Principles of Health Informatics

Principles of Health
Informatics

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Explain the capabilities of artificial intelligence and its challenges and benefits health care
delivery........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Evaluate the ethical, social and legal challenges of artificial intelligence .................................6
Ethical challenges of Aritifical intelligence................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Aritifical intelligence is known as the branch of the computer science as it mainly focuses
on building and creating the machines that are known as smart machines. As these kinds of the
machines are capable of performing such tasks that required Human intelligence (Wetter, 2016)
. Present report focuses to evaluate the use of the Aritifical intelligence in hospitals and
healthcare organization. Due to Artificial intelligence what kind of challenges they faced and
also benefits of the AI faces by the healthcare Firm British Red Cross. It is founded in 1870 as
it headquarter is in United Kingdom .It has 3,500 staff and 32,500 volunteers.
The report also focuses on the brief overview regarding the application of AI,
Capabilities, impact of AI within healthcare such as legal, ethical as well as social challenge
within healthcare organization.
TASK 1
Explain the capabilities of artificial intelligence and its challenges and benefits health care
delivery
Application regarding Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence that can be known also the machine learning is simulation
regarding Human intelligence accompanied by machines that are programmed for thinking such
as mimic human activities. Artificial intelligence has revolutionized the whole world through its
actions as well as benefited the industry on a wider scale. One of the major industry focuses
healthcare that uses the artificial intelligence is remarkable and aids the industry.
Virtual nurses
It is the emergence regarding artificial intelligence within healthcare industry that can be
developed within the healthcare industry as the evolution of the digital nurses that aids the doctor
to monitors the situations regarding patients. British Red Cross is focuses more on the digital
nurses as they can use the machine learning so that they can help the patients and also
specializing in various illness (Nelson and Staggers, 2016). These types of the digital nurses also
gives the health information an also gives advice to the parents of the ill children as well as
patients.
Managing medical record
It is considered as one of the broad application as it aids the British Red Cross firm to
effectively manages the different data or information. The first and foremost step within firm is

compile and analysis the information of the medical record,,However these robots aids the
management of the British Red Cross to trace the data and store for giving the faster access.
Artificial intelligence capabilities
To perform different functions as well as activities Artificial intelligence helped healthcare
industry with greater efficiency. There are broad range of capabilities of Artificial intelligence
has aids the British Red Cross firms to give specialize treatments to their patients. It is known as
one of the most significant capabilities that assist in diagnosis. It enables the healthcare
professionals and management of British Red Cross to diagnosis different diseases and disorder
such as sugar levels. Earlier, testing the sugar level regarding the patients were needed to
undergo different testes but nowadays by the help of the AI, doctors in British Red Cross can
easily track the symptoms of the diabetes in one minute.
In additions to this there are various capabilities of the A.I that aids firm to gives the effective
treatment as well as strategies. It has the ability to recognizes different diseases and also
generating the intelligence to the various number of health issues. AI also provides the
professionals of healthcare of British Red Cross to give the capability regarding proper history
of the patients. It has also the capabilities to record as well as track the information regarding
patients. Thus the machine learning also go through the uses of the algorithm that are consider as
complex because to record the past health as well as gives the information about the patients to
the professionals of healthcare.
Challenges
Artificial intelligence brings different benefits and advantages to the industry of
healthcare but there are also different legal challenges that can surrounded use of Artificial
intelligence within healthcare centres and healthcare.
Data integrity
The major challenging that impact the British Red Cross within the adoption of artificial is its
data integrity and complexity. It is mainly relied on the data integrity as well as faces more
difficulty during the modernizing of the process regarding the strict data privacy within patients.
It is considered a one of the vital challenge that can faces by British Red Cross to manage the
Data by AI as it can be complex to manage.
Availability of Data

It is noticed that it one of the most challenge that can be faced by the British Red Cross within
its firms. The AI system training needed more amount of the data for the different source such as
insurance claims, pharmacy and electronic health records. Therefore it can become troublesome
for the British British Red Cross as the information needed is to be fragmented all over the
numerous system. Due to this fragmentation it also increases the risk errors as well as decreases
the comprehensiveness regarding different data.
Privacy concern
It is a vital and most known challenge that cab e focused by everyone that healthcare industry as
well as British Red Cross are facing. When its comes about the privacy concern it is remains as
one of the major issues while implementing in any firm British Red Cross also collects the data
of the broad range regarding the patients as due to the uses of the Artificial intelligence but some
patients are also concerned about their leakage and privacy of personal or other types of the
information.
Advantages of the Artificial intelligence
Improved diagnosis
It is one of the benefit that can be affected British Red Cross at high level within positive way.
The utilization of the AI equipped products within the British Red Cross has it has eventually
aids the firms to reduce the errors during diagnose process around 16% to more than 5% as it
aids the doctors to quickly aids the doctors regarding the health records (Nelson and Staggers,
2016). It also aids various firms to access various data of the sick people conveniently as
compare to the human professional as well as resulted within accurate treatment.
Reducing cost
It is known as one of the most crucial advantages regarding artificial intelligence that aids
the healthcare industry so that it can they can treat their patients . By the use of AI within
British Red Cross decreased the medical cost because of this technology it has been high
accuracy accompanied by the proper diagnosis and also aids the doctors to correctly predicts the
treatment plan as well as offer various measures to prevent diseases (Webb, Sorensen and
Kahwati, 2017). Due to the use of the British Red Cross it helped firm to save its most of the
money as well as invest within other innovative goods and services.
Managing records

It is one of the most crucial benefit regarding artificial intelligence as it aids the British
Red Cross within more imperative way. The utilization of the AI has aids the management of
British Red Cross to manage accurately the records and Health history of the patients. The
machine learning that are basically aids the firms to track various kinds of data recording
regarding easily access when they are required for example the diagnosing and many more.
TASK 2
Evaluate the ethical, social and legal challenges of artificial intelligence
Influence of the AI within healthcare delivery
It has also impacted healthcare industry within a more greater way as it aids in variety of
ways. The utilization of the artificial intelligence within the healthcare also aids various
management to give effective treatment to the patients as well as provides an advice regarding
the health issues (Thinyane, 2019). The influence of this machine learning within British Red
Cross for the purpose of delivering as it is considered as highly significant as well as developed
to cure the patients with highly effectiveness. It has the multitude influence that assisted the
management of British Red Cross so that they can diagnose the diseases that are chronic as well
as associated conditions that are grown all over the world. It is one of the most significant
impact that impacted working within the British Red Cross within the diagnosis of
Cardiovascular. Artificial intelligence also aids the doctors of British Red Cross to identify
several signals regarding CAD as well as aids to give the effective diagnosis (Webb, Sorensen
and Kahwati, 2017). The machine also utilise all the information such as images of heart as it is a
very complicated it has four chambered so AI helps the professional to treated it correctly. Also
it aids the healthcare professional to aids the to learn about more on the pattern of such
complicated images.
Legal challenges
Artificial intelligence brings different benefits and advantages to the industry of
healthcare but there are also different legal challenges that can surrounded use of Artificial
intelligence within healthcare centres and healthcare.
Privacy issues
These are consider as one of the most common legal challenges as it is impacted the
British Red Cross in more impacting way. Such as to use the robots at their full its potential
there is a free flow of the data necessary. As such type of the free fall data becomes highly

problematic at sometimes for the firms like British Red Cross as well as these kinds of the
privacy issues are also more impacted on the security issues of the firm. British Red Cross also
focuses on the Artificial intelligence for keeping the essential information of the patients as well
as tracking the patients for the prey of issues regarding privacy (Wetter, 2016)
. There are very often chances where criminals and hackers may be hack the system of the firm
and might leaks the data that are related to the patients such as their medical history , the
medicines doctors gives to patients and many more so that they can easily harm the patients and
creates the Bad reputation of the firm at the market (Rigby and Ammenwerth, 2016). Sometimes
these kinds of things can be done by the rivalries of hospitals for their own benefit.
Intellectual property
It is the significant challenge as it is most crucial one as it has influenced British Red
Cross within a great way. By the help of the AI algorithms that can be considered as the
extremely collaborative one as it has posed remarkable challenge protecting the privacy concerns
and intellectual property. Within this context the biggest challenges for British Red Cross is to
protect the right and also the patents of its devices that has been influenced through them such as
Digital nurses and many more (Rigby and Ammenwerth, 2016). Firm also faces the problems
regarding the intellectual property as various hospitals uses the same kind of the machine
learning.
Discrimination
This is a most common legal issues that also surrounded as well as impacted by the broad
number of the organization associated with healthcare. The issues of the discrimination and bias
has highly problematic for the British Red Cross as several healthcare firms turns to machine
learning for the more effective decision-making (Webb, Sorensen and Kahwati, 2017).
Therefore, within this context as it may face various kind of the challenges regarding assuring
transparency and also the racial and ethical discrimination. It may causes a reputation harm of
the British Red Cross as well as also impacted within more negative way.
Challenges for AI for care providers and Patients
No emotional attachments
Human are by birth emotional as it is consider as one of the major challenge that
impacted the people as well as affects their mental and physical health both. It is focuses
generally that machines or robots have not such kind of feeling and due to this they can perform

more productively and much better as compare to the humans. If talking about the intelligence
and efficiency these robots are unable to beat the human emotions and connections that a patient
can share with the doctors and also with nurses. Robots are not making the bonds with the
patients as it is very vital for their recovery as patients needs mental satisfactions also. Mental
and physical health are interrelated to each other (Miller, Cafazzo and Seto, 2016). Such as
Patients who are suffering form the depression,OCD will be treated with the digital nurses but
they cannot share their feelings of sorrow ,feeling low to them and sometimes this creates the
conditions worsen.
Making care providers and nurses more lazy
It is considered as another challenge that will impact the nurses as well as care takers
instead of helping them in positive way it affected in negative way. As British Red Cross has
also employed various robots and digital nurses within their firm so that they can treat their
patients more effectively but at the same time it makes the nurses more lazy as they become
habitual of such kind of Machines (Webb, Sorensen and Kahwati, 2017). Nurses and Healthcare
avoids the works and they become addicted to these robots which will becomes a problem in
future for British Red Cross. As most of the patients can go talking with humans as they have the
emotions unlike the robots.
Social challenges of AI
Privacy concern
Anonymity as well as concern regarding privacy due to the health care firms for the long time
(Miller, Cafazzo and Seto, 2016). In medical practices the adoption of EHRs enhance these
issues are considered as a sensitive patent data might be uploaded in digital form to the network
system with different levels of the security system in place.
Building trust
People are not feeling comfortable as the main problem of the Artificial intelligence is that it is a
black box and people cannot understand regarding that how decisions are made. It has the multi
layer neural network as people are unable to understand this as well as makes the predictions that
can focuses on the things are not going to be comfortable with them (Casey, 2020).
One track mind

It is the final challenge as it has human beings have efficiency of taking consideration of
learning data from one project to another as AI cannot understand to emulate in future. It is a
final challenge as different specialised AI learn so that it becomes better day by day
Ethical challenges of Aritifical intelligence
 AI makes the people jobless as developing AI can makes the people to loss their job as
machine are more perfect and do better work than human beings (Thinyane, 2019).
 Another issues arise such as it also focuses on the wealth equality
AI is not perfect
AI are not immune to do mistakes but sometimes it can do with the internal programming so by
the help of training AI can perform well (Koch, 2019). AI can be harmful .
AI Bias
It is increasing inherit within voice as well as facial recognition as various firms that impacted
individuals. These are the system that can be sometimes vulnerable to the errors that can done by
the makers also.
CONCLUSION
From the above it had been concluded that Aritifical intelligence provides the advantages
to the firm as it provides effective diagnosis as well as managing data. It is more capable of
diagnosis several diseases and gives specialize treatments. It also focused on major challenges
such as privacy as well as intellectual property. Furthermore focuses on the several challenges
such as ethical and legal such as privacy concern and also disadvantages such as AI has lack of
Emotions unlike the human beings.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ashrafi, N., Kuilboer, J.P. and Pande, P., 2019. Health informatics in the classroom: An
empirical study to investigate higher education's response to healthcare
transformation. Journal of Information Systems Education, 25(4), p.5.
Casey, D., 2020. Principles of Guideline-Driven PPM Informatics. In Personalized and
Precision Medicine Informatics (pp. 31-38). Springer, Cham.
Koch, S., 2019. Current Trends in Biomedical and Health Informatics. Methods of Information in
Medicine, 58(02/03), pp.061-062.
Miller, A.S., Cafazzo, J.A. and Seto, E., 2016. A game plan: Gamification design principles in
mHealth applications for chronic disease management. Health informatics journal, 22(2),
pp.184-193.
Nelson, R. and Staggers, N., 2016. Health Informatics-E-Book: An Interprofessional Approach.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Rigby, M. and Ammenwerth, E., 2016. The need for evidence in health informatics. Stud Health
Technol Inform, 222, pp.3-13.
Thinyane, M., 2019, December. Operationalizing Data Justice in Health Informatics. In 2019
ITU Kaleidoscope: ICT for Health: Networks, Standards and Innovation (ITU K) (pp. 1-8).
IEEE.
Webb, J., Sorensen, A. and Kahwati, L., 2017. Advancing perinatal patient safety through
application of safety science principles using health IT. BMC medical informatics and
decision making, 17(1), p.176.
Wetter, T., 2016. Towards Future Consumer Health Informatics Adapted Health Care
Legislation. In Consumer Health Informatics (pp. 339-385). Springer, Cham.