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This report intends to analyse the various project management methods and techniques that could be used by the Auckland transport authority for improving the transportation system and allow more public to avail the services. Answer of question 1 a) Project management could be described as application of effective knowledge, tools, skills as well as the techniques for protecting the activities for meeting the requirements of projects (Kerzner, 2017).

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Running head: PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................2
Answer of question 1.....................................................................................................2
Answer of question 2.....................................................................................................6
Answer of question 3.....................................................................................................8
Conclusion....................................................................................................................10
Reference......................................................................................................................12
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Presently, Auckland has grown to be the major city and the crucial centre for
transportation in New Zealand. This city is located within North Island and it has become the
most crowded urban part in the country with the population that has been estimated over 1.42
million around 2014. The country is facing the issue of inefficient transportation system for
the common public and majority of the public transport provided to the common public is not
functioning properly. This report intends to analyse the various project management methods
and techniques that could be used by the Auckland transport authority for improving the
transportation system and allow more public to avail the services. Project management could
be described as practice of the initiation, planning, executing, controlling and completing any
work of the team to achieve any particular goals plus meet the specific success criteria at any
particular time.
Answer of question 1
a) Project management could be described as application of effective knowledge,
tools, skills as well as the techniques for protecting the activities for meeting the requirements
of projects (Kerzner, 2017). The projects are primarily small and big and have lot of moving
parts. For ensuring that the project of improving plan of Auckland transport is executed
successfully within the allocated timeline and the allocated resources, it to be divided into
significantly smaller and adjustable pieces, which are referred as the project phases. The
project phase allows the project manager in taking the unwieldy project and then organise the
project for gaining proper understanding and make effective progress (Meredith et al., 2017).
The processes of project management could be categorised into the five major categories,
which are the initiating, plan, execute, control, and finally close. All through the project
phases, there is constant need of monitoring and reporting, which could be simplified with the
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
help of project management tools (Harrison & Lock, 2017). Without the proper tools of
project management, gathering the actionable data, tracking the progress and meeting the
deadlines would be significantly difficult for the project manager. Combining the five phases
of any project, the project management lifecycle could be determined that specifies the
overall life of any project (Heagney, 2016). Project management is particularly important in
the Alliance group of New Zealand because it provides:
Strategic alignment: The project management is crucial for Alliance group because it
helps in ensuring that all the products and services being developed during the project is
accurate and would deliver the real value against business opportunity. The organisation
considers the project management to be valuable because it helps in ensuring that there is
significant rigor in the architecting of projects appropriately so that it fits properly within the
wide context of the strategic framework of the client (Fleming & Koppelman, 2016).
Risk management: The project management is valuable for the organisation because it
helps in ensuring that the management and mitigation of the risks is properly done for
avoiding the probable issues. The risk management has been considered to be significantly
critical for the project success (Turner, 2016).
From the above discussion, it could be analysed that the risk management, strategic
alignment would be gained in the project of improving plan of Auckland transport.
b) There are various skills that are required in project management that would be used
for solving the problems that are reflected in the case study Auckland Transport. Some of the
main skills of the project manager could be listed as:
Leadership: Project leadership could be fundamentally described as act of effectively
leading any team towards successful completion of the projects. The project leadership needs
skills within both the management and the leadership (Kerzner, 2019).

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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Communication: The aspect of communication has been considered to be the key
within project management. For the successful execution of projects, significantly effective
communication is essential among the various stakeholders. It has been analysed that various
projects fail due to the lack of efficient communication or ineffective communication
(Fewings & Henjewele, 2019). The project manager should effectively determine the
communication strategy in the initial stages of the project.
Scheduling: The project management skill of scheduling has been considered to be
most crucial. Scheduling within project management is listing the activities, milestones and
the deliverables in any project (Nicholas & Steyn, 2017). The schedule commonly includes
the properly planned finish and start date, resources and the duration that are assigned to each
of the activities. The efficient project scheduling is considered as the critical component of
positive time management.
Risk Management: The risk management could be described as the procedure that is
used by the project managers for minimizing the potential issues that might negatively impact
the timetable of the project. The risks are considered as the unexpected event that may affect
the processes, people, resources, and the technology included within any project (Kerzner,
2018). Unlike the issues, that are probable to occur, the risks could be described as the events
that can occur and might not be able to determine the time.
Cost management: The aspect of cost management could be considered as the
procedure of estimation, allocation, as well as the controlling of main costs of the project. It
permits the business in predicting the probable expenses for reducing main chances of
exceeding the allocated budget for the project. The projected costs have been calculated
within the period of planning period of the project and should be permitted prior the initiation
of the work. As the execution of project plan is done, the documentation of the expenses is
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
done and then tracking the cost for ensuring that the complete cost is managed within the cost
management plan.
Task management: The task management includes the management of all the
prospects of any particular task, from the status as well as the priority, to time, financial and
the human resources that are required. The fundamental aspect of task management is
capturing, organizing, as well as assigning all the tasks that are required for completing any
project.
c) Project management tool that could be used by the project management team of
project of improving plan of Auckland transport for promoting the positive project outcomes
are Asana, Jira, and Trello. Asana involves the fundamentals of project management, the file
storage, as well as the collaboration that helps in managing the projects through any team
without the need of email (Marques & Bernardino, 2019). The main characteristic of this
particular tool is that it allows the project manager in breaking down the main work into
efficient tasks and then assign it to the team members. The project manager could organize all
the tasks into the projects for timelines and the roadmaps. Jira is the cross-platform software
of issue as well as the bug tracking that involves the features and the capabilities of advanced
project management (Klomp, 2018). This software helps in creating the issues and user
stories plus plan the sprints (Burgess, 2018). The tasks could be distributed across the
software team with the help of the Jira software (Naik & Jenkins, 2019). Trello is popular for
the visualization of the project tasks on the dashboard that is effective for managing the quick
and short each day assignments (Johnson, 2017). The main feature of this software is the
simple task management and creation of unrestricted tasks lists (Özkan & Mishra, 2019).
The technique that would be most appropriate for project management team of
improvement project of Auckland is the Agile project management. The method of agile
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
project management could be referred as the set of various principles that are based on value-
centred approach. It helps in prescribing the division of the project work into effective short
sprints, with the help of continual improvement and adaptive planning, as well as fostering
the self-organization and collaboration of the teams for producing the maximum value.
Answer of question 2
a) The improvement plan for solving the issue of traffic congestion in Auckland could
be determined as the improvement of bus services for ensuring that increased amount of
common public are using the bus services for travelling between various destinations. Buses
are observed to be the sustained reduction in the patronage from 2008 (Kim et al., 2016). In
the present times, there is cruel circle of the support withdrawal that is directing to the service
reductions that makes the less convenience of the services, and therefore the patronage falls,
needs additional reduction in the services. The bus operator intends to transform the services
into commercially viable by the designing of the circuitous routes, which passes close to huge
number of houses (Ding et al., 2017). It could make any 5 mile trip take over an hour in the
roads of Auckland, which is specifically unattractive for the commuters. The solution for this
issue during the peak times is running the services that follows the direct route with the
vastly-spread stops, just like the train services. At the off-peak times, significant high
flexibility is required regarding the routes of the buses for ensuring increased efficiency. The
method of interchanging to the various other services has been found to be crucial for making
the public transport properly work for increased number of people (Mouhcine, Mansouri &
Mohamed, 2018). Within the Auckland city, the transport planners requires the designing of
bus routes around the facilitation of interchanging. With the help of the improvement project,
the Auckland government should promote the use of public transport for ensuring that
majority of the people uses the public transport and the number of vehicles on the road is less

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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
(Huang et al., 2016). If the quantity of vehicles on roads is less and the people avails the
public transport chances on congestions on the main roads become significantly less.
b)
From the above matrix, it could be analysed that the improvement of the public
transport management is being done. The decisions that are to be made are regarding the
time, cost, quality, scope of the project. The delegation would be done of the various tasks of
the project to the project team. The conflicts of the project would be removed which is the
deleting part. This is the method by which the time allocated for the implementation of the
improvement plan would be done for Auckland transport.
c) During the improvement project of improving the bus services in Auckland, the
various causes of conflicts could in project environment could be categorised as the
schedules, preceding unresolved conflicts, the priorities of project, the resource competition,
the cultural differences, various technical issues, communication barriers, the personality
conflicts, organisation structure, and poor planning. There are a group of conflicts that could
rise from team environment (Broere, 2016). The projects are executed by various people in
Do
Improve the
public transport
management
Decide
Time, cost, quality
and scope should
be determined
Delegate
The project team
should be
allocated with the
various tasks of
this project
Delete
Conflicts in the
project should be
removed
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
the project team. The human resources and the people constitute the teams. As the project is
utilising the matrix structure for executing the projects, there might be the creation of several
bosses reporting the situations, and the conflicts are produced automatically. Additionally, the
assembling of the team members of project is done from the diverse backgrounds and in these
situations the people might not be accustomed among one another for striving in working
towards efficiently meeting all the tight deadlines. Some of the popular methods of conflict
resolution could be categorised as the forcing, withdrawing, accommodating or smoothing,
compromising, collaborating and confronting (Jia et al., 2018). The project manager of the
improvement project of Auckland could use the forcing technique when the time is vital and
the raised issue is crucial for the well-being for the project. When the conflicts are raised
from the team environment, the forcing technique could be used for resolving the conflicts.
Collaborating could be considered as the efficient method for managing the conflicts in the
project environment when any situation in the project is significantly important for being
compromised. It includes the incorporation of various ideas as well as the perspectives from
the people with various perspectives. It provides the effective opportunity of learning from
other members of the project team. The active collaboration by the both parties in
contribution to resolution makes it significantly easier for gaining the commitment and
consensus (Adacher, Flamini & Romano, 2017). The collaboration is not considered to be
effective when several players of the project team have been involved and the perspectives of
the team members is mutually exclusive.
Answer of question 3
The public transport within Auckland, has been analysed to be among the largest
metropolitan zone over New Zealand that comprises of the three means of transportation,
namely the ferry, train and buses. The services are presently effectively managed by the
Auckland Transport under AT metro brand. The britomart transport centre has been
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
developed for being the main transportation hub. Until the period of 1950s, Auckland was
able to be served by the public transport and comprised of the high levels of the ridership.
Moreover, dismantling of the extensive tram system around 1950s for electrifying the rail
network of Auckland and the emphasis on the transport investment into the motorway has led
to the collapse of the mode share and the total trips. Around 1990s, the city had viewed one
of the sharpest declines in the ridership of public transport within the world with the bare
minimum 33 trips per capita each year. Around 2000, the increased emphasis is placed on the
improvement of the public transport system in Auckland with the help of series of projects as
well as the service improvements. With the analysis of the average people availing any mode
of transportation in Auckland, it has been analysed that most of the people opt the utilisation
of public transportation for the range of reasons. Some of the people take the public
transportation as it saves the time that is spent on the driving. The commute is being used by
the people for engaging in their respective hobby during the journey. Various other people
utilise the public transportation for saving the costs of fuel as well as the car maintenance
related with the private transportation. Despite the various benefits availed by the people
through the public transportation system, there are some issues in the transportation system
due to which more and more people are becoming reluctant in using the public transport. As
the routes followed by the public transportation is preset and they are not changed during the
journey from the source to destination, the common people are facing some issues in availing
the various public transport from their preferred routes. This particular pre-set route mainly
travels from the station to the station allowing the passengers to get on or even let go at the
set stops. It has been considered to be the most crucial disadvantage for the travellers. Public
transportation is not able to serve the people with transportation facilities to the people
coming from suburbs. Several travellers are required a alternate source of the transportation

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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
for arriving at the ultimate destination or would have to walk huge distance to the home or
the offices.
The public transportation in Auckland mainly executes on the determined schedule.
These particular times might not mesh with main travel burdens of the people who are using
the public transportation. It leads to the significant damage of the time for the travels who
should arrive at the destination timely for avoiding being significant late. It denotes that the
waiting time for next bus or the train after performing their business is significantly high and
it makes the returning of home for the people late. In the public transportation of Auckland,
there is no kind of privacy in the public transportation. The travellers are extensively crowded
and they do not have any kind of personal space.
It could be suggested to the Auckland transport that the project of improving the
capacity and providing the improved services could be initiated by the Auckland
government for increasing the use of public transport by the common people.
Under this project, the duplicate platforms placed at centre of the town where the
trains stops each of the stop but then it runs all the trains each second stop on the
way in with the loop at the stations. It denotes the utilisation of the looping for
cutting out or reducing the slow section of the people getting on and off the public
transport (Wignall & Wallis, 2019).
The longer trains could be run by the government along with the installation of the
crossovers at each of the end of the each station, where as the train approaches any
station it splits and back half crosses onto the opposite side track and then
expresses the station. The signals could be used for stopping any approaching
train significant short of crossover for ensuring there is no collision (Rebello et al.
2019).
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The front half could then stop normally at next stoppage and this particular
process keeps on repeating for gaining double the throughput on way in. The
coverage as well as the frequency of the public transport could be improved for
ensuring that more and more people uses the public transportation services
(Nunns, Donovan & Genter, 2020).
The speed of the trains running in the areas could be increased that would ensure
that more and more trains along with the increased attractive proposition
associated with the personal transport, which would ensure that more and more
people are availing these services (Vasisht & Karndacharuk, 2016). The special
peak hour trains and the trams could developed having no seats for increasing the
capacity and convey more and more people.
Conclusion
Therefore, it could be concluded from the above discussion that the introduction of
the improvement projects in the Auckland public transport could help in ensuring that more
and more people avails the services. Project management can be described as the application
of effective knowledge, tools, skills as well as the techniques for protecting the activities for
meeting the requirements of projects. Project leadership could be fundamentally described as
act of effectively leading any team towards successful completion of the projects. Scheduling
within project management is listing the activities, milestones and the deliverables in any
project. The risk management could be described as the procedure that is used by the project
managers for minimizing the potential issues that might negatively impact the timetable of
the project. The aspect of cost management could be considered as the procedure of
estimation, allocation, as well as the controlling of main costs of the project. The task
management includes the management of all the prospects of any particular task, from the
status as well as the priority, to time, financial and the human resources that are required. The
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PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
project management tool that could be used by the team of project management for
promoting the positive project outcomes are Asana, Jira, and Trello.

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