Process Engineering Department: Density of Solids Lab Report

This lab report details an experiment conducted in a Process Engineering department to determine the density of various solid objects. The report begins with an introduction to density, its definition, and the formula used (density = mass/volume). The methodology section outlines the materials used (wood, iron, stones) and the procedures for measuring the mass and volume of both regularly and irregularly shaped objects. For regular shapes, dimensions were measured using calipers to calculate volume, while irregular shapes had their volume determined by water displacement. The results section presents the calculated densities for each object, followed by an analysis of the findings. The report concludes that density is a crucial property defined as mass per unit volume and provides a reference to density functional theory.

Process Engineering Department
Lab Report 1
Student Name: …………………………. ID. No: ………………
Date:01st April 2018 Title: Density of Solid Objects
1. Learning Objective
This experiment was conducted to find the density of various materials with fairy shapes,
weight, quality and size.
In this experiment, we needed to find out the density of various materials with varied
shapes and types.
By the end of the experiment we hoped to find out the density of any object irrespective of
their shapes and size
2. Introduction
Density refers to the relative compactness or the measure of an object’s weight relative to
its size. It is mass per unit volume.
Because density is a physical property of matter, it can be measured without the chemical
properties of the substance.
As an intensive property of matter, the value of density is independent of the quantity of
matter. The common units of density include g/cm3, g/mL and g/L
ρ=m
V
ρ = density, kg/m3, or g/(cm)3
m = mass, in kg or g
V = volume, in m3 or (cm)3
In this experiment the main applications are as follows
 wood
 stone
 iron
3. Methodology
a. Materials
In this experiment rectangular pieces of wood, rectangular pieces of iron, irregular
shapes of stones and a ball shape of iron was used.
The devices used include venire caliper, water and funnel.
b. Safety measure
We put on the necessary PPE to protect our body from the various hazards. Upon
completing the experiment, we cleansed all the tools used and returned all the
equipment back to their places.
c. Procedure
We set the required materials on a table and then divided on two groups which
were regularly shaped and irregularly shaped.

One team took measured the masses of each shape. For the regular shapes we
measured the lengths via calipers (length, height and width) to evaluate the volume
form
V =L ×W × H
For irregular shapes, we found the volume by filling a lab jag by water and then
inserting the material on it and evaluated the volume of the spilled water and use
the density formula to calculate the density.

4. Results and Analysis
From the experimental results, using the formulae;
ρ=m
V
V =L ×W × H
We obtained the following results.
Object M in g L in cm W in cm H in cm V in cm ρ in g/cm2
Regular 1 51 g 10.05 cm 4.09 cm 1.825 cm 75.015 cm3 0.679 g/cm2
Regular 2 46 g 6.025 cm 1.095
cm
1.095 cm 7.224 cm3 6.367 g/cm2
Irregular 1 73 g ------- ------- ------- 8 cm3 9.125 g/cm2
Irregular 2 25 g ------- ------- ------- 4 cm3 6.25 g/cm2
5. Conclusion
From the results obtained, we can conclude that density, explicitly defined as the
volumetric density of a substance refers to mass per unit volume. Density is evaluated
from the formula d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume. It is
commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter.
6. References
Parr, R. G. (2011). Density functional theory of atoms and molecules. In Horizons of
Quantum Chemistry (pp. 5-15). Springer, Dordrecht.