Probabilistic Risk Assessment

Running head: PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT 1
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
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PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT 2
Proposal literature review on risk, reliability and probabilistic risk assessment
In the past few years, the industries were hugely affected by natural catastrophes, violent cases
and health crises. The NRC (Nuclear Regulatory commission) key role is ensuring the nuclear
power plants in the united states and the other nuclear industries with license are operating with
less risk to the safety the health of the public (Cheok, Parry & Sherry, 1998). The nuclear
regulatory commission applies the science of PRA (probabilistic risk assessment in examining
sophisticated system’s possible risks and point out what issue could have resulted in impacting
the safety of the public. The NRC is as well performs the role in listing the technical needs on
nuclear power plant operation and designs in (10 CFR) the tittle 10 of the code of federal
regulations. These criteria are usually documented with regards to operations carried out by the
engineers and the safety guidelines in designing, operations and constructions. The probabilistic
risk assessment can therefore be very useful in defining the stated guidelines and to some extent
give suggestions to improve the nuclear power plant through various analysis. Therefore, this
section will provide the history of risk, the reliability and the history of probabilistic risk
assessment overwhelming when and how it began and the changes that have occurred up to date
(Hayns, 1999).
The risk
The Nuclear reactor commission (NRC) has clearly outlined the three levels in PRA
which can be used in combating the risk experienced within the nuclear reactor. The first level is
used in estimating the frequencies of the accidents caused by the core of the nuclear reactor.
Secondly, the probabilistic risk assessment continues in examining the frequencies of the
incidences that produces the radio activities within and the surroundings of the nuclear reactor

PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT 3
plant. The third level of the PRA approximates the impact with respect to the injuries and other
damages caused to the public environment. Thus, based on the above levels, the framework of
the risk can be categorized into operations, the safety risks and financials. With respect to
financial, the risk can be within the foreign exchange, resources, the cost of the production,
insurance, competition and the interest rates. The operation overwhelms the inventory, training,
the human resource and the management. The safety risk constitutes the protecting the
environment the radioactive hazards and safety in industries (Atomic, Agency & Nuclear 2000).
After the Chernobyl reactor incidence, various risk researchers from different part of the
world provided their assessment on the thrilling issue on the risk within the society. Individuals
from various atomic energy industries had to deal with the possibility in either way. Hence, to
comprehend the benefits of the risk with the society surrounding such environment. Since the
year 1980, risk has established a general type of a banner mostly in which the nuclear reactors’
plants have rallied on (Atomic, Agency & Nuclear 2000). The IAEA (international energy
atomic agency) was established by the united nations in the year 1957 with the key role in
auditing the safety of the nuclear plants globally. This role was given more attention in as the
result of the Chernobyl accident that had taken the life of many individuals (Gheorghe, Mock &
Kröger 2000). The auditing involved the prescription of the protocol in establishing the nuclear
plants and the reporting the minor cases (Raughley,2000). This is because the nuclear power
plants have been designed to operate in a safe manner and risk-free in case of any malfunction or
any accidents(IAEA,2001). (Using the nuclear power plants in generating the electricity can be
regarded as extremely safe today. In the past few years there is significant environmental and
health impact recorded with the nuclear plants, for instance, the Fukushima incidence resulted to
zero death as reported by the international atomic energy agency

PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT 4
With respect to the accidents experienced up to 1970, some researchers had to focus on
some assumptions about the series of the events. This led to the framing of the regulations and
licensing of the nuclear plants within the conservative engineering and public domain. Therefore,
in late 1970s, the large-scale testing and analysis of the nuclear plants was initiated. Thus, by the
1979, the Meltdown which harbored the Three Mile Island rector started making explicit reforms
such that the worst potential accidents could never cause any harm to the public. The industry
still worked hard in minimizing the possibilities of the meltdown risks (Saji,2003).
In the 21st century, the risk part is recognized as a radical violent that happened around
the year 1970. This is a reflection of what was started in 1980 in coming up with their initial
work which was marked by the first profound difficulties in the form of the social management
experienced in the 1970s and 1960s (Vinod, Kushwaha,Verma & Srividya, 2003). Secondly, the
risk management is becoming a specific disillusionment and regulations are required in guarding
the people against the environment and health hazards to from the nuclear reactors (Dml, 2004).
During this time, the sociology discipline sought not only to analyze and describe crises
experienced in the environment and health but also in accounting for the changes that ushered
the end of the mutation and classes within the society. Atomic energy agencies were able to
provide an analytical technique which has helped in interpreting the kind of society individuals
are living. The two presented the outline of the recent methods of managing their society to
eliminate what was commonly known as the traditional of management comprised of political
parties, the trade unions and the class struggle (Kadak & Matsuo 2007). This has dramatically
facilitated in explaining the intellectual situation that exists in Europe. The economic events that
followed an industrial age exposed the many individuals involved within the physical risk
through economic rewards. In the last few years, the advent of the markets and financial