Agile Methodologies for R&D Projects
Added on 2020-03-28
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGYINTRODUCTIONProject management is the process of planning, controlling. Organizing and directing a project’s activities. A project is a contractual activity that is designed to produce a unique and specific product or service at the end of the period, with specific time period, budget estimation, scope, quality and resources (which are normally referred to as the primary constraints) (Goff, 2007). A project is also designed to achieve the objectives and goals set and anticipated by the client or customer. Therefore, project management is basically the application of management into a project to enable it succeed in its purpose. The overall goal of project management in every project is to achieve the project’s objectives with the available requirements (Chin et al, 2012). For project management discipline to be effective and efficient, the project managers or the management team must be able to apply their knowledge, skills, techniques and tools in achieving the project’s objectives (Rivera and Kashiwagi, 2016). In other words, the management team must give the process all of their concentration for the project to reach the expected benefits.On the other hand, a methodology is a system of practices, techniques, procedures and rules that are used to guide a group of people working in a certain discipline. A methodology directs the project team on how to conduct themselves, what to do, when and how with the sole aim of completing the project successfully (Chin and Spowage, 2010). Therefore, project management methodology is a discipline that helps project managers to deliver most effective projects using best and most effective practices, skills, knowledge and expertise (Attarzadeh and Ow, 2008). The methodologies are basically used for steering the project process in the right direction and keeping it on the right track (Singh and Lano, 2014). However, different organizations require
different types of methodologies. The criteria for choosing the methodologies are based on various aspects including: organization size, number of employees, type of change desired and technology being used to name a few things (Karaman and Kurt, 2015). O the other hand, the methodologies may be very similar and use almost the same techniques. Therefore, choosing the right methodology for a business can be quite tricky but it is still possible. The following are some examples of project management methodologies: Agile, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Scrum, Kanban, Lean and XP to name a few.TYPES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIESAGILE METHODOLOGYIt was developed in 2001 by a group of engineers. This method is not actually a method but rather a set of principles for developing software devices. It is commonly used and famously popular for organizations that require software development projects (Rasnacis and Berzisa, 2017). Also, it is commonly used by large organizations with large technological modifications. However, when used a project, its main purpose is to offer the project managers and the client a chance to collaborate repeatedly with a common objective, delivering software that works for theorganization (Hu et al, 2009). This methodology is an overall over its subsequent like Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Kanban and Scrumban methodologies (O'Sheedy, 2012). Agile is wholly designed for organizations that need flexibility and speed. To be able to manage its purpose, this methodology is made up of phase or steps which are referred to as sprints. These steps have to be followed and rules adhered to for the project to be complete and successful.Requirements for Agile MethodologyUsed for organizations that require software development
Used in large business organizationsSuitable for project requiring less control and monitoringUsed in projects that require frequent and effective communications between the client and the project managersUsed in projects with flexible requirements and demandsSuitable Methodology for Organization CThe best project management methodology suitable for this organization is the Agile methodology. This is simply because the organization is composed of most of the requirements needed for Agile methodology. From the case study information, organization C has a very large number of employees (1200) which technically makes it a large organization. Furthermore, the organization has locations and customers all over the world which makes it an international organization. In addition to that, it offers technological services which mean that its services are related to software system development of any technological development or improvement operations.Organization C CharacteristicsIs an international business organizationDeals with technological development and improvement servicesHave a wide range of customers, i.e. large market share and segmentHas the largest number of employeesAgile Methodology Implementation PlanOrganization C should follow the following steps in order for it to implement this methodology effectively (Stare, 2013):
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