Principles of Animation

This document discusses the principles of animation and their application in creative media production. It also explains the different types of animation and the software used in their production. The document further evaluates a given brief to determine the requirements for an animation sequence and develops test animations using industry-standard tools and techniques. It analyzes media product requirements to define the parameters for final animations and presents finished animations in a format suitable for the intended media product. Lastly, it discusses the use of industry-standard methods to gather audience feedback following a presentation.

Principles of
Animation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
LO1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Discuss the 12 principles of animation and their application within creative media
production..............................................................................................................................3
P2 Explain the different types of animation and the software that may be used in their
production..............................................................................................................................4
LO2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Evaluate a given brief to determine the requirements for an animation sequence...........5
P4 Develop test animations using industry-standard tools and techniques............................6
LO3............................................................................................................................................6
P5 Analyse media product requirements to define the parameters for final animations.......6
P6 Present finished animations, in a format suitable for the intended media product...........7
LO4............................................................................................................................................7
P7 Use industry-standard methods to gather audience feedback, following a presentation. .7
P8 Analyse audience feedback to the presentation of a media product with animation........8
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Animation is the way in which the pictures are manipulated in the special way to
appear them as the moving image. In traditional animation, pictures are drawn on transparent
celluloid sheet to the photographed. There are different type of animation which is used these
are; traditional system, the oldest way of animation also known as cell animation
(Archambault and Purchase, 2016). 2D animation, these are fall under traditional like early
Disney movies are the example of 2D animations. 3D animation, is using today by computer
and popular among all over the world. Motion graphics, it is created the illusion of the motion
by advertisement. And stop motion, include the clay motion, object motion. In this
assignment, principle and practices of animation are explained. An animation is created on
the basis of industry-standard tools and techniques with defined media products. A finished
animation is evaluate in the media response. And audience feedback is evaluated based on the
presentation on the defined media products.
MAIN BODY
LO1
P1 Discuss the 12 principles of animation and their application within creative media
production
In1981, Disney animators, Ollie Johnston and frank Thomas gives the twelve principles
of animation (12 Basic Principles of Animation, 2019). Which help the animation to produce
the more realistic work in the animation. And after using these principle by the different
professors and known by Bible of animation.
1. Squash and stretch: it gives the way of sense for weight and volume to the drawn
objects (Jia, 2016). The best example of this is bouncing ball and this principle of
animation is important in all the principle.
2. Anticipation: This is used for prepare of the main animated of the scene, as the
almost happens suddenly. This gives the next clue to the audience about the next
scene.
3. Staging: staging is the most overlooked principle, as it help in direct the audience’s
attention toward the most important element of the scene to become the effectiveness
of the story.

4. Straight ahead: in this two different approaches are drawn using either by frame by
frame by beginning and ending known as action or it start with innovative idea and
fills with the intervals known as pose to pose.
5. Follow through and overlapping action: to stop the unnatural effect and stiffness in
the animation it is important and necessary to start something different for this the
new animation is started in follow through, related to the part of the body which
continue to create with inertia after completing the action. And in overlapping, same
parts move with the different speed.
6. Slow in slow out: It shows that almost every animation needed the time to accelerate
and slow down the speed (Ibrahim, 2018). It would look more realistic if the
animation effect comes slow down and speed up during the animation.
7. Arcs: This increase the realism in the animation’s action effect as if all the life objects
comes up with some curved path rather than straight lines than it will help the
animation effect to look more realistic.
8. Secondary action: This will support the main animation and by adding more
dimension gives more life to the scene. Make sure about that the animation will
emphasize the main action rather than take away the attention from it.
9. Timing: Numbers of drawing, actions, moot and emotion refer to the perfect time and
this principle is important part of the whole principle.
10. Exaggeration: The main work is to maintain the true of reality in the animation, by
just presenting them in the wilder form and more extreme form.
11. Solid drawing: It is the understanding of the basic drawing, anatomy, weight, light
and shadow etc. and this is basically related to the three dimensional products.
12. Appeal: In last, appeal explain that it compelling the attractiveness and charm in the
animation that can inspire the devotion in others for animation effects. Which means
the viewer’s feels the realistic nature in the animations.
With the help of these animation principle the creation of animation is must be effective
and amazing which is loved by the customers and viewer (Pierson, 2019). By implementing
these principle in the real life and create the sunning work for the audience.
P2 Explain the different types of animation and the software that may be used in their
production
There are different type of software which is helpful in making the different type of
animation which are explained below:

 3D computer animation: Most popular animation which is used for the featuring
films, TV serial and short film as well. Also used for live animation and video games.
It is the capital intensive process which is designed on computer by the artist. 3D
animation software are; Autodesk Maya, Blender, Cinema 4D.
 Traditional animation: Animators draw the images frame by frame and then transfer
into acetate sheets which is called cel of painting (He and van Leeuwen, 2020).
Software which is make these animations are: Toon boom harmony and TV paint.
 2D animation: Characters which is built with the systems of bones and control same
as 3D and manipulated in the animation way. Software are: Adobe animate CC,
Adobe after effects and adobe character animators.
 Stop motion animation: Here object move slightly and photographed puts in the one
frame at one time. And when these frames shown in sequence it create the illusion of
the images. Dragon frame, Stop motion studio are the example of the software which
is used for making this animation.
 Motion Graphics: This is last big graphic and mainly concentration on interesting
and moving logo and basic illustrations. And many of the principle are applied on the
motion graphics. Typographic and animated logo are the example of this. After effects
and cinema 4D are the software which is used for making the animation effect.
All these effects and software help the new beginner in making the animation effect
image or film by using these different type of software discussed above.
LO2
P3 Evaluate a given brief to determine the requirements for an animation sequence
Animation sequence is what which is very important for creating the animation as
without following the sequence the success on animation can’t get easily. So to avoiding the
challenges and problem requirement of the animation sequence is very important;
 Layout of storyboard: it is the basic sequence which is actually needed to layout the
action plan to utilize the motion illustrate in the animation video (Gao, 2016). It
involve gathering of the information which is required for making the animation make
the clear concept and script and prepare the voiceover recording. And after all these
storyboard is prepared also called a hand drawn sketch.
 Definition of the object: This include the specific definition of the object which is
related to the participant objects. This definition can be defined and explain by the

fundamental shape of the object and the movement which is prepared for the objects.
This step help to know more about the object and their use by the artist.
 Specification of the key frame: This is the detailed sketch of the scene with the exact
time of the animation and their frames. Inside all the frames all the objects are placed
with the matching time. Also the speed of the object is determined in the frames.
 In between frames generations: In between the key frames there are in between
frames are used to utilised the time of the animation and also adding the new and
impressive impact on the audience.
P4 Develop test animations using industry-standard tools and techniques
Producing animation is won’t need any step up, camera or crew members in starting,
although all these things are needed once it become popular they all are needed. There are
lots of software and tools which are free and inexpensive which are helped the beginners to
create a stunning animation is the short frame (Waddington, 2017). Here is the list of the
tools and techniques which are used for making the software online, for animation like 2D
vectors, traditional, 3D studio and many more. Animakers; is the online platform which make
the animation videos with the different style using the template and GIF. They are create a
layered animation, 2D, infogarphics and whiteboard. Pawtoon; is another tool, this is use for
storyboard builders, readymade template in no time. Moovely; help to make the video,
advertising video, presentation in less than fifteen minutes. As you just needed to provide the
relevant data and choose the animation design. Vyond; this gives the effects, sound, props
and many more things to make the animation in the videos. Renderforest; it is the free online
tool which is used for create the animation, slideshows, music visualization. And help the
beginner to work effectively and easily to create their own animation. Sketch up; tool used
for 3D modelling, with no such time and provide free models for using them like
demo (Richards, 2020). These tools and techniques help in testing the animation and help in
creating them with spending less time and money. With the help of these tools a person can
test their animation that it is worthy or not and they also create the more animation effects
and videos.
LO3
P5 Analyse media product requirements to define the parameters for final animations
Animation parameters are the values which are decided by the animator controller that
can be accessed and assigned the position and importance of the script. As because script is

the one which is important aspect for the animation procedure. The media products
requirement is important for the parameter of the final animation as it help to scale up the
power to create the animation, provide all the equipment to the artist which are broad range
of the tool for staging the platform. Also they create the amazing effect which scale up the
ability to run the animation effect of the artist (Naas, 2018). And in last they provide the
flexibility to find the best artist in you and provide the amazing skills and knowledge
regarding the animation. By fixing the parameters in the final animation give a way to reach
the final output easily. As animation curve, sound effects, scripts can be used as the
parameters. Default parameters can be set by using the animator window this will help to
make the parameters in designing the parameters. They can be assign the values by set flow,
set integer, set bool, set trigger and reset trigger. These type help in deciding the parameter of
the object animations.
P6 Present finished animations, in a format suitable for the intended media product
Finished animation is the last stage of creating the animation process, in overall we
include the whole process starting from emerging the information related to the animation,
deciding the type of animation which is created and using proper tools and technique the
finished animation is prepared which is suitable for the intended media products. There are
various format is which the animation is created like, JPG, GIF, RAW, PDF, AI, CMYK and
many more formats. Which is used for the final animation storage.
LO4
P7 Use industry-standard methods to gather audience feedback, following a presentation
Feedback is what you received about yourself in regard to what you serve to the
customers in the market. It might be verbal, non-verbal, in brief and in explaining nature.
There are different ways and types of feedback which is given by the audience who are using
your services and that audience which are enjoying your created animations (CINTRA,
2015). There are positive feedback, useful feedback and negative feedback which provide the
amazing improvement in the work which is done and if there are any improvement needed
than it will implement on correct time. The major modes to capturing feedback during
presenting the presentation are:
Observe the non-verbal feedback during the presentation: this is the useful feedback
which is used as staring right back to the audience while speaking or presenting presentation.
Which gives the general feedback that is audience feel bored, confused, excited, leaving or

just nodding their head. This can be done improving concentration and making the video of
the seminar.
Pay attention to the questions: this help while presenting the presentation the question
which is arises by the customers. This gives artist the overview about the customers view
about your object animation.
Gathering information during the break: In the break time of the presentation, a
person can gather the information regarding the reviews of the customers about their products
and they can directly talk to the viewer and rises some questions regarding the object
animation like or dislike.
Create a form: A custom form related to the feedback, can help and give the more
accurate knowledge regarding the customers review (Katatikarn and Tanzillo, 2016). By
creating a form which containing 5-10 questions with multiple choice option save the time of
customers in giving the feedback.
Utilize the other channels: with the help of other channel or using social media the
feedback can be generated. Telephone, mail or company’s website are the major source
where a person can give the feedback easily to the company and company can easily see and
evaluate the weakness and strength to make more creative animation.
P8 Analyse audience feedback to the presentation of a media product with animation
While presenting the presentation of the animation it is analysing that the people are
shown interest and exciting for the new animated video and providing positive feedback for
the 3D animated video. Some points which must be considered for analysing feedback are the
area of analysis, size of the population, nature of the customers, gender and age
discrimination, knowledge of the topic to the audience, and the attitude towards the topic of
the customers and what the expectation of the audience are (Ibrahim, 2018). These points are
helpful to get the right feedback and company can analysis the feedback more easily and
evaluate the result based on the feedback. Also the company must keep the positive attitude if
there are some negative feedback coming from the customers, and more development and
innovation is decided and planned for completing the demand of the customers more
effectively. Also provide the return feedback to the customers about their feedback and
ensure them about the fast improvement which is done by the company as soon as possible.
Animation make the important aspect in customer’s life and using by most of the audience.
So the feedback from the audience is also important.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that animation is the important aspect of the
new generation as these are using by the audience in the wide range and most of the success
path are related to the animation industry. In general there are twelve major principle which is
used by the every artist while creating the animation and implement that principle in their
animation. There are different type of animation and software are available for creating the
animation with the ease and no hurdles. These software are paid and unpaid. Animation
needed a proper sequence and general feedback from the customers who are using the
animation effect movie, film. Cartoon, template or presentation. Feedback is important for the
companies to evaluate the major success and weakness of the animation objects.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Archambault, D. and Purchase, H.C., 2016. Can animation support the visualisation of
dynamic graphs?. Information Sciences. 330. pp.495-509.
Pierson, R., 2019. Figure and Force in Animation Aesthetics. Oxford University Press.
Ibrahim, Z.H., 2018. The Stretch-Engine: A Method for Creating Exaggeration in Animation
Through Squash and Stretch (Doctoral dissertation).
He, Y. and van Leeuwen, T., 2020. Animation and the remediation of school physics–a social
semiotic approach. Social Semiotics. 30(5). pp.665-684.
Waddington, C.H., 2017. The principles of embryology. Routledge.
Richards, R., 2020. The Circus and Technologies of Animation. In Circus, Science and
Technology (pp. 143-158). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Naas, P., 2018. How to Cheat in Maya 2017: Tools and Techniques for Character Animation.
CRC Press.
CINTRA, W., 2015. History and Stories of Animation Theater in Brazil, 1970–
2010. Brazilian Theater, 1970-2010: Essays on History, Politics and Artistic
Experimentation, p.53.
Katatikarn, J. and Tanzillo, M., 2016. Lighting for Animation: The Art of Visual Storytelling.
CRC Press.
Jia, W., 2016, March. Research of Animation Shots Principle. In 2016 Eighth International
Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation
(ICMTMA) (pp. 499-501). IEEE.
Gao, D., 2016, September. Development Ideas of Dinosaur Resources in Animation Culture.
In 2016 4th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and
Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2016) (pp. 873-877). Atlantis
Press.
Online
12 Basic Principles of Animation. 2019. [Online]. Available through<
https://wave.video/blog/12-basic-principles-of-animation/>.