Problem Solving Exercise Assignment PDF

Problem Solving Exercise

INTRODUCTION
Problem solving skills are those which lacks soft skill, these skills help individual to
understand and phrase problem which person is trying to solve. Every problem solving processes
start with recognising the problem (Felin & Zenger, 2014). Main focus of this assignment will be
on legal and ethical decision making and how it helps to healthcare to solve the problems related
to patients.
MAIN BODY
Jenny and her daughter Jillian had accident which caused brain injury due to that they
both lost a lot of blood. They were taken to the hospital in unconscious state and received urgent
blood transfusion. When nurse RN Huang checked Mrs Kim's purse to check about next of kin
but they found “No Blood” card. Dr Frank informed to Jenny's husband Anthony and explained
about patients condition. Then Jenny's husband told about “No Blood” card that they do not
receive blood from others as they were devout Jehovah's Witnesses and this community people
do not believe in taking blood from another person because they that it is against their religion.
Doctor made it clear that without blood transfusion they may not able to survive but Anthony
said that if Jenny will receive blood from other person, she may not able to enter in the heaven
and which will be worse than death. Jenny's brother who was not in the contact due to fight over
religion and does not wanted enter in their private matter. As Anthony's brother told to their
sister and sister called to nurse to ask about patients condition by nurse was not sure whether this
information has to discuss with the Anthony's sister.
Decision making: Every individual has legal right to take their decision related to own
healthcare. Protecting these right needs advance planning and thinking. Personal matters which
are related to health, key planning tool is a type of healthcare advance directive that involves will
of living and also healthcare power of attorney. Legal tools help to direct and healthcare
decisions according to individual's wishes until person is no longer has capability to take
decision for their own health care and treatment. Healthcare advance directives has to indicate
the profound discussion between people close to that person and particular person about
individual's belief and values, preferences & priorities during sincere illness (Schoenfeld, 2014).
As per the case patients were not able to make their own decision but when doctors discussed
with their family, and they were refused to take blood transfusion from another person.
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Ethical framework: It is refers to process through profession ensures the treatment is
satisfactory. Nursing code of ethics is fundamental ethical values and standards to that nursing
profession commits. Ethics is constitutional part of base of nursing. Nursing have differentiated
history of interest for welfare of injured, vulnerable and ill for the social justice. Nursing
includes prevention and control of disease, alleviation of troubled and promotion, restoration and
security of health in the care of people, groups and communities. Nurses are responsible to give
their patients with high quality care (Hosseini, Vihavainen & Brusilovsky, 2014). Nurses are
with no doubt confronted with different ethical challenges in nursing practice so that they should
be able to know ethical codes of decision making and essential of conduct. Nurse holds every
confidential personal information. These information only used for patient's betterment and can
not used for any kind of personal use. Nurse basically has 4 basic responsibilities which include
to upgrade the health, prevent illness, alleviate, restore health and suffering. Nursing necessity is
universal. Every nurse provide care to promote environment in that human rights, spiritual
beliefs, customs and values of person, community and family are also respected.
ICN code of ethics: There are 4 compounds of ICN code of ethics for nurses, such as
nurses & practice, nurses & people, nurses & profession and nurses & co-workers. Nurse also
make sure that person gets correct, enough and well-timed information in culturally suitable
mode on that base respond for the care and appropriate treatment. Nurse advocates for the social
justice and equality in resource allocation, social & economic and approach the healthcare
services. Nurse takes accountability & responsibility for the nursing care and holding
competence by continues learning. And they also demonstrate professional values like
responsiveness, compassion, integrity, respectfulness and trustworthiness (Özsoy & Ataman,
2017). They always practice in good way so that every patient can get a better treatment and care
which they require. They also maintains standard of the personal health like ability to give care
should not be compromised. They uses judgement regarding person competence when delegating
and accepting responsibility. In this case carer has to maintain standards of personal conduct that
reflect well on profession and change its public confidence and image. They ensures that
technology use and scientific advance are congenial with dignity, rights and safety of people.
Nurse seeks to maintain & foster practice that is culture promoting the ethical behaviour
and also open dialogue. Nurses plays a major role in implementing and also determining
satisfactory regulation of the clinical nursing management, research, education and practice
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(Graziano, Rosenbaum & Schuck, 2014). It is progressive in the establishing core of the research
that is mainly based knowledge which influence practice that is evidence based. It is an active in
sustaining & developing centre of professional values. In nursing practice nurse acting through
professional organisation, who participate in making positive practice environment as well as
equitable social, the economic working conditions and maintaining safe in the nursing. These
type of practices protect and to preserve natural environment and know all of consequences on
the person's health. This also commonly contributes to ethical organizational challenges and
environment which is not ethical settings and practices. Nurses sustains respectful and
collaborative relationship with their co workers in other fields and nursing. Nurses prefers
suitable action to guide and support co- worker.
In order to make good decision in ethical and legal manner, the trained sensitivity is
necessary regarding ethical problems and practised techniques to explore ethical aspects for
weighing and decision considerations which should impact on the choice of course action
(Guerra & et. al., 2014). As explained in the case patient can not receive blood due to their
religious beliefs, but it is required if patient's condition considered they need blood to survive.
For doctors and nurse it is very complex situation because even if patient needs blood but they
can not make blood transfusion against family decision. In such cases doctors has to follow
ethics and legal decision framework.
Legal framework consists of territories and states retain responsibility for the passing
legislation in nursing. Nursing code of ethics include decision making process and indicates to
the patients, community and families professions' commitments to maintain human rights and
ethical values. And nursing code of conduct involve some responsibilities which nurse has to
maintain to keep confidential personal information.
Every doctor and nurse have their own roles and responsibilities for patients and their
treatment. According to this case Jehovah's Witnesses refuse to get blood from another person
such religious belief creates barrier to provide a care and treatment to patients who really need it.
Doctors have some ethics and legal decision making which do not allow them to die a person
easily even if they can help that patient (Bardach & Patashnik, 2015). In such cases they can take
intimidate decision which is suitable for individual. Nurses make them understand the
importance of life who is their beloved one. In such condition doctors have to take steps which is
beneficial for patient as life is precious and they can not let any person die so easily as the first
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blood transfusion has undertaken without anyone's concerns because it was emergency and they
did what was right for the present patient. In scenario there is girl who is 15 years old and if
blood is not given to her, it can be lethal for life and it may results in death of the person.
Such conditions could make statement of the desire invalid because this can not be
accepted and that can not given preveniently, has to follow presence from the requirement for
particular treatment derives. In the similar manner refusal can not be considered before any
emergency. Doctors and nurses have been given a training and practice to fulfil the requirement
of patients and people who are with the various needs (Kelaiditi, van Kan & Cesari, 2014). This
kind of practice make people believe and trust on the healthcare and their treatment. If code of
ethics explains about all the duties of healthcare worker and their relationship with patients.
Legal framework governing consent in case of emergency situations for healthcare. In this case
scenario child and mother both needs blood transfusion as per views given a medical
professional, it is necessary to conduct clinical practice of blood transfusion in order to to save
life of mother as well as her child. According to law any law does not say that doctor has to
follow religion and this kind of cases doctors and nurse can not stop treatment and they has to
make decision according to patient's health condition. If doctor will not take any legal decision in
this emergency it can affect both child and mother so blood transfusion can be given to them.
Their family has to understand the patients condition and ethics of doctor which always help to
provide treatment for every patient.
CONCLUSION
As this assignment concluded as the solving problem in case of healthcare is very
important because it can impact on patient's health. There are certain ethics and legal decision
making framework which has to followed by both nurses and doctors to provide an appropriated
treatment. Every nurse and doctor practice to provide a good care and treatment to patients so
that it can improve their current condition. Jehovah's Witnesses people can refuse to blood
transfusion but in such condition doctor has to take some ethics and legal decisions so that they
can save the life of individual.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Felin, T., & Zenger, T. R. (2014). Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the
governance choice. Research policy. 43(5). 914-925.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (2014). Mathematical problem solving. Elsevier.
Hosseini, R., Vihavainen, A., & Brusilovsky, P. (2014). Exploring problem solving paths in a
Java programming course.
Özsoy, G., & Ataman, A. (2017). The effect of metacognitive strategy training on mathematical
problem solving achievement. International Electronic Journal of Elementary
Education. 1(2). 67-82.
Guerra, J. & et. al., (2014). The problem solving genome: Analyzing sequential patterns of
student work with parameterized exercises.
Bardach, E., & Patashnik, E. M. (2015). A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path
to more effective problem solving. CQ press.
Kelaiditi, E., van Kan, G. A., & Cesari, M. (2014). Frailty: role of nutrition and exercise. Current
Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 17(1). 32-39.
Graziano, L. M., Rosenbaum, D. P., & Schuck, A. M. (2014). Building group capacity for
problem solving and police–community partnerships through survey feedback and
training: A randomized control trial within Chicago’s community policing program.
Journal of Experimental Criminology. 10(1). 79-103.
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