Product and Service Development: A Comprehensive Guide for Unilever

This report delves into the intricate processes involved in new product and service development, using Unilever as a case study. It explores the stages of the product life cycle, the importance of customer integration, and the strategic choices required for effective product line management. The report also examines the critical role of teamwork, creative development, and presentation in achieving success in product development. Through a detailed analysis of Unilever's Dove Shower Gel, the report provides practical insights and recommendations for businesses seeking to innovate and thrive in a competitive market.

Unit 22: Product and Service
Development
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Table of Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................4
LO1 Explain and demonstrate processes involved in new product and service development.......5
P1 Explain the processes involved in the development of products and services and the levels
of customer integration......................................................................................................5
P2 Apply these processes in the application to the development of a specific organisational
product or service.............................................................................................................7
M1 Consistently demonstrates a justified application of subject knowledge and understanding
to the processes of product or service development..............................................................9
LO2 Assess the life cycle stage of the products or services in a company’s portfolio and evaluate
whether innovation, adaptation or renovation are needed for the individual products and services.
.........................................................................................................................................10
P3 Assess the life-cycle stage of the products or services in a company’s portfolio...............10
P4 Evaluate which appropriate product line management choices are required for individual
products or services.........................................................................................................12
M2 Provide a coherent and justified evaluation that is supported by material synthesised from
a range of validated sources.............................................................................................13
LO3 Design and pitch a new/ renovated product and service..................................................14
P5 Design and pitch a product or service taking in to account market testing, product/service
launch, and distribution...................................................................................................14
M3 Design a creative, dynamic and detailed pitch that provides evidence of a well-planned,
developed and evaluated product or service......................................................................14
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D1 Provide a well-articulated, coherent and logically presented pitch that has a fully justified
approach to decision-making throughout the development process, market launch and
distribution.....................................................................................................................27
LO4 Demonstrate an ability to critically reflect on the skills of team working, creative
development and presentation..............................................................................................28
P6 Complete a reflective statement that critically reflects on a team working, creative
development and presentation..........................................................................................28
M4 Address concerns and issues with recommendations for improvements.........................30
D2 Provide an insightful and independent reflection on teamwork and creative development,
giving valid and justified recommendations......................................................................31
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................32
References.........................................................................................................................33
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Introduction
The business organisation produces as well as manufacture product, item and substance for the
sale whereas, services are offered to compete with their competitors in the large marketplace. In
today’s large competitive market it becomes highly important for the company to give core
attention towards their products and services. To satisfy needs of customers every company
provides high-quality goods and services. There are so many processes which have been
followed by the business organisation while creating any product in the marketplace. The major
objective of the company is to develop new products in order to fulfill customer’s needs and
requirements.
This project report is based on Unilever organisation which is based in London, United
Kingdom. This organisation offers a large range of products and services to its domestic as well
as foreign customers to enhance their satisfaction level. The statistics revealed that over 400
brands products have been a sale by Unilever every year through which company generates
around 50 billion euros in the year 2016. There are various steps and process involved in the new
product and services which improved services of Unilever. In this reports, different stages of
product life cycle have been explained. Also, the several processes of a product like a product
launch, market testing, and distribution has been discussed in this report. In the end, reflection
has been developed of the team working, development and creative presentation.
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LO1 Explain and demonstrate processes involved in new product and service development.
Introduction
The section of the report highlights the process that is involved in the development of products
and services and also the levels that are involved in the integration of the customers’ needs and
wants. In addition, the section highlights on the application of the process in an effective manner
so that the development of the products and services can be achieved.
P1 Explain the processes involved in the development of products and services and the
levels of customer integration.
To ensure customer integration it is essential that an effective process is developed so that all the
activities are managed and coordinated in a smooth manner. Development of an effective process
provides a suitable parameter for the process of the production of the products and services
(Jugend & Silva, 2012). In the context of the Unilever that deals with the products related to
nutrition, hygiene, and products of personal care can adopt the following process in the
development of the products and services that can further support in the integration of the needs
and wants of the varied customers:
For maintaining its position company have to give focus on its product and service development
process because if company provide negative experience to its customers then they like to avoid
that services. It is necessary for the company to offer high-quality services to customers for
making their experience good (Yeager and Nafukho, 2012).
Unilever develops their goods and services by considering the level of customer integration. The
company develops Dove Shower gel shower gel so it is essential for the company to share
information and details regarding the products with customers. By producing products and
services under customer integration Unilever can provide high satisfaction to customers. There
are several steps that are followed by the company in the development process which are as
under:
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(Figure 1: Steps involved in product development)
(Source: An organised new product development process, 2015)
Step 1: Generation of the idea: The first and the foremost step involves the generation of idea
regarding the choice of product that is required to be developed. For the purpose, the concerned
company is required to make a proper and adequate research and ensure that all the activities that
can provide opportunities and threats to the concerned company must be properly evaluated
(Patil, et. al., 2012).
Step 2: Screening of ideas: The second step involves the identification of the factors that
support in gaining the valuable points. In addition, the steps support in ensuring that the
company identifies its strengths in the best possible manner so that all the weakness and threats
can be overcome. Unilever must be making a proper evaluation of the factors that is flexibility,
affordability etc. to gain valuable points for an effective process of development (Hsu, 2013).
Step 3: Adequate concept development and testing: This step involves that the Unilever must
after a screening of the ideas make a proper blueprint of the activities that are to be followed so
that there is no hindrance in the further activities of the development process. This will support
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the company in getting a detailed description of all the activities such that it will ensure that there
is no overlapping of the activities and also ensures that there is no wastage of the resources
(Lusch & Nambisan, 2015).
Step 4: Analysis of strategy and development: After the concerned business has analysed the
product to be developed. The next step involves the formulation of various strategies that are
required to be adopted and implemented so as to gain better profitability and growth. Also, the
step will ensure that various strategies can be evaluated so that an effective strategy can be
adopted that can provide maximum benefits.
Step 5: Development of product: After adopting suitable strategy Unilever is required to
convert the idea into an actual product. Apart, the concerned company is required to test all the
strategy as adopted at the previous stage in the current stage so as to ensure that the activities of
the product development are being effectively carried on.
Step 6: Testing the marketing effect: The concerned step is a crucial step that involves testing
the product from the selected customer and gaining their feedback so as to make suitable changes
in the product if required before introducing the product into the market (Hsu, 2013).
Step 7: Commercialisation: The last step involves the launching of the product that further
involves making an appropriate decision regarding how the product and in what manner the
product is required to be brought into the knowledge of the product. In this step, newly products
are manufactured as well as distributed by the Unilever for achieving high-profit margin.
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P2 Apply these processes in the application to the development of a specific organisational
product or service.
Unilever is a basically a consumer goods company in the United Kingdom which offer a wide
range of products and services to customers. Its products are cleaning agents, beverages, and
personal care goods. In today's competitive business environment Unilever wants to develop its
new products namely Dove Shower gel shower gel for its customers. For developing this
products company has to follow product and services development process which helps in
achieving high profitability and sales.
The process related to the development of the product is required to be adopted and implemented
in an effective manner in order to achieve success in relation to the activities of the concerned
company (Amue & Adiele, 2012). In the context of the Unilever, the team of the concerned
company firstly generate the idea of introducing a product that can satisfy the customer needs
and wants in propriety to the other competitive brands. For the purpose, the company tends to
identify the idea of a product name, Dove Shower gel.
After the generation of the idea, the team of the concerned company focused on the factors and
aspects that can support in building up the level of strengths and identifying the weakness and
threats that can generate. The step will support the company in managing the weakness and
threats and thereby get the proper application of the process. Further, the team is required to
concentrate on the step by step activities that are required to be taken so as to avoid any
hindrance and barriers (Lesáková, 2012).
Apart, the team of the Unilever at the latter level is required to formulate various strategies for
the development of the product “Dove Shower gel” so that proper evaluation can be made of
different strategies such that an appropriate strategy can be selected that can provide maximum
benefits. Further, when the team has made effective strategy the next step involves the
development of the product in the tangible form. This will require proper and appropriate
working so that the product can be effectively developed (Lusch & Nambisan, 2015).
After all these steps Unilever will try to the test the suitability of the product from a certain set of
the customers and tries to get their feedback before the launch of the product in the market. In
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the concerned step the company tries to find the changes if any that is required and if the team of
the company becomes satisfied with the feedback then it launches the product in the market. The
entire process of the development of the product supports in the proper and smooth functioning
of the operations of the concerned company.
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M1 Consistently demonstrates a justified application of subject knowledge and
understanding to the processes of product or service development.
The process of development of a product is very vital and crucial as it supports the management
and the authorities of the concerned company in making an effective decision with regards to the
product (Amue & Adiele, 2012). The process supports the company in making a proper decision
with regards to the steps to be taken in the entire process, the strategies that can be used to
develop a product in an effective manner the authorities of the concerned company. Further, the
process supports the management and authorities in gaining a proper and adequate understanding
with all the opportunities that can be gained and also all the threats that can be faced while
carrying the operation with regards to the development of the product (Jugend & Silva, 2012).
Unilever company follow well-structured product and service development process for
developing its new product Dive Shower Gel. It involves five steps like idea generation,
screening, idea evaluation, development, and commercialisation. By following all these step
companies can develop Dove Shower gel shower gel effectively (Mahmutllari, 2014).
In addition, the development of the product involves many steps and procedures that support in
developing a product that can satisfy the needs and wants of the customer. Also, the concerned
company in availing the benefits of managing the changes at every step without disturbing the
overall operations. The company if carries the processes of development in an efficient manner it
can generate well position in the market and thereby will support in the easy and early
achievement of the goals and objectives (Hsu, 2013).
Conclusion
The section of the report concludes that the development of the product requires an effective
process so that the product developed can satisfy the needs and wants of the customer that can
further lead to the easy achievement of the goals and objectives of the company. In addition, the
section concludes that the process will support the team of the company in getting the valuable
points.
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LO2 Assess the life cycle stage of the products or services in a company’s portfolio and
evaluate whether innovation, adaptation or renovation are needed for the individual
products and services.
Introduction
The section of the report highlights the stages in relation to the life of the product. The section
also deals with the aspects related to the innovation, adaptation, and renovation that are required
to be considered by the company for effective operations and success.
P3 Assess the life-cycle stage of the products or services in a company’s portfolio.
A product gets through various stages that are required to be understood by the companies in an
effective manner so as to ensure that the smooth operations and working. In brief of Unilever,
product lifecycle supports the company in getting the knowledge in relation to the phases
through which the product will move in the marketplace. The product life cycle in case of Dove
Shower gel can is the stage of introduction, stage of growth, stage of maturity and stage of
decline that can be a useful aspect in the concept of marketing (Bhambri, 2015).
Introduction stage
The first stage in the product life cycle involves the knowledge and the skills of the personnel
who are in charge of introducing the product in the market. Apart, the team is required to make
an effective process of research so as to gain valuable facts that can have a great impact on the
sales of the new product which is Dove Shower Gel. After conducting a proper research and
gaining valuable aspects the product is required to be launch in the market so that the product
can be in the reach of a greater section of the customers. It is a most expensive step for the
Unilever company in which it required huge capital for introducing its new product Dove
Shower Gel in the large marketplace (Khan & Billah, 2013).
Growth stage
The next step in the stages of product life cycle is the stage of growth. Under this stage, the
product is operating in the market and the consumer is becoming habitual with regards to the use
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of the product. The stage depicts that the customers are satisfied with regards to the terms and
conditions of the product. This represents that the sale of the product is increasing at a fast rate.
This further supports the concerned company in facing the competition and thereby generating a
good position in the market (Patil, et. al., 2012). In this step, Unilever spends big amount of
money on promotion of its new Dove Shower gel so that a large number of people get attracted
towards it.
Maturity stage
In the concerned stage, the product cost is decreased due to the increased demand for the
product. The stage is very crucial for the business operations as many new players tend to enter
the market (Bhambri, 2015). Apart, the stage requires that the team involved in the introduction
of the product in the market makes proper and appropriate efforts on bringing advancements and
up gradation of the products so that the concerned company can maintain its position and share
in the market in an effective manner.
Decline stage
The last and the final stage in the stage of life cycle of the product is the stage of decline. The
main focus on this stage is on the factor of the price that is to be managed in an appropriate
manner as the level of sales falls in this phase (Khan & Billah, 2013). Apart, in the concerned
stage earning of profit becomes a challenging factor for the companies the sales level is declined
and the customer tends to lose interest in the product.
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P4 Evaluate which appropriate product line management choices are required for
individual products or services.
Product line management choice includes various factors that support in making a strong
position of the product in the market. Product line management is a broad concept that that
involves sales, operations, manufacturing, and marketing. Apart the concept involves that the
product should serve the standards in relation to the prices, size, color, packages etc. Further, the
macro factors, innovation, and the trends that are prevailing in the environment. It is important
for Unilever to give high attention to the packaging, labeling, color, and looks of Dove Shower
Gel for attracting huge customers. The company should add the proper amount of fragrance,
Dioxane, Triclosan etc in its new product. The company has to develop effective and great Dove
Shower gel because there are so many other companies which give tough competition such as
Nivea, Neutrogena, Fiama, Pears and many more.
Standardisation of the products is a crucial element in this aspect which involves the quality of
the product, it's packaging, it's labeling etc. Standardisation of the product ensures that all the
information that can support in developing an effective judgment of the customers is clearly
stated. Apart the standardisation of the products supports the concerned company in ensuring that
the level of competition can is faced effectively. In addition, the concerned company can get the
following benefits such as reduction in cost factors, improved quality and enhanced satisfaction
of the customers (Khan & Billah, 2013).
Another measure that can be taken by the concerned company can be a modification of the
product in accordance with the changes in the environment so that the company can face the
competition and also can serve the needs and expectations of the customers in an effective
manner. The product that is being offered by the company that lux needs to ensure that the
product offers the advantages as per the requirement of the customer (Patil, et. al., 2012). This
will support in ensuring that the level of sales is increased and thereby ends up in the
maximisation of growth and productivity. Apart, there are various threats from the environment
that are required to be observed and managed effectively so as to avoid any hindrance in normal
operations.
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M2 Provide a coherent and justified evaluation that is supported by material synthesised
from a range of validated sources.
Product life cycle supports the company in managing and getting knowledge of various phases
that a product undergoes. Apart, the product life cycle supports in the managing the changes that
are operating in the external environment. Product life cycle consists of various stages that are
required to be observed the company so as to manage the overall operations in an effective
manner. In the stage of introduction, the information of the product is provided in the market so
that the customer becomes aware regarding a new product. The information provided at this
stage can be related to the price, quality, brand, material used etc. At the stage of growth, the
company tries to make the product more advanced and updated so as to have a better status of the
product in the market (Campbell, et. al., 2016).
In the stage of maturity, the focus is made on the factors related to the price due to extensive
competition and increased level of demand. Due to extensive competition at this phase, this stage
requires that the team of the company focus on improving the quality of the product so that the
customer prefer the product of the concerned company instead of the product that is being
offered by the customer. At the last stage that is the stage of decline, proper and effective
strategies are required to be developed so as to bring some improvements in the product that can
further support in managing the phase effectively.
Unilever is required to understand the stages of product life cycle so as to ensure that the
operations are carried in accordance with the needs and wants of the environment.
Conclusion
The section of the report concludes that the team of the personnel’s must have a proper focus on
the phases involved in the stages of the product life cycle so as to manage and take effective
steps that are required to ensure smooth functions and working patterns. Apart, the benefits that
can support in innovation and improvement have also been discussed.
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LO3 Design and pitch a new/ renovated product and service.
P5 Design and pitch a product or service taking in to account market testing,
product/service launch, and distribution.
M3 Design a creative, dynamic and detailed pitch that provides evidence of a well-planned,
developed and evaluated product or service.
Slide 1:
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Slide 2:
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Slide 3:
Service and design is a process that explained the relationship between customers, process,
product and manufacturing new service and product effectively and efficiently. Unilever gives
high focus on the use of high technology and innovation for maintaining its long-term stability in
the large competitive marketplace. This organisation can develop great Dove Shower Gel at a
lower price by using high technology.
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Slide 4:
It is essential for an organisation to go design new products and services according to the current
requirement of the customers and market through which they can achieve high growth and
success. Testing assists organisation to understand the impact of new services on the customers
and employees will develop a proper solution with the help of brainstorming (Hsu, 2012).
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Slide 5:
There are so many processes involving from designing to launching the new products and
services in the marketplace. Unilever provides a wide range of goods and services to its
customers. For increasing market share as well as to attract a large number of customers
company design new product plan and launch it in the marketplace. By using high technology
company make modification in its existing products for improving quality and effectiveness. The
organisation evaluates market needs and according develop new product plan. After then provide
appropriate training to its employees so that they can implement the plan in a suitable manner
(Mahmutllari, 2014).
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Slide 6:
There are so many processes involved in the new product development as a company has to
generate idea first and then start work accordingly. It is very much important to scan the
generated idea for analysing the accurate result. After then market testing of the new product is
conducted by the management for analysing the impact of the new product on its customers and
competitors. It is essential for a business organisation to analyse market condition before
launching any new product and services in the marketplace (Practice Fusion, 2018).
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Slide 7:
With the help of high technology and advanced methods, Unilever develops unique and high-
quality products and services for its customers which will enhance their level of satisfaction.
There is a large range of products offered by the organisation in which they can implement
technology for improving and modification to attract a large number of customers (Amue &
Adiele, 2012). There must be appropriate training programs provided to a staff member for using
technology and advanced methods in the process of manufacturing.
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Slide 8:
This slide shows that there are so many limitations which are faced by the management by using
advanced methods and high technology in the organisation. For improving quality of products
and develop innovative product company take help of technology due to which management face
so many issues. It becomes important for the management to conduct proper training programs
for the employees so that they get technology friendly. This will require huge capital which
makes a negative impact on the revenue generation of the organisation (Amue & Adiele, 2012).
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Slide 9:
It is necessary for the management to develop new product and services according to the needs
and demands of the customers. Unilever organisation offers more than 400 products to its
customers. With the help of technology company can easily improve quality of existing goods
and by modification launch them in the marketplace (Practice Fusion, 2018). Technology and
new advance methods assist in enhancing profit margin as well as sales of product and services.
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Slide 10:
The new product and services must be beneficial for the individual and customers. It is necessary
for an organisation to design new product plan in an effective way so that a large number of
customer get attracted towards the products and services of the organisation. By launching a new
and innovative product and services in the large competitive marketplace company can enhance
its reputation and goodwill among its customers.
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Slide 11:
It has been determined that business organisation need to develop great idea and plan for
launching a new product in the large marketplace to achieve growth and success. It is necessary
to develop some unique product which has different features that make them different from
others. This will attract a huge number of people towards the new products and services.
Unilever offers a huge range of goods and services in the global market by launching a new
product in small gaps company can make its position between competitors for the long time
period.
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D1 Provide a well-articulated, coherent and logically presented pitch that has a fully
justified approach to decision-making throughout the development process, market launch
and distribution.
In the product and service development, the most important element is a product launch, new
product development process, and distribution which play a major role in the growth and
success. A business organisation can develop new products and services in most appropriate and
proper manner by giving high attention to all these components (Goetsch and Davis, 2014).
There are five steps involved in the product development process such as idea generation,
screening, idea evolution, development as well as commercialisation. By following all these
steps company can generate high sales and profit margin effectively and efficiently. Unilever
follows all these steps while developing Dove Shower Gel in the large marketplace.
All these steps assist the company to launch new product and services in the global market to
retain customers for the long time period. Unilever can develop effective product and services by
taking help of product development process. It will also assist the business organisation to
develop strong strategies and take right decision related to new product launching. New product
development process includes various processes which are market research, market conditions
and develop those goods which fulfill current requirements of customers. With the help of this
process, Unilever improves quality of its goods and services (Lusch and Nambisan, 2015).
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LO4 Demonstrate an ability to critically reflect on the skills of team working, creative
development and presentation.
Introduction
The section of the report has highlighted on the aspects of the teamwork that can effectively
manage the process of bringing into the creativity and the development of the product. Further,
the report has described the benefits that can be availed from the teamwork. Also, the critical
areas where improvements are required have been discussed clearly.
P6 Complete a reflective statement that critically reflects on a team working, creative
development and presentation.
Unilever company must ensure that all the employees and the staff work in a proper team so that
the activities and the operations are carried in a smooth manner. Teamwork is an aspect that
supports in ensuring that all the activities are coordinated and leads to the achievement of the
goals and objectives. Teamwork ensures that the efficiency of the company is increased and also
support in getting the maximum benefits with minimum resources. In addition, the teamwork
supports in handling the changes and effectively managing them so that all the risk factors are
avoided and the process of work is carried in an appropriate manner leading to enhanced results
(Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).
As per my view, creative development requires that the team of the personnel’s that are engaged
in the process of development needs to have proper and innovative ideas so that to have some
enhance of the product in relation to the product of the competitors. Creative development is
highly important as its support in the generation of new and innovative ideas that can better serve
the needs and wants of the customers. In the changing scenario, when there is extensive
competition there is a great need that the concerned company provides some enhancements in the
product so that the customer is attracted in a better way. For the purpose, the concerned company
must ensure that the employees equally participate in the management process so that many new
ideas can generate that can support in a better decision (Kotler, 2015).
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The presentation also requires that the company should be innovative in relation to the offering
of the product to the end users. In order to achieve success and effective growth, it is quite
essential that the product is presented in a manner that can attract the maximum audience. Also,
the presentation of the products makes the product more viable that further results in increased
sales and productivity.
As per my view, Unilever must ensure that all the factors that are teamwork, creativity and
presentation must be properly understood and managed so as to achieve the goals and objectives
in an effective manner (Cummings and Worley, 2014).
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M4 Address concerns and issues with recommendations for improvements
Unilever will achieve set goals and objectives in an effective manner if organisation considered
team working, presentation and creative development. If employees work in group and teams
then they can share their thoughts and ideas through which company can develop great new
product and services to enhance a number of customers. Many times so many conflicts arise in
team working and team development which impacts negatively on the performance and
profitability of the organisation.
If less communication takes place between a member of group and employees then several
misunderstanding can build among them due to which they performance get affected. It is highly
important for the management to create positive and healthy working environment within the
organisation where people will share ideas to develop new product and services in the large
competitive business environment (Charter and Tischner, 2017).
Unilever offers a wide range of products and services to its domestic as well as foreign
customers. For marinating long-term presence in the global market, the company launches a new
product which has a unique feature that attracts large customers. With the help of the team,
working company get great ideas and innovative thinking thoughts through employees who assist
to enhance the effectiveness of products and services.
With the help of recommendations, the company can easily tackle issues in future to achieve
better result and growth in the competitive marketplace (Lucas and Spencer, 2017). Unilever
should provide proper training and development programs to its employees for enhancing their
skills and knowledge.
The company will easily tackle any difficult situation if it has highly skilled and qualifies
employees. Unilever should use innovative ideas and advance technology for improving quality
of it's existing as well as new products and services (Laudon and Laudon, 2016).
There are so many issues and problems have been faced by the business organisation which can
easily handle by employees by using their skills and knowledge. If any issue arises in the future
30

company will easily solve them effectively and achieve better result and growth in the large
competitive business environment.
D2 Provide an insightful and independent reflection on teamwork and creative
development, giving valid and justified recommendations.
A business organisation can easily attain set goals and objectives effectively by taking help of
creative development and teamwork within the workplace. Business activities should be operated
in the proper way by doing work in team and group to attain better outcomes. The company can
ensure success and growth with the help of creative development.
Unilever should develop new product and services by giving high focus on team working,
creative development and group. This organisation can improve its market share by launching
new product and services in the global market (Campbell, et. al., 2016).
It can be said that teamwork and creative development assist in archiving high profitability as
well as profitability. In the business organisation team presentation play very major role in
making a successful business plan for the growth and development of the competitive market.
For example, Employees of Unilever will easily tackle difficult situation by doing work in team
and group and reduce the chance of loss and risk.
The company should allocate the work between all members according to the mutual cooperation
so that they can complete their work on time (An organised new product development process,
2015).
Conclusion
By evaluating this section of the report it has been determined that business organisation need to
adopt team working, creative development and presentation to achieve better result and growth
in the large competitive business environment. It is highly important for the Unilever to give
focus on the employee’s relation to avoid the chance of conflicts.
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Conclusion
By analysing this report it has been concluded that there is a various process involved in the new
product launching. Before manufacturing and producing a new product in the marketplace it is
essential for the company to analysis current requirement of customers to fulfill their needs and
demand in an effective manner. For achieving high sales and profit margin Unilever follow
product lifecycle methods in the portfolio of the company. It is essential to identify the need for
innovation and creation in the production process of the new products and services. With the help
of high technology company can easily develop a large quantity of Dove Shower Gel at
Minimum cost for satisfying customers' needs and wants. This will also reduce wastages of
resources and enhance the quality of products and services. Unilever can increase the quality of
its product and services by taking help of high technology. Also, the demand for goods can be
easily analysed before manufacturing the goods which will promote the services effectively in
the large marketplace.
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