas to team members so that they can
systematically perform their operations as well as they can understand how to they can get
success in a effective way.
2.4 Plan and specify human resources and requirements for a project
As per above defined, project plan is a important aspect because in which included all
over necessary things related to the project such as goals, objectives, time schedule, resources,
needs, purposes, stakeholders, budget and so more. All these contents must be effectively
arranged due to this all team members will effectively perform their operations and activities as
well as getting success. Apart from this, human resource management can be understand as a
important aspect because it assist to manage and control all over human resources of the
company. With the help of this system effectively allocate the tasks and works to team members
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per their capabilities and skills so that they can effectively perform their operations with better
and effective quality.
In the context of project there are included some important human resources such as
project manager, project team member, designer, planner, data base administrator, controller,
manager and so more. All these human resources are plays very important because all the
necessary tasks and activities are allotted between all over them as per their position and
capabilities and skills as well. Due to this they can effectively perform their operations as well as
face any kind of problems and issues (Hanisch and Wald, 2011).
For getting success and achieving goals and objectives in project so that there have some
requirements which should be effectively full fill in a impressive manner. Apart from this, there
are defining the major requirements for projects such as follows:
 Prepare a effective plan
 Identify the goals and objectives
 Allotting major responsibilities and duties to team members as per their skills and
capabilities
 Change management system
 Effective rules, regulations, polices and so more.
TASK 3
3.1 Prepare project plans and establish the project organisation
Project plan is a important aspect which can be consider as a process because in which all
activities and operations are effectively complete in a impressive way. Further it assist to getting
success as well as with the help of this significantly achieve the targets and goals. There are
included some stages such as follows:
Steps Explanation
Explain the project plan to key stakeholders
and discuss its key components
For preparing a plan have to be follow a
effective process. Thus in the first stage of this
procedure, in which identify and determine the
major stakeholders of the project as well as
examine the key components which helps in
getting success as well as achieving tasks and
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objectives.
Define roles and responsibilities In the next stage of this plan have to be define
and distribute the responsibilities and duties to
all team members so that they can understand
what they have to be perform as well as what
their responsibilities have to be followed.
Hold meeting After allotting duties and responsibilities to
team members have to be conduct a meeting so
that in which all team members can take
chance as well as can their ideas and views
with each others.
Develop scope statement In this stage of project plan decide scope as
well as describe the outcomes or result of
project plan which project manager seeks to be
achieve in future as well as in a impressive
manner.
Develop scope baseline After decided the scope of project then have to
prepare a effective scope baseline in which
project manager have to be used work
breakdown structure method for managing and
controlling the all activities and operations.
Develop the schedule and cost baseline In the next of their plan process have to be
effectively prepare a schedule as well as
required cost for completing the operations
with proper time line.
Analyse project quality and risk After this have to set standard of project quality
as well as analyse and estimate the risks and
issues which can be faced by team members
while working on project.
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Implementation In the last step of this plan implement the
project plan in action.
3.2 Apply project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques
Steps Scheduling Estimating (Dollar)
Explain the project plan to
key stakeholders and discuss
its key components
10 to 15 days 200
Define roles and
responsibilities
5-7 days 50-70
Hold meeting 2-3 days 500
Develop scope statement 15-20 days 1000-2000
Develop scope baseline 5-10 days 1000-1500
Develop the schedule and cost
baseline
20-25 days 5000-7000
Analyse project quality and
risk
1 month 1000-2000
Implementation 10-15 days 5000-10000
3.3 Analyse the methods used to measures project performance
While working on any project then it is necessary to be analyse and measure performance
and status of the project in effective and efficient manner. Therefore, effective measurement
result helps to take appropriate decision as well as helps in achieving goals and objective in a
impressive style (Memon and et. al., 2011). Apart from this there are explaining some major
techniques which can be used by project manager for evaluating and measuring the performance
such as follows:
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 Performance review: Performance review is one of the important technique for
identifying and examining result and performance of project because in which conducting
meeting for assess the status of project. This meeting held in weekly, quarterly and
months within the organisation.
 Trend analysis: This method can be used for analysing and examining the result and
outcomes thus with the help of this technique identify the actual performance of project
whether it is improving or deteriorating. Basically, this method used for long term project
because in which compare the project status in the several period such as 3 months, 4
months and 6 months.
 Information distribution tools and techniques: This technique can be used for
collecting and gathering necessary information about project which provided to
stakeholders of the project in a timely manner. Apart from this, it is necessary to be
collect actual and reliable information about project.
3.4 Explain project change control procedures
Change control process plays important role because it helps to manage and control all
over activities and operations after implementing the changes in action. Sometimes while
working on project necessary and required to be implement some effective changes in action in
effective and efficient manner. Further, changes are directly impacts on working performance
and style of team members that can be either positive or negative in nature (Todorović and et. al.,
2015). Apart from this there are included some major stages such as follows:
 Define the changes: In the first stage of this process have to be effectively identify and
measure the changes in project. Thus, it is necessary to be identify the requirements of
modification because it helps to get success as well as assist to achieve goals and
objectives.
 Submit and review the changes request: After analysing and collecting information
about changes then prepare a report which have to submit to top management and project
manager.
 Define option: In the next stage provides and define several options for implementing
the changes and modification in project which provided by top management of tghe4
company.
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 Final decision and approval: This is the last stage of change control procedure in which
take final decision and approval by project manager (Lee and Yu, 2012).
3.5 Evaluate the completed project
Project planning is one of the important aspect because in which all necessary
components and activities are effectively arranged in a systematic process. After implementing
the project in action it is necessary to be effectively analyse and examine the result and outcomes
of the project plan. With the help of this effectively identify project can be get success or not in
future. Therefore, for analysing and evaluating the project performance can be used several type
of project evaluating techniques and methods (Huemann, 2010).
Apart from this project evaluation can be carried out as a important process for getting
success as well as for attaining goals and objectives of the project. With the help of this process
systematically identify the actual result or outcomes of project process as well as estimate the
success level of project in future.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that project management is one
the important concept because it helps to managed and controlled project activities and
operations in effective and efficient manner. There has been defined project manage process as
well as required components which helps to got success and achieved tasks and objectives.
Additionally there has been elaborated key participants in project such as project manager,
project team members, developer, data base administrator and so more as well as their role and
responsibilities also here has been defined in a effective and efficient style. Therefore, there has
been produced an effective project plan an that explained in a systematic manner as well as
systematically set their scheduling, estimating . In this last has been effectively evaluate the the
actual result and outcomes of project.
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REFERENCES
Books, Online and Journals
Alves, A. C. and et. al., 2012. Project Based Learning in first year, first semester of Industrial
Engineering and Management: some results. project management. 19. p.20.
Cervone, H. F., 2011. Understanding agile project management methods using Scrum. OCLC
Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives. 27(1). pp.18-22.
Chou, J. S., 2011. Cost simulation in an item-based project involving construction engineering
and management. International Journal of Project Management. 29(6). pp.706-717.
De Bakker, K., Boonstra, A. and Wortmann, H., 2010. Does risk management contribute to IT
project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence. International Journal of Project
Management. 28(5). pp.493-503.
Eskerod, P. and Huemann, M., 2013. Sustainable development and project stakeholder
management: what standards say. International Journal of Managing Projects in
Business. 6(1). pp.36-50.
Hanisch, B. and Wald, A., 2011. A project management research framework integrating multiple
theoretical perspectives and influencing factors. Project Management Journal. 42(3).
pp.4-22.
Huemann, M., 2010. Considering Human Resource Management when developing a project-
oriented company: Case study of a telecommunication company. International Journal
of Project Management. 28(4). pp.361-369.
Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Larson, E. W. and Gray, C., 2013. Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS
Project. McGraw-Hill.
Lee, S. and Yong, H. S., 2010. Distributed agile: project management in a global environment.
Empirical Software Engineering. 15(2). pp.204-217.
Lee, S. K. and Yu, J. H., 2012. Success model of project management information system in
construction. Automation in construction. 25. pp.82-93.
Memon, A. H. and et. al., 2011. Factors affecting construction cost in Mara large construction
project: perspective of project management consultant. International Journal of
Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology. 1(2). pp.41-54.
Meredith, J. R. and Mantel Jr, S. J., 2011. Project management: a managerial approach. John
Wiley & Sons.
Meskendahl, S., 2010. The influence of business strategy on project portfolio management and its
success—a conceptual framework. International Journal of Project Management. 28(8).
pp.807-817.
Shi, Q., 2011. Rethinking the implementation of project management: A Value Adding Path Map
approach. International journal of project management. 29(3). pp.295-302.
Tadeu de Oliveira Lacerda, R. and et. al., 2011. A performance measurement view of IT project
management. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
60(2). pp.132-151.
Todorović, M. L. and et. al., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based
approach in project management. International Journal of Project Management. 33(4).
pp.772-783.
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Unger, B. N. and et. al., 2012. Enforcing strategic fit of project portfolios by project termination:
An empirical study on senior management involvement. International Journal of Project
Management. 30(6). pp.675-685.
Online
Contraction organisation design. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_organisation_design
>. [Accessed on 17th October, 2017].
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