This report focuses on the development of a new product, 'The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate', targeting parents and children. It discusses the idea stage, target audience, key competitors, cost analysis, developmental stage, and commercial stage.
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Running head: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author note:
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1PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Introduction The following report will aim to demonstrate the key components underlying the development of a new product throughout its idea, development and commercial changes. A muffin is a type quick bread, usually sweetened, which is baked inside moulds to form a raised, round and browned top (Stewart & Zimmer, 2018). This product development paper will focus upon sweetened, chocolate flavored muffins, keeping in mind a target audience of parents and children. Discussion Idea Stage Category Overview To gain ideas for product development market analysis was considered, along with closely examining current market trends and consumer preferences (Tennant & Bruyninckx, 2018). The newly development product has named as ‘The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate’. The product belongs ‘Mixed Foods’ and ‘Pre-prepared meals’ categories as developed by the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ, 2019). This is a rapidly expanding food category considering that more and more Australians are reaching out for convenience foods due to lack of time and busy occupational schedules. The increased demand for convenience foods was what prompted the inspiration behind development of a ‘ready-to-eat’ product (Peters et al., 2017).
2PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN The productcan alsobe classifiedas‘Confectionery’and‘Chocolateand Cocoa Products’ (FSANZ, 2019). Chocolate bars are enjoyed 14.2 million Australians – indicating the rapidly expanding nature of this category. However, the high saturated fat and sugar content within chocolate products and the rising risk of cardiovascular diseases prompted the idea behind developing a healthier chocolate product. The developed product contains healthier ingredients like vegetables, sugar substitutes, beans and unsaturated oils (Australian Food News, 2019). This product can also be categorized as ‘Cakes, muffins and pastries’ (FSNAZ, 2019). Gluten consumption has reduced in Australia, due to increased prevalence of gluten intolerance, celiac disease and health awareness. Australians now prefer unique, ‘artisanal’ baked products rather than s white bread. This prompted the development of a double chocolate flavored gluten- free muffin. Further, manufactures retail products which are muffin mixes and require additional cooking effort. To gain competitive advantage, ready-to-eat product development was considered (Nobel, 2019). Target Audience School going children, aged 2 to 17 years of age, along with their parents, were selected as the target audience. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 25% of children aged 2 to 17 were reported to be obese or overweight during 2017-2018. A major reason contributing to such alarming data is the increased preference to consume convenience and discretionary products by children as compared to other core food groups (AIHW, 2018). Further, considering current busy occupational lifestyles, parents are likely to reach out for such products to feed their children. However, convenience foods are rich in sugar, sodium and saturated fats which increase the risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. ‘The Healthy Muffin’ was hence developed to offer an enjoyable yet healthier alternative due to its lower fat and sugar
3PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN content as well prevalence of core food groups like legumes and vegetables, whose flavor has been masked with chocolate (Hayes et al., 2016). Key Competitors A key weakness of these competitors is the availability of gluten free muffin in the form of dry mixes. ‘The Healthy Muffin’ is likely to be preferred more by parents for whom convenience is a major priority. However, due to the cooked form of the product, it is likely that it will have a shorter shelf life as compared to the dry mixes, and hence, may not be preferred by parents who want convenience mixes which can be freshly prepared from home (Boscaino et al., 2017). One of the competitors can be found to offer a muffin mix, completely free of other potential allergens in addition to gluten and thus is likely to gain higher consumer preference who have special dietary requirements. Competitors offering prepared gluten free cupcakes may pose to be a threat to the developed product. However, the developed product offers larger portion sizes and more number of servings at lower costs comparatively and is thus, likely to yield a better competitive advantage (Appendices, Tables 1 and 2) (Tess et al., 2015). Comparative Cost Analysis Two manufacturers offering gluten muffin mixes are observed to offer larger serving sizes and approximate per serving weight of 60 to 70 grams (Appendix, Table 1). In comparison to the same, it can be observed that ‘The Healthy Muffin’ offers a much larger serving size weight with the same number of servings, with however, a higher cost as compared to the competitors (Appendix, Tables 1 and 2). The higher price is however justified considering that product mixes exclude costs of additional ingredients and labour and ready-to-eat products like ‘The Healthy Muffin’ provide greater convenience (WronkoWska, 2016). The benefits of health offered from the lower fat, sodium and sugar content and higher vegetable and legume content as
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4PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN compared to competitors outweighs the higher costs associated with convenience (Appendices, Tables 1 and 2) (Dubrovskaya et al., 2017). Two other competitors however, are observed to provide prepared muffins of larger serving sizes and may prove to be a threat to ‘The Healthy Muffin’. However, these muffins offered from these competitors are devoid of the healthier ingredients and nutritional content prevalent in the new product and further have a higher cost as compared to target product developed (Hussain et al., 2019). Further, the cost effectiveness offered from these competitors are accompanied by only 2 to 4 servings as compared to 12 servings of the target product (Appendices, Table 1 and Table 2). Thus the comparative cost analysis reveals that while larger serving sizes at lower costs may be offered by competitors, they are devoid of the improved portion size, serving numbers and nutrient content prevalent in the newly developed product (Appendix, Tables 1, 2 and 3). Developmental Stage Desired Nutrition and Physical Characteristics The muffin base was prepared using healthier gluten free alternatives like cannellini beans, zucchini, carrot and beetroot. These ingredients not only contribute to the high fiber and protein content of the muffins but also provide micronutrients like vitamin A, potassium, zinc, magnesium, iron and phosphorous (Struck et al., 2016). Erythritol was used – a sugar alcohol contribute 70% sweetness with only 6% of the calories in sugar. Instead of saturated fats, extra virgin olive oil was used (Hadjikinova et al., 2016). Considering current trends of organic food and food sovereignty, all ingredients were sourced from local Australian markets and genetically modified foods were avoided (Appendices, Table 3) (Davila & Dyball, 2015).
5PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Methodology and Recipe Testing The initial recipe was free from chocolate which is why, the muffins tasted very bitter and undesirable. Adjusting the proportion of vegetables with dark chocolate resulted in better tasting chocolate muffins. The initial recipe also resulted in a muffin with a very wet crumb. Increasing the proportion of coconut flour and chia seeds resulted in a much firmer muffin (Appendices, Table 2). Final Standard Recipe The final standard recipe thus comprised of a muffin base of beans, coconut flour, cacao powder, chia flour with addition of dark chocolate, beets, zucchini, carrots and extra virgin olive oil respectively. This recipe contributed to a chocolate muffin with lower fat, sodium and sugar content and higher protein and fiber content as compared to competitors (Appendices, Tables 2 and 3). Sensory Evaluation The initial recipe was yielded very low sensory evaluation scores due to its bitter content and wet crumb. After adjusting the chocolate, chia and coconut flour content, higher scores were received due to better taste and texture. After replacing rice malt syrup with Erythritol, the sweetnessofthemuffinsincreasedandinducedpositiveresponsesfromallparticipants (Appendices, Table 4). HACCP The product can be stored at room temperature for 3 to 4 days when kept in a cool, dry place away from sunlight. The shelf life of the product is prolonged for 7 days when refrigerated at 18C. To retain freshness, the muffins must be cling wrapped prior to refrigeration. The
6PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN ingredients however contain allergens like eggs, which must be considered prior to consumption (Appendices, Table 2) (Sakač et al., 2016). Detailed Costing The detailed costing was arrived at $ 25.00 for preparing the standard recipe of 12 muffins and hence, $ 3.00 for a single muffin, respectively. This costs is higher because of ingredients like vegetables, gluten free flour alternatives and chocolate used. Labour costs have been priced considering the skill required to arrive at the desired sensory and textural qualities of the developed muffin (Bartolozzo,Borneo & Aguirre, 2016). The higher cost was also contributed by packaging material since food grade paperboard boxes have been used instead of cheaper plastic (Appendices, Table 2) (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2017). Commercial Stage Packaging Process and Strategy The packaging material to be used will comprise of individual boxes for each muffin, made out of food grade paperboard quality. Food grade paper, in comparison to plastic, is recyclable,biodegradableandfreefromharmfulchemicalslikesurfactants,colorants, plasticizers, accelators, monomers, flame retardants and biocides. The individual boxes also have a transparent window on the top to allow consumers to visually inspect the product (Appendix, Figure 1) (Pivnenko, Laner & Astrup, 2016). NIP Development In order to comply with Standards 3.2.1, 3.3.1 and HACCP the label has mentionedthe temperatures to be maintained, date of manufacturing and expiry for storage as well prevalence of potentialallergens(likeegg) (FSANZ,2019).To complytoFSNAZStandard1.2.4.
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7PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN ingredients have been listed in descending order of weight with mandatory declaration for allergens (FSANZ, 2013). As per FSNAZ Standard 1.2.8, macronutrient content, health claims serving sizes and weights percentage of Daily Intake have been labeled (FSANZ, 2013). Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy for ‘The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate’, will be divided into three components (Appendices, Table 5). Social Media Promotion:A social media page or website of the product will be developed where pictures, benefits and details of the product will be posted regularly. The video resource will also be used to make information promotion more enjoyable across the target audience (Thomkaew et al., 2018). Visual Resources/Video Demonstration:If computer arrangements are presence, an audiovisualpresentationorvideopresentationcanbedemonstratedbytheseller, comprising of information on the benefits of the developed product. Alternatively, the video maybe played in a laptop for customers to view during buying (Pérez-Villarreal, Martínez-Ruiz & Izquierdo-Yusta, 2019). On-the-Spot Customer Feedback:Small samples will be provided so that feedback can be acquired from customers, even if they do not buy it. Contact details will be taken so thatmailsormessagescanbesenttoupdateaboutnewproductdevelopments (Radojevic, Stanisic & Stanic, 2015). Reading Resources:Consumers will be provided with brochures and flyers containing the information presented in the video so that can read about the product at home and contact the seller if interested (Celuch, Robinson & Walsh, 2015).
8PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Conclusion Thus, to conclude, this paper successfully demonstrates the development of a gluten free chocolate flavored muffins. Future improvements must focus upon other flavors, removal of other allergens and reduction of costs to ensure competitive advantage over competitors.
9PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN References AIHW. (2018). Overweight & obesity Overview - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved5November2019,fromhttps://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/behaviours- risk-factors/overweight-obesity/overview. Australian Food News. (2019). Australia's favourite chocolate bars, market research findings | AustralianFoodNews.Retrieved5November2019,from https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2013/08/12/australia%E2%80%99s-favourite- chocolate-bars-market-research-findings.html. Bartolozzo, J., Borneo, R., & Aguirre, A. (2016). Effect of triticale-based edible coating on muffinqualitymaintenanceduringstorage.JournalofFoodMeasurementand Characterization,10(1), 88-95. Boscaino, F., Cammarota, G., Ottombrino, A., Nazzaro, M., Siano, F., Volpe, M. G., & Sorrentino, A. (2017). Chemical, Volatile Profile and Shelf Life of Muffin Enriched with Supplementation Chestnut Cream.Journal of food processing and preservation,41(4), e13013. Celuch, K., Robinson, N. M., & Walsh, A. M. (2015). A framework for encouraging retail customer feedback.Journal of Services Marketing,29(4), 280-292. Davila, F., & Dyball, R. (2015). Transforming food systems through food sovereignty: An Australian urban context.Australian Journal of Environmental Education,31(1), 34-45.
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10PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Dubrovskaya, N., Savkina, O., Kuznetsova, L., & Parakhina, O. (2017). Development of glutenfree bread with unconventional raw ingredients of high nutritional value and antimicrobial activity.Agronomy Research,15(2), 1276. FSANZ. (2013). Standard 1.2.4 – Labelling of Ingredients. Retrieved 5 November 2019, from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/userguide/Documents/Guide%20to%20Standard %201.2.4%20-%20Ingredient%20Labelling%20of%20Foods.pdf. FSANZ. (2013). Standard 1.2.8 – Nutrition Information Requirements. Retrieved 5 November 2019,from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/userguide/Documents/Userguide_Prescribed %20Nutrition%20Information%20Nov%2013%20Dec%202013.pdf. FSANZ. (2019). Food Safety Programs A guide to Standard 3.2.1 Food Safety Programs. Retrieved5November2019,from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/userguide/Documents/Guide %20321%20FINAL.pdf. FSANZ. (2019). List of product labels collected, by food category. Retrieved 5 November 2019, from https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/publications/documents/Appendix%2022.pdf. Garcia-Garcia, G., Woolley, E., Rahimifard, S., Colwill, J., White, R., & Needham, L. (2017). A methodologyforsustainablemanagementoffoodwaste.Wasteandbiomass valorization,8(6), 2209-2227. Hadjikinova, R., Mihov, R., Hrusavov, D., Nikovska, K., & Dzhivoderova, M. (2016). Erythritol Like Sugar Substitute in Cocoa Dressings.Energy,401(329), 356.
11PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Hayes, A., Chevalier, A., D'Souza, M., Baur, L., Wen, L. M., & Simpson, J. (2016). Early childhood obesity: Association with healthcare expenditure in Australia.Obesity,24(8), 1752-1758. Hussain, S. Z., Beigh, M. A., Qadri, T., Naseer, B., & Zargar, I. (2019). Development of low glycemicindexmuffinsusingwaterchestnutandbarleyflour.JournalofFood Processing and Preservation, e14049. Nobel, E. (2019). Australians eating less bread, but sourdough on the rise. Retrieved 5 November 2019,fromhttps://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-18/artisanal-bread-rises-as- consumption-declines-overall/11311544. Pérez-Villarreal, H. H., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., & Izquierdo-Yusta, A. (2019). Testing Model of Purchase Intention for Fast Food in Mexico: How do Consumers React to Food Values, Positive Anticipated Emotions, Attitude toward the Brand, and Attitude toward Eating Hamburgers?.Foods,8(9), 369. Peters, S., Dunford, E., Jones, A., Ni Mhurchu, C., Crino, M., Taylor, F., ... & Neal, B. (2017). Incorporating added sugar improves the performance of the health star rating front-of- pack labelling system in Australia.Nutrients,9(7), 701. Pivnenko, K., Laner, D., & Astrup, T. F. (2016). Material cycles and chemicals: dynamic material flow analysis of contaminants in paper recycling.Environmental science & technology,50(22), 12302-12311. Radojevic, T., Stanisic, N., & Stanic, N. (2015). Ensuring positive feedback: Factors that influencecustomersatisfactioninthecontemporaryhospitalityindustry.Tourism Management,51, 13-21.
12PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Sakač, M., Pestorić, M., Mandić, A., Mišan, A., Nedeljković, N., Jambrec, D., ... & Sedej, I. (2016). Shelf-life prediction of gluten-free rice-buckwheat cookies.Journal of cereal science,69, 336-343. Stewart, M. L., & Zimmer, J. P. (2018). Postprandial glucose and insulin response to a high-fiber muffintopcontainingresistantstarchtype4inhealthyadults:adouble-blind, randomized, controlled trial.Nutrition,53, 59-63. Struck, S., Gundel, L., Zahn, S., & Rohm, H. (2016). Fiber enriched reduced sugar muffins made from iso-viscous batters.LWT-Food Science and technology,65, 32-38. Tennant, D. R., & Bruyninckx, C. (2018). The potential application of European market research data in dietary exposure modelling of food additives.Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A,35(3), 412-424. Tess, M., Bhaduri, S., Ghatak, R., & Navder, K. P. (2015). Physical, textural and sensory characteristics of gluten free muffins prepared with teff flour (Eragrostistef (ZUCC) trotter).Journal of Food Processing and Technology,6(9). Thomkaew, J., Homhual, P., Chairat, S., & Khumhaeng, S. (2018, September). Social media with e-marketing channels of new entrepreneurs. InAIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 020147). AIP Publishing. WronkoWska, H. Z. M. (2016). Gluten-free muffins based on fermented and unfermented buckwheat flour–content of selected elements.Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (ISSN 1336-8672),55(2), 108-113.
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13PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Appendices Table 1: Comparative Cost Analysis Product NameWeightServing Size Number of Serves per Pack Package Cost Cost per serve Key Characteristics Betty Crocker: Apple CinnamonGluten Free Muffin Mix 500 grams 42 grams per mix, and65 grams per baked muffin 12$ 5.20$ 0.43High sugar, sodium and fat content and low fiber and protein content Containssoy,milkand egg Powder form Cost effective No vegetable or legume content WellandGood: MultipurposeMuffin Mix: Gluten, Nut and Dairy Free 400 grams 60 grams 12$ 6.50$ 0.5Dairy, gluten and nut free High sugar, sodium and fat content and low fiber and protein content Powder form No legume and vegetable content Cost effective ColesGlutenFree DoubleChocolate Muffin: Pack of 2 130 grams 65 grams 2$ 3.50$ 1.75Contains nuts, soy, seeds and eggs High sugar, sodium and fat content and low fiber and protein content Ready to eat Comparativelyhigher priced No legume and vegetable content ChoicesGlutenFree Bakery:Double ChocolateChip Muffin: Pack of 4 480 grams 120 grams 4$ 9.00$ 2.25Comparativelyhigherweight and larger size Expensive Nolegumeandvegetable content Containsnuts,soy,seedsand eggs Highsugar,sodiumandfat
14PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN content and low fiber and protein content Ready to eat Table 2: STANDARD RECIPE NAME OF DISH:The Healthy Muffin, Double ChocolateRECIPE FILE NO.: 5 PORTIONS:12WEIGHT CHANGE:53g SERVING SIZE:118 (g)ALLERGENS: contains eggs PREPARATION TIME:15 minutesCOOKINGTIME:18 minutes TOTAL TIME:33 minutes COST PER PORTION: $2.8, rounded off to $ 3.00 Ingredient Method Costing Qty (g/mL)Qty Description Ingredien t name Ingredient Description Ingredien t unit Unit cost $0.00 Dish cost $0.00 g200Coconut Flour 2 cupsPreheat the oven to160’C.Line your muffin tin withmuffin liners. Roughlychop thecarrot, zucchiniand beetroot and set aside Drain and rinse thecanof Cannellini beans, set aside Inafood processoradd thedrained cannellini beans, eggs,carrot, zucchini, beetrootand processfor3 minutes or until 25 kg$75.00$0.60 g425Cannellini Beans Canned, drained 1000 units$720.00$0.31 g22Cacao powder 3 Tbsp25kg$300.00$0.26 ml125Extra virgin Olive OIL 0.5 cup12 L$96.00$1.00 g5Baking powder 1 teaspoon25kg$114.00$0.02 g2.5Bicarb soda 0.5 teaspoon 3kg$11.70$0.01 g100carrot1 medium20kk$28.00$0.14 g100Zucchini1 medium10kg36.00$0.36 g100beetroot0.5 cup10kg$45.00$0.45 g24Chia flour2 Tbsp5kg$50.00$0.24
15PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN liquid consistency Addtheextra virgin olive oil, coconutflour, cacaopowder, chiaflour, Erythritol, Vanillaextract, bakingpowder and bicarb soda and process for 30secondsor untilallthe ingredientsare combined.The batter will have a thick and airy consistency which is normal Spoonthe mixtureinto yourmuffin moulds,bang the tray on the benchtosettle the mixture Sprinklewith thedark chocolatebits, distribute evenly amongthe muffins Bakefor18 minutes or until springytothe touchorwhen insertedwitha skewer it comes out clean. Leave in the tin for10minutes before removing from muffin tray g150Dark chocolate bits 0.5 cup15kg$76.23$0.75 g350egg5 eggs15 Dozen$47.50$1.30 g5Vanilla Extract 1 teaspoon200ml$10.20$0.10 g200Erythritol1 cup25kg$129.00$1.00 TOTALFOOD COST INDIVIDUAL PACKAGING COSTFORA PACK12 MUFFINS($ 0.75/MUFFIN) LABELLING COSTSFORA PACKOF12 MUFFINS($ 0.16/MUFFIN) BULK PACKAGING COSTFORA PACKOF12 MUFFINS ($0.02/MUFFIN) LABOURCOSTS FOR A PACK OF 12MUFFINS ($20/HOUR) $6.54 $9.00 $1.92 $0.24 $6.00(For 18minutes or 0.3 hours required for 12 muffins) Total Cost: $ 23.7 for preparing the standard recipe of 12 muffins
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16PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Selling price of 12 muffins: $ 25.00 Equipment listDigital scale Food ProcessorMeasuring SpoonsKnives Spatula Wooden Spoons OvenChopping boards Measuring CupsMuffin pansfridge Table 3: Product Nutritional Label The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate NUTRITION INFORMATION Servings per package:1 Serving size:150g Average Quantity per Serving % Daily Intake (per Serving) Average Quantity per 100g Energy1350kJ (323Cal) 16%901kJ (215Cal) Protein11.1g22%7.4g Fat, Total20.2g29%13.5g - Saturated6.9g29%4.6g Carbohydrate21.7g7%14.5g - Sugars6.6g7%4.4g Dietary Fibre5.7g19%3.8g Sodium249mg11%166mg Percentage Daily Intakes are based on an average adult diet of 8700 kJ. Your daily intakes may be higher or lower depending on your energy needs. Ingredients: Cannellini Beans, Egg, Coconut Flour, Erythritol, Dark Chocolate Bits, Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Carrot, Zucchini, Beetroot, Chia Flour, Cacao Powder, Baking Powder, Vanilla Extract, Bicarbonate Soda.
17PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Contains Egg. Table 4: Sensory Evaluation Table 4.1.: Hedonic scale 1stbatch 10 people tested the muffins Hedonic Scale Sensory Test for The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate AppearanceTasteAdourTexture 1-Like very much1x2=21x2=21x8=81x1=1 2-Like moderately2x2=42x2=42x1=22x2=4 3-Neither like or dislike 3x5=153x2=63x1=33x2=6 4-Dislike moderately4x1=44x3=124x0=04x4=16 5-Dislike very much5x0=05x1=55x0=05x1=5 Reason2+4+15+4+0=25 Total number voters=10 2+4+6+12+5=29 Total number of voters = 10 8+2+3=13 Total number of voters =10 1+4+6+16+5=32 Total number of voters =10 32/10= 3.2 Made in Australia from Australian ingredients 901kJ4.6g4.4g166mg PER 100g
18PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN 25/10= 2.529/10=2.913/10=1.3 Table 4.2.: Hedonic scale 2ndbatch 10 people tested the muffins Hedonic Scale Sensory Test for The Healthy Muffin Double Chocolate AppearanceTasteAdourTexture 1-Like very much1x8=81x8=81x10=101x8=8 2-Like moderately2x2=42x2=42x0=02x2=4 3-Neither like or dislike 3x0=03x0=03x0=03x0=0 4-Dislike moderately 4x0=04x0=04x0=04x0=0 5-Dislike very much5x0=05x0=05x0=05x0=0 Reason8+4+=12 Total number of voters =10 12/10=1.2 8+4=12 Total number of voters =10 12/10=1.2 10=10 Total number of voters =10 10/10=1 8+4=12 Total number of voters =10 12/10=1.2 Figure 1: Packaging Material Sample
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19PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE HEALTHY MUFFIN Table 5: Marketing Tools Outline Marketing StrategyTools and Resources Social Media PromotionCreation of social media page, internet or web connection Video DemonstrationAudiovisualtechnologylikecomputers, projectors,laptopsandspeakers.Video developed using graphics and sound with the help of softwares like Microsoft PowerPoint Customer FeedbackMinimuffinsamples,sensoryevaluation forms, notebook to write down contact details, mini water bottles or water glasses (250 ml), feedback survey questionnaires or requesting customerstowritefeedbackbesidetheir contact details Reading ResourcesBrochures and flyers containing content used for the video, business cards or seller contact details.