OO Basics and Smalltalk: A Beginner's Guide to Object Oriented Programming

This article provides a beginner's guide to Object Oriented Programming with Smalltalk. It explains the concepts of class, object, encapsulation, information hiding, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. It also includes an assignment to implement Fizz Buzz in Smalltalk and compare it with Fortran and Algol in terms of readability and writability.

Programming
PROGRAMMING
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

Programming
OO Basics and Smalltalk:
What is a class, and what does it define?
In object oriented programing language, Class can describe the objects. Class is a template of an
object. One class can create multiple objects, but an object can be created from a single class.
What is the difference between a class and an object? What does an object encapsulate?
Class is a template or plan of an object, but the object is an instance of a class. An example of a
real-life entity is an object, but the class created by a group of objects. An object is a physical type of
entity, but class is a logical type of entity. An object can be created many times. But can class can be
created only one time.
Encapsulation is one of the main pillars of object oriented programing language. Encapsulation
can hide the data. Another name of encapsulation is information hiding.
What is information hiding? Provide an example. Do objects have the property of information
hiding?
Information hiding is a special type of process of hiding the object details or method details.
The process of hiding details called abstraction. This process can reduce the complexity of a program.
The information hiding process helps developers to prevent change the unwanted changes. Sometimes
developers use this process to prevent the data exposed.
A real-life example of the data hiding process is Car. Car is a perfect example where developers and
engineers hide the data from the user.
Yes, an object can have the property of information hiding.

Programming
In procedural programming, subprograms communicate using parameters. How is this achieved
in OOP?
How many class relationships are possible in OOP? Name them.
Four types of class relationships are possible in OOP.
Inheritance, aggregation, compositions and association are four class relationships in OOP.
What is inheritance in OOP? What is the difference between multiple inheritance and repeated
Inheritance? Provide an example.
Inheritance is a concept of where one class shares his properties with another class. Hybrid
inheritance, Hierarchical inheritance, multiple inheritance, multilevel inheritance and single inheritance
these Five types are inheritance are available.
What is polymorphism in OOP?
What does a derived class add to its definition when compared with the base class from which is
was built? How many objects does it represent when compared with the base class? Can a
derived class access the private members of the base class?
The derived class adds nothing to its definition when compared with the base class from which is was
build. The number of objects in a derived class will be less than its base class. A derived class cannot
access the private members of the base class.

Programming
What is an abstract class?
How many varieties of variables are available in Smalltalk? Name them.
One. Since everything is an object.
How is repetition achieved in Smalltalk? What does it involve?
By sending messages to the object inside a loop, to achieve repetition.
What type of inheritance does Smalltalk allow? Is it sufficient? Justify your answer.
Single inheritance. It is sufficient.
How are operations performed in Smalltalk?
Evaluate Smalltalk with regards to the three Criteria and nine Characteristics of program design.
Programming Assignment
For this week’s task, you’ll need the program “gst”, and this guide on smalltalk.
Your job is to implement fizz buzz in smalltalk. This might sound easy, but it will likely be pretty
tricky given the strange way smalltalk works!

Programming
Along with your reflection, the weekly question is:
How does your implementation of fizz buzz here compare with the implementations you wrote in
Fortran and Algol in terms of readability and writability?