(PDF) Professional ethical practices | Assignment

NHS OR NIKE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
A) Ethical practices in context of chosen case. ..........................................................................1
B) Define two ethical theories that can be demonstrated at the chosen case..............................4
PART B ...........................................................................................................................................6
Reflect on personal ethics and conditions about unethical organisation and practices of
enterprise value and methods of compliance. ............................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Business ethics termed out as study of policies and practices with regards to controversial
issues as corporate governance, insider trading, discrimination and fiduciary responsibilities etc.
Decision taken within the enterprise made by groups or individuals and this all will be influenced
by the culture of enterprise (Becker,2019). The ethics aids to maintain a better connection with
their stakeholders. In order to make this report, the case study on NHS has been selected in terms
to conflict of interest.
Furthermore, report has covered things as outlining the ethical dimension of the issues,
role of business in society and two ethical theories are needed to be applied in terms to case
study. Lastly, reflection will be given to discuss personal ethics and unethical practices within
the organisation.
PART 1
A) Ethical practices in context of chosen case.
Ethical decision making termed out as a process that aids to evaluate and choosing
alternatives that leads to eliminate unethical options (Cavazotte, Cohen and Brunelli, 2019). The
concept of ethic is far than to commit right things in business, but it relates with get tied of legal
procedures and policies. In the chosen case study of NHS, there were many conflicts in terms to
interest of stakeholders. The ethical dimension under this has found as NHS banned on their staff
from receiving gifts worth more than £50. Thus, other issues has found in June by ABPI
published database reveals that the doctors were involved in case of receiving up-to £100000
drugs per year from pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, tens of millions of pounds
payment has been made to doctors and that all officially not disclosed due to recipients refused to
be named. Due to this kind of ethical issues, it has revealed that under the new plans for
transparency NHS doctors needs to declare any income from private sector. There are number of
business stakeholder who bring claim over the business leader in order to violating the activities
within the enterprise.
Thus, ethics in enterprise must be followed as it is inclusive of various guidelines and
principal as it finds the way that how individual should behave in enterprise and this also defined
the code of conduct of individual that working in particular organisation ( John, 2019
Suriyankietkaew and Kantamara, 2019). In this, it can be stated that employees must be taken as
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assets to the enterprise and it essential maintain the effective decorum and ambience at
workplace.
The role of ethics plays crucial role in business. It helps to individual to make better
decision in less time. By being ethical the firm can able to increase productivity and overall
employee morale. With help of it, employees ca able to meet out their role based on honesty and
integrity. The ethics are important to make the responsible decision in the enterprise. If the
organisations act in unethical manner that means it can break the law and sue to this the entities
needs to face large fines and other penalties (Marshall, 2019). In addition to it, termed out as lack
of ethical performance can also affect the working of employees to do their job in right manner.
IN order to maintain ethics NHS needs look over pretty depressing patchwork and to tackle the
conflict of interest with uniform approach. It is essential to maintain the level of transparency
and openness with the staff of office. This all aids to ensure the consistency of organisation
practices in ethical manner. Thus, NHS must be complied with ethical decision making by
focussing over factors as-
 P- This is termed out as policies and procedures. In this, the senior authority to the
enterprise must have idea that better and effective practices are laid by the company.
 L- It termed out as Legal. This aids to know that firm is not violating with any legal
parameters and regulations.
 U- This is stated as Universal- This is effective term that aids to provide idea about the
values and principles established for enterprise to operate their business activities.
 S- This belongs to term as Self. It aids to identify that is firm is meeting to any kind of
fairness and justice or not (Frynas and Yamahaki, 2019).
Hence, it can be stated that the NHS must be complied with it, as this help to have better
ethical decision making that aids to people to make difficult choices when there is some situation
faced as ethical dilemma. It is term that helps to process that aids to evaluate and choosing the
best alternatives with some ethical principles (The Importance of Ethics in Organizations, 2019).
Thus, NHS authority must be complied with all kind of legal rules and regulation that can aids to
perform the practices with honest and integrity. The leader of the enterprise should have clear
and precise ethical framework. In addition to this, it can be termed out as positive ethical
corporate culture aids to improvise morale among workers in enterprise and that also supports to
raise in productivity, employee retention and loyalty. It is essential to abide the workers with
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integrity and strong ethics. It aids to treat employee in equal manner. Thus, ethics are the part
that aids to navigate the right and morally wrong. This is a term that helps to provide structure in
which one better decision can be taken.
Therefore, organisation ethics are comprised of policies, procedures and culture that face
difficult and controversial issues. The better ethical practices leads to cope up with
discrimination, social responsibility and fiduciary issues. In addition to this, it can be stated that
ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility can provide better judgement between right
and wrong (Cavazotte, Cohen and Brunelli, 2019). In this, it can be stated that this all are
becoming very important as allows efficiently responds to needs of stakeholders and they are
inclusive of customers, employees, shareholders and society as a whole. Ethics are helpful in
order to deal with responsible decisions and also supports in maintaining the hight ethical
behaviour of running the business activities effectively. NHS needs to complied with human
behaviour that knowing the type of actions, consequences and limits of both human and actions.
The fair and consistent practices are must be maintained so that staff and authority can perform
their activities in better efficient manner.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Thus, NHS has given some suggestive measures in terms to maintaining the ethical
practices on following grounds as-
 By developing policies and procedures in NHS it can be possible to encourage ethical
action that aids build positive corporate culture. Thus, policies are inclusive of anti
discriminatory rules and also provide equal opportunity for growth.
 NHS should take responsible initiatives to develop policies and ethical standards risk
financial liabilities.
 The firm should adopt ethical standards as it allows building consumer confidence.
Enterprise can retain customers loyalty with ethical practices that start with fair and
honest methods of advertising (John, 2019). By consistent policies and employee training
aids to meet higher ethical standards.
 The NHS must maintain policies that aids to address kinds of harassment and
discrimination. In order to carry out all NHS functions effectively, it is essential be
consistent with framing of policies and to deal with accusations. Furthermore, it supports
to have reduction in issues associate with working of enterprise.
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 The ethical standards in enterprise defines that no organisation perform their working that
depends on unfair means to earn money. Thus, staff and authority to enterprise do not
pass any company information to the external parties and do not need to disclose any
policies and procedures.
 With help of using ethical principles it can be possible to attract the customer and legal
authorities. This aids to make better balance between working practices of enterprise. In
addition to it, the firm that follows the ethical principles aids to have competitive
advantage within enterprise.
B) Define two ethical theories that can be demonstrated at the chosen case.
The Ethical theory defined as branch of philosophy that aids to deal with various morality
principles and well defined standards of right and wrong. It aids to define human character in
terms of obligation, rules, rights, fairness and benefits to the society. Thus, ethical theories helps
to have systematic work. Furthermore, two ethical theories are to be taken into consideration as-
Utilitarianism- The ethical theory mainly based on to having prediction about the consequence
of an action. It is theory that provides one of the major beneficial aspect is that it provides the
greatest benefit to most people. Manager and staff of the enterprise comes at the various situation
when it seems quite tough to find out the best decision that based on right and wrong (ETHICAL
THEORIES, 2019.). In this case, staff of the firm conflict in interest and this was hampering
working of enterprise at the huge context. NHS should implement this theory as it aids to defined
the right and wrong to the particular situation. In this, there is conflict in relation to interest of
stakeholder.
This is ethical theory that aids to define course of actions that helps top bring positive
outcomes within the enterprise. This is theory that mainly relates with decision concerning about
the business that how it need to conduct and what kind of decision must be taken within
enterprise. In this, NHS was violating with various kind of ethical standard as undisclosed of
payment to doctors and receiving up-to £100000 drugs per year from pharmaceutical companies.
This all things was violating the working of enterprise. In order to cope up with it, entity must be
tied with polices and procedures that aids to conduct systematic working.
Thus, one of the most understood and commonly applied ethical theory defined as
Utilitarianism. It is termed out as normative ethical theory that aids to focus on right and wrong.
This is one of the better approach that aids to maximise the good for greatest number of people.
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The main foundation of this theory is to determine things as benefit, advantage, pleasure, good
and happiness and also aids to prevent pain, evil, mischief and unhappiness. This is theory that
allows taking one proper decision that based on number of consequence.
There are two kinds of Utilitarianism and rule Utilitarianism. In this, act Utilitarianism
defined as term in which firm person uses to perform the act that can be benefited to most people
regardless of societal constraints and personal feelings. On the other hand, rules Utilitarianism
based on term that relate with law and also concerned with fairness. Herein, it can be stated that
this both theory has their own advantage and disadvantages. This is helpful theory as it aids to
find out the deviation between the right and wrong.
Deontological- This is theory that relates with duty based theory. It is theory that mainly referred
as actions are not eight and wrong but it based in result that are inherently good or evil. NHS
Should implement it at time of taking better decision (Becker, 2019). In addition to it, person
needs to follow his or her obligations to another individual and society. NHS should implement
it as its essential to maintain the professional ethics in social work. Under it, ethics are
determined by individual, social, cultural and professional values that may not governed by law.
In this term, both kind of laws and ethics results in behaviour that is crucial to make better
human interaction. In this case, there was conflict in interest of stakeholder so it is crucial to
governed by ethical code of practices.
Hence, professional membership, counsellors and psychologist have their own code of
ethics and this theory should be implement in NHS in order to remove the cloud hanging
situation to staff of entity. This help to determining the things that considered as to be ethically
correct. It is term that is based on individual set duties. It is theory that is inclusive of number of
positive attributes and also contain flaws. In this, there are some flaws that based on logical basis
in order to deciding an individual duty. This is theory that helps to make constant decision and
that all based on individual set duties. The enterprise as NHS must put their major consideration
over rightness and wrongness of actions. It is term that relates with morally obligated to act and
that must be based on certain set of principles and rules regardless of outcome. This is theory that
is based in moral code of right and wrong and this also defined the course of action which must
be taken in systematic manner so that positive outcome can be achievable. It is set of morale
theories that helps to conduct the things in better and efficient manner. In order to cope up within
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ethical issues arising in NHS this theory will be helpful in order to deal with the conflicts arising
between staff.
PART B
Reflect on personal ethics and conditions about unethical organisation and practices of enterprise
value and methods of compliance.
The present report is based on undertaking of ethical values and standards. In this report,
I have learnt the depth insight about ethical practices that help to grow and sustain the business
activities in better manner. I must say that personal ethics is kind of philosophy that aids to
determine the what individuals believed about the right and wrong. It aids to define the
difference between the business ethics and legal ethics. I must say that firm need to company
with the all kind of ethical principles that are needed to be followed.
Thus, personal ethics positively impact the experience of others and without following it,
the negative impact can also be seen. I have analysed that personal ethics helps the person in
order to deal with the situation the individuals are facing in their daily life. I have found some
common ethical values and these as are integrity, fairness honesty and respect. I can say that if
any firm do not ethically practices or conduct it works then it becomes unable to gorge long term
relationships with customers. It can also bring the poor coordination of the staff and all working
of the enterprise can get affected sue to it. By working in unethically manner, firm can face the
situation as poor work environment that can lead to affect the productivity, lowered morale and
employees attrition that can also leads to have downfall of the firm.
I must say that unethical behaviour is the kind of action that considered morally right or
proper for a person or an industry. If enterprise do not have better coordination between the
works then it can bring disaster performance and overall productivity of enterprise can also get
affected due to it. Due to it, the firm will not be able to meet the set deadlines and there can be
large impact over the all working of enterprise. I can suggest that firm need to make sure that
employees and manager go through firm policies in terms to hostile workplace and retaliation.
Illegal behaviour in the enterprise can affect the overall working practices of the firm. In order to
deal with the ethical situation the enterprise needs to follow the procedures of company and takes
initiatives to prevent misconduct work practices. The workers need to provide safe and
supportive workplace environment. In order to promote better working environment, I suggest
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that firm need to establish guidelines and principles and strong anti harassment policy. I have
also analysed that ethical violations can results in worsening reputation of both customers and
employees. It can affect the brand image of the enterprise in the huge manner. There are some
mishandling of funds, conflicts of interest, and lapsed licensing. Improper or fraudulent billing
and this all affect the working of enterprise in the huge level. The improper behaviour and
practices affects the overall working of enterprise. Hence, it can be stated each enterprise must
be complied with legal and ethical practices.
It has helped me in order to know about the various guidelines and principles on which
any working enterprise activities are based. I have analysed that business that maintain ethics
aids to build better connection with stakeholder. This is term that defined proper policies and
practices in relation to number of controversial issues. With the help of my depth research I can
say that ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility aids to bring significant impact on
working of enterprise.
In this research report, I have used case study of NHS to determine the impact of ethical
principles. In this case study, there was issues in relation to the conflict of interest in
stakeholders. Thus, NHS was facing the issues in services of entities in manner as in June by
ABPI published database reveals that the doctors were involved in case of receiving up-to
£100000 drugs per year from pharmaceutical companies.
CONCLUSION
Hereby, it can be concluded that the term ethics mean various kind of things that helps to
make judgement between the right and wrong. It is helpful term as it beneficial in order to get
cope up with corporate governance, insider trading, discrimination, fiduciary responsibilities and
corporate social responsibility. In this, the chosen case study is on NHS has been selected in
terms to conflict of interest of stakeholder. Under this, the various issues has found that NHS
banned on their staff from receiving gifts worth more than £50. Thus, other issues has found in
June by ABPI published database reveals that the doctors were involved in case of receiving up-
to £100000 drugs per year from pharmaceutical companies.
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In order to get overcome from it, the present report has covered the activities as to
defined the role of ethics in business and in individuals life. The recommendation has been given
that how firm should conduct its activities and two ethical theories has been adopted as
Utilitarianism and Deontological to have better application of case. Lastly, reflection has been
given in order to write about the unethical organisation and practices.
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REFERENCES
Book & Journal
Becker, C.U., 2019. Business Ethics: Methods and Application. Routledge.
such as Quesnay, E and et.al., 2019. BUSINESS ETHICS QUARTERLY 156.
Cavazotte, F., Cohen, M. and Brunelli, M., 2019. Business Ethics in Brazil: Analyzing Discourse
and Practice of the Brazilian Contractors Involved in Operation Lava Jato. In Corporate
Social Responsibility in Brazil. Springer, Cham.
John, R., 2019. THE PREVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN
MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A STUDY OF UTTAR
PRADESH (Doctoral dissertation, JOSEPH SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES &
COMMERCE Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences
Allahabad–221007).
Suriyankietkaew, S. and Kantamara, P., 2019. Business ethics and spirituality for corporate
sustainability: a Buddhism perspective. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion,
pp.1-26.
Marshall, P., 2019. Issue: Technology and Business Ethics Short Article: European Courts Set
Privacy Standards.
Frynas, J.G. and Yamahaki, C., 2019. Corporate Social Responsibility: An Outline of Key
Concepts, Trends, and Theories. In Practising CSR in the Middle East.. Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham.
Online
The Importance of Ethics in Organizations. 2019. [Online] Available
through:<https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-ethics-organizations-20925.html>.
ETHICAL THEORIES. 2019. [Online] Available
through:<http://www.dsef.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/EthicalTheories.pdf>.
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