Principles of Project Management

This document provides an overview of the principles of project management, including the PMBOK knowledge areas and processes, a critical comparison of project management approaches, project management tools and techniques for risk mitigation, and leadership styles for managing project situations. It also includes references for further reading.

Running head: PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Principles of Project management
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Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................................................................................2
1. PMBOK knowledge areas and processes....................................................................................2
1.1 Analyzing impact of PMBOK knowledge areas and processes in project prcatices and
PMI’s code of ethics....................................................................................................................2
2. Critical comparison and contrast on project management approaches........................................3
2.1 Role of project management approach..................................................................................3
3. Project management tools and techniques for risk mitigation.....................................................5
4. Leadership styles for managing project situations.......................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................8

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Overview
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of best practices,
processes, terminologies and guidelines those are accepted as standards in project management
industries. Uber has introduced a new app mainly for going benefits to the drivers and driving
partners. The new driver app would help to earn smarter with huge and real time information.
The new app is very reliable and user friendly (Svejvig & Andersen, 2015). The new app is
collaborated with drivers as well as delivery partners around all over the world. The approved
case study selected for presenting the reflection is Uber’s new driver app. The role of PMBOK
practices for managing projects are elaborated in this paper.
In addition to that, PMI’s codes of ethics are also illustrated in this paper. A critical
comparison and contrast has also been conducted among different project management
approaches. Apart from that in order to manage difficult project situations the leadership styles
that are needed are also elaborated in this paper. It is determined that, while conducting project
potential risks can occur (Machado, Pinheiro & Tamanini, 2015). In order to manage or resolve
those risks possible risk mitigation tools and techniques are needed to be adopted by the project
managers and project team members. Some of these risk management tool and techniques are
also elaborated in this reflection. This reflection is prepared considering project management
prcatices, theories and models.

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1. PMBOK knowledge areas and processes
1.1 Analyzing impact of PMBOK knowledge areas and processes in project
prcatices and PMI’s code of ethics
During the project development period the different knowledge areas that are to be
followed by the project manager and project team members are communication management,
resource management, schedule and time management, cost management, stakeholder
management and risk management. In order to maintain connection among the project associates
the other knowledge area on which the project manager need to put their focus is communication
management plan.
The communication management plan will help the project team members to interact
with each other n a much easier way (Carstens, Richardson & Smith, 2016). The best
communication plan that should be followed during the project development life cycle period is
open communication. the project manager should design the stakeholder management plan in
such a way so that it can keep all the project stakeholders engaged to their roles and
responsibilities. The project managers must estimate a timeline and budget as well. The project
manager should complete the project within the assigned timeline and cost. In order to develop
the project respective resources should be identified and gathered.
2. Critical comparison and contrast on project management approaches
2.1 Role of project management approach
Each of the knowledge area is equally important for the success of any project. At the
project initiation phase the project manager must develop a scope statement. The objectives of

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the project team associates are to meet the project objectives followed by the scope direction.
There are different project management approaches available and based on the project type and
size the most suitable management approach should be approached by the project manager. The
details approaches are elaborated in the below section:
Extreme project approaches: The event management project approach is completely
suitable for those projects which handle difficult and dynamic business situations. If it is found
that enough amount of data are not available or requirements are not clear that time this types of
project management approaches are adopted and applied by the project managers (Niazi, et al.,
2016). With the help of this approach, based on available data projects can be executed easily. In
this approach the project managers are needed to choose the resources based on project
assumption. Since, this approach is rigid, these days project developers are adopting hybrid
approaches.
Event chain project approach: Fro the business perspectives this is the other project
management approach that is widely used by the project managers and project team members.
As per this approach a single would be able to create a constraint chain and also severely impede
a project. In order to predict negative event, past information set can also be used by the project
managers to execute any project (Binder, 2016). One of the most popular projects tracking tool
that is widely used for executing project successfully is Gantt chart. In order to check the status
of the project this particular tool is mostly used by the project managers.
Traditional project management approach: Theses days also for most of the projects,
project managers use traditional project management approaches for executing error free project
within assigned time and budget. This approach is comprises of five different phases in terms of

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project initiation, planning, control and monitoring, execution and closure. Each of the project
development phases are needed to be followed by the project team members while executing the
project. These phases are interconnected to each other and therefore, project managers need to
follow each of these phases to implement the project within assigned time (Karaman & Kurt,
2015). The outcome of one phase act as an input foe the nest phase. Nowadays most of the
project managers use this project management approach or implementing projects.
While implementing the Uber new driver’s app the project manager should use the
traditional project management approach.
3. Project management tools and techniques for risk mitigation
While conducting any project it may possible that certain possible risks are occurring and
interrupting the exact project outcome or expectation. In order to resolve such risks the different
tool and techniques that are used mentioned in the below section:
Documentation review: whether any risk may occur during the project development
period or not must be checked by the project associates with the help of documents review.
Project status reporting is the best was to check the project status (Hornstein, 2015). This
technique is used to receive unbiased data and requested changes.
Root cause analysis: The reasons for which risks may occur in the project development
phases are need to be checked by the project managers. It helps to identify the root of the issues.
If these roots are identified then, resolving those issues will become easier from the project
perspectives (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017). In other words, root cause analysis helps to identify
problems and discover potential prevention actions useful for prevention of the risks.

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Risk register: The risk register is referred to as a tool that is used by the project
managers to identify, analyze, prioritize and mitigate risks. The technique is useful to identify the
impact and possibilities of occurrence and score of each risk (Binder, 2016). In order to resolve
project risks this particular management technique is very essential. It helps to keep the project
on track throughout the project development life cycle.
Delphi technique: Delphi technique is the other technique used for managing risks. This
technique helps to identify unbiased project related information. Diagramming technique is a
compact version for identifying risks. It includes cause and effect diagram including flow chart
and influence diagram as well. Standards or benchmarking would help to make comparison
between period and departments. The anomalies in benchmarking data can easily identify risks
those are missed at the initial phase (Niazi et al., 2016). It can be said that with the help of these
tools and techniques risks can be properly managed and controlled.
Among these above mentioned risk control and risk management tools and techniques the
most suitable one is root cause analysis while developing and implementing the Uber new driver
app.
4. Leadership styles for managing project situations
Leadership style is referred to as characteristics or behavior of leaders while directing,
motivating, managing group of project associates. These styles influence the rest of the project
team members (Carstens, Richardson & Smith, 2016). The project managers must play the role
of leaders by influencing and motivating other project associates. The different styles are
elaborated in the below section:

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Authorization leadership style: The authorization leadership style is used to make
effective decision making considering the success of the project with commercial profit and
competitive advantages. In order to manage any kind of dynamic business situations this
particular style is very helpful.
Transformational leadership: The transformational leadership style is also used to
inspire and motivate the project team members. It helps to keep the others on track and keep
them engaged to their roles and responsibilities.
Situational theory: This leadership style changes with changing business situations. It
also influences and motivates the project team members and keep them engaged to the project
activities (Svejvig & Andersen, 2015). The leadership style is directive, supporting and enough
delegating. It helps to create balancing situation in the project environment.
Among these above mentioned styles the project manager needs to use transactional
leadership style while evaluating the new app for Uber drivers.

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References
Binder, J. (2016). Global project management: communication, collaboration and management
across borders. Routledge.
Carstens, D. S., Richardson, G. L., & Smith, R. B. (2016). Project management tools and
techniques: A practical guide. CRC Press.
Chaves, M. S., Araújo, C. D., Teixeira, L., Rosa, D., Júnior, I., & Nogueira, C. (2016). A new
approach to managing Lessons Learned in PMBoK process groups: the Ballistic 2.0
Model. International journal of information systems and project management, 4(1), 27-
45.
Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change
management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2),
291-298.
Karaman, E., & Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2
versus PMBOK for it projects. Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Research, 4(4).
Kerzner, H. (2019). Using the project management maturity model: strategic planning for
project management. Wiley.
Kerzner, H., & Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.

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Ma, Y., Ma, J., Zhang, P., Ma, Y., & Che, C. (2018). Research and Application of PMBOK
(Project Management Body of Knowledge) in the Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline
Projects.
Machado, T. C. S., Pinheiro, P. R., & Tamanini, I. (2015). Project management aided by verbal
decision analysis approaches: a case study for the selection of the best SCRUM
practices. International Transactions in Operational Research, 22(2), 287-312.
Niazi, M., Mahmood, S., Alshayeb, M., Riaz, M. R., Faisal, K., Cerpa, N., ... & Richardson, I.
(2016). Challenges of project management in global software development: A client-
vendor analysis. Information and Software Technology, 80, 1-19.
Svejvig, P., & Andersen, P. (2015). Rethinking project management: A structured literature
review with a critical look at the brave new world. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(2), 278-290.