SIT771 Assignment: Analysis of Object-Oriented Programming Research

This report presents a research project focused on object-oriented programming (OOP). It addresses several key research questions, including when to replace composition with aggregation, the characteristics of OOP (such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism), advantages (like improved software development productivity, extensibility, and reusability), and disadvantages (like a steep learning curve and complexity). The research utilized non-experimental methods, including questionnaires and interviews with IT professionals. Findings highlight the differences between aggregation and composition, the importance of data mining and hiding, and the use of programming languages like C++ and Java in OOP. The research also examines maintainability through size and structure complexity metrics. The study concludes by answering the formulated research questions, providing valuable insights into the field of OOP.

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Programming research questions:
Name:
Institutions:

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Programming research questions
A research problem is a clear expression about a given area of concern, what should be
improved, how the difficulties will be eliminated. The main aim of this research is to conduct a
small research project aiming to answer some important question relating to the programming.
The plan to outlines questions and methods in answering questions relating to the programming
will be based on the selected questions (Alreshedy, Dharmaretnam, German, Srinivasan,&
Gulliver, 2018). The Questions for the research project about objected oriented programming
includes:
i. What is Phase at which we can replace composition with an aggregation?
ii. What are the characteristics are of object-oriented programing?
iii. What are the examples of objected-oriented programming properties?
iv. What are object-oriented programming features
v. What are the characteristics of object-oriented programming
vi. How the explanations of the characteristics are objecting oriented programming?
vii. What advantages and disadvantages are of object-oriented programming?
viii. Which programming languages will be used in coding as parts of object-oriented
programming?
ix. Which types of programmers are best in handling the object-oriented programming?
x. How deep is the programming languages
The research method which will be used in researching the object-oriented programming is
Using non-experiments method. The best method which will be used in the researching for
various questions relating the object-oriented programming is by use of sampling using interview
and questionnaires. A lot of questions relating to the programming will be formulated then the

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questionnaires will be given to people and professionals who greatly understand more about the
programming. The questions concerning object-oriented programming which will be answered
by many professional will be used for further research and in writing the findings of the report.
Also, another non-experiment sampling method which will be used is interview a lot of questions
relating to the programming will be formulated then the research will visit the IT professionals in
different companies to gather the information concerning the object-oriented programming. The
method which gives the best results will be used in the research for answering the programming
questions (Strong, Higgins, Bresnihan,& Millwood2017).
During the research, the methods which was finds to be more reliable is sampling using the
questionnaire. Using these methods desirable results were produced which make the research to
be very interesting and reliable to the good outcomes.
The findings of the research were concluded by answering the questions which were formulated
in the research. First, it was found that aggregation and composition are a different relationship
between the objects, we set the relations between the objects based on real-world relations so the
questions are required to be rephrased if we understand the real-life systems of the of changing
the objects relations from aggregations to composition. The characteristics features of the
object-oriented programming includes Encapsulation, this entails hiding of data so that the data
will be secured from being landing into the hands of the intruders. The inheritance is linking
child class with parents Polymorphism is a situation of having multiple similar names but
different working methods or instructor (Kowalczyk & Fox 2017).
The advantages of Object-oriented programming includes the following the first one is to
improve the productivity of the software development. Due to modularity of it allows separations
of duties the development of the object based programs. (Price & Barnes ). Also, it is an

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intensive since can be greatly extended to include the behaviors and new attributes. It was also
found that because of extensibility, reusability and modularity then the objects cannot be reused
within across applications. It was found that another advantage of the OOP is that it allows faster
development, because this programming method allows reuse then it is faster in developments
and it was also found that object-oriented programming languages come with the library which is
rich of objects and the codes that are developed during reused will be used in the future. Other
findings of OOP include higher quality software and also reduce development cost .
The findings on disadvantages of Object oriented programming is the steep learning curve, this
means that the though manner in which OOP is developed is not natural thus it will take time for
users to understand its used. Another finding which was established is that there was the
complexity of creating the programs-it is very difficult to create the programs which interact with
objects since polymorphism and inheritance will be a big challenge (Kowalczyk, and Fox, 2017).
Also during research on how to interlink two different things in maintainability. After examining
many UML class diagrams we found out maintainability through various size metrics and
structure complexity metrics. It was also found that size metrics contain responsive classes of
the number of methods and the total number of methods and the number of classes. During the
encapsulation of data and information using OOP then there were two concepts which resulted
up these concepts includes data mining and data hiding. Data mining means exacting of the
useful information from the data warehouse. And it was found that data hiding means to protect
the object integrity from intended and unintended changes (Keuning, Jeuring, & Heeren, 2016).
The programming languages which was found to be used in Object-oriented programming was
the C++ and java. These programming languages will produce good results when the

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programmers wanted to develop various projects of the object-oriented programming
(Alreshedy, Dharmaretnam, German, Srinivasan, and Gulliver, 2018).

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References
Strong, G., Higgins, C., Bresnihan, N. and Millwood, R., 2017, July. A Survey of the Prior
Programming Experience of Undergraduate Computing and Engineering Students in
Ireland. In IFIP World Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 473-483). Springer,
Cham.
Alreshedy, K., Dharmaretnam, D., German, D.M., Srinivasan, V. and Gulliver, T.A., 2018.
Predicting the Programming Language of Questions and Snippets of StackOverflow
Using Natural Language Processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.07954.
Spacco, J., Denny, P., Richards, B., Babcock, D., Hovemeyer, D., Moscola, J. and Duvall, R.C.,
2015, March. Analyzing Student Work Patterns Using Programming Exercise Data.
In SIGCSE (pp. 18-23).
Chen, G., Shen, J., Barth-Cohen, L., Jiang, S., Huang, X. and Eltoukhy, M., 2017. Assessing
elementary students’ computational thinking in everyday reasoning and robotics
programming. Computers & Education, 109, pp.162-175.
Price, T.W. and Barnes, T., 2015, July. Comparing textual and block interfaces in a novice
programming environment. In Proceedings of the eleventh annual international
conference on international computing education research (pp. 91-99). ACM.
Keuning, H., Jeuring, J. and Heeren, B., 2016, July. Towards a systematic review of automated
feedback generation for programming exercises. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM
Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (pp. 41-46).
ACM.

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Kowalczyk, C.M. and Fox, A.K., 2017, May. I Don’t Think It’s Real: Exploring the Genres of
Reality Programming: An Abstract. In Academy of Marketing Science Annual
Conference (pp. 151-152). Springer, Cham.