Healthcare Monitoring with Sensor Networks

This assignment delves into the utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) within the healthcare domain. It examines how WSNs can facilitate remote patient monitoring by collecting and transmitting vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The assignment also discusses the potential of WSNs in disease management, medication adherence, and personalized healthcare delivery.

Progress Report
Wireless Sensing Technologies for Blood Pressure
Minkal Garg
12643641
Your Group No: ______________________
Supervisor’s name: Dr. Yang Yang

1. Executive Summary
The project is use of wireless sensing technology for monitoring blood pressure. The
objective of the project is developing remotely monitored system to measure blood
pressure of human. Generally, data are transferred to central monitoring station utilizing
wireless sensor network for storage as well as display. One mote was interfaced to BP
monitor for the purpose of data acquisition. It is used in order to route BP data to
monitoring station. On the other hand, a user friendly graphical user interface is designed
in order to design for the purpose of monitoring present as well as past measurements for
people. The project has analyzing impact of wireless sensor technology to monitor BP.
Using a sensor node tied to BPM are successfully initiated. However, while conducting
the research, some challenge is faced like implementation of wireless sensor technology
in health purpose. In addition, some issues in graphical display of incoming data in order
to replace preened text display faced while conduction of the project.
2. Outline of activities undertaken so far
In order to use wireless sensor technology for monitoring BP, an experimental set-up has
been processed. There has been conceptual view of the system allows medical staffs in
order to track vital signs related to the system. Depending on the distance from the base
stations, the particular messages pass through several nodes of router. The graphical user
interface is based on java that runs on the host system. However, main window of the
graphical user interface can add data on the system. Based on the system, the system has
been developed in the project. The topology of wireless network is making of static
network infrastructure.
3. Objectives and Scope: Any changes
The project has various objectives such as identifying technological advancement on
health care system. Analyzing the role of wireless sensor technology in order to monitor
BP is one of the major objectives of the project. Sensor nodes of the network have been
designed in order to allow movement of patient (Benharref and Serhani 2014). On the
other hand, three types of interfaces with BPM. Measurements of blood pressure can be
maintained for every patient. The readings are properly maintained for every person. In
addition, present implementation of the system would be helpful. Findings the challenges
need to analysis and take effective steps for overcoming the issues.
The present implementation of project can open future opportunities. The improvements
include a graphical display of incoming data for replacing present display of text. Alarm
generation capability helps to alert care provider of reading outside of the limits. It is
important to develop interface that additionally helps to generate basic algorithm through
the provider and view stored readings from transmitted things of the procedure. Basic
location algorithm based on the process. Data encryption routine can enhance effectively
run on each of the sensors node that effectively run on each of the sensor node.

4. Progress so far
As the topic of research, it is important to select. Wireless sensor technology has a crucial
role on daily lives. Moreover, wireless sensor technology is helpful in health care
services. Thus, it is important to develop applications and make effective use of the
wireless applications. In the project, objectives of the project have been set. In order to
fulfill the objectives, secondary data from different sources are reviewed. After
completion of the process, designing the research proposal is achieved. On the other hand,
effective methodological tools are selected in the present study so far. As the research
would be based on, planning has been made based on gathering of secondary data. After
analyzing the research, findings and conclusions are generated.
In order to develop wireless sensor technology for monitoring blood pressure, articles
from different sources are gathered. It is important to select appropriate methodological
tools for the research (Kakria et al. 2015). The methodological tools such as research
design, philosophy and approaches are selected. In addition, data from secondary sources
are analyzed. As wireless sensor technology presently provides several advantages and
usability in health sector, it is required to consider the topic as vital and analyze to get
best possible outcome.
5. Up-to-date Literature Review
There is Healthcare Monitoring framework utilizing WSN. In any case, fundamental
disadvantage of this framework is that we can screen the patients for 100 meters separate
as it were. The There is Healthcare Monitoring framework utilizing WSN with GSM we
can screen the patients anyplace over the world (Jung et al. 2014). Amid the mid 1980s,
simple cell phone framework was encountering quick development in Europe, especially
in Scandinavia and United Kingdom, yet additionally in France and Germany. Every
nation built up its own particular framework, which was incongruent with every other
person's in gear and operation (Li et al. 2015). This was undesirable, in light of the fact
that not exclusively was the portable hardware restricted to operation inside national
limits, which in a bound together Europe were progressively insignificant; however, there
was additionally an extremely constrained market for each sort of gear, so economies of
scale and the resulting reserve funds couldn't be figured it out. By utilizing Wireless
sensor system, we make patients' life more agreeable and give practical arrangements.
The security is vital in checking of human services which may give by remote sensor
arrange (Tarapiah et al. 2016). So, it is a rising exploration point and it merits
contemplating. The patients were checked in situ to sensibly survey the plausibility of
WSN innovation for persistent observing. Our examination is somewhat organizing
engineering named Health observing system which coordinates WSNs into web
(Benharref and Serhani 2014). Each WSN is sorted out as a versatile specially appointed
system with one assigned work switch associating with web. The medicinal services
information gathered by sensor hub is altogether transmitted to work switch, at that point
sent to back-end web server through web (Vashist et al. 2014). The entire system
organization including working mode setting for sensor hub, detecting information
overseeing and examining are handled on back-end server (Aldaoud et al. 2015). A
proving ground is developed to test the execution of Health Care Monitoring Net, where
sensor hub measures pulse, ECG, heart rate, temperature.

Driven by innovation progresses in low-control organized frameworks and therapeutic
sensors, we have seen in later a long time the rise of remote sensor systems (WSNs) in
medical services. These WSNs convey the guarantee of radically in demonstrating and
growing the nature of care over a wide variety of settings and for various fragments of the
populace (Li et al. 2015). For instance, early framework models have shown the
capability of WSNs to empower early identification of clinical deteriorate through
continuous patient observing in healing centers, improve specialists on call's capacity to
give crisis mind in extensive debacles through programmed electronic triage, enhance the
life nature of the elderly through shrewd environments and empower extensive scale field
investigations of human conduct and perpetual maladies.
In the meantime, meeting the capability of WSNs in wellbeing mind requires tending to a
large number of specialized difficulties (Benharref and Serhani 2014). These difficulties
reach well beyond the asset limitations that all WSNs confront as far as constrained
system limit, preparing and memory imperatives, and in addition rare vitality holds
(Fernandez and Pallis 2014). In particular, dissimilar to applications in different spaces,
medical services applications force stringent prerequisites on system unwavering quality,
nature of administration, and especially security (Hamida et al. 2015). In this audit paper,
we develop these difficulties. Furthermore, give cases of introductory endeavors to go up
against them (Yuvaradn et al. 2016). These illustrations include: arrange frameworks for
crucial signs checking that it is conceivable to accomplish profoundly capable information
conveyance over multi-bounce remote systems sent in clinical situations.
Advancements in remote sensor network (WSN) innovation and the general scaling down
of their related equipment are prompting a few potential applications in the therapeutic
business (Brinkmann 2014). Specifically, the capacity to remotely screen quiet
indispensable signs continuously from a brought together area is a developing zone of
intrigue (Li et al. 2015). This enthusiasm for WSNs is powered by the way that remote
sensor hubs are financially savvy, minimized and can be vitality effective (Fernandez and
Pallis 2014). Choices incorporate Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, which are centered on
applications that ordinarily require higher data transfer capacity. Remote hubs utilizing
these two correspondence conventions are typically substantially costlier and power
hungry, and on account of Bluetooth, enable a predetermined number of hubs to impart at
any given time (Brinkmann 2014) These issues make Wi-Fi and Bluetooth hubs
unacceptable for across the board remote observing of patient crucial sign information
(Benharref and Serhani 2014). Furthermore, the ability to do this without introducing a
costly wired foundation is exceedingly alluring. This paper portrays a framework utilizing
Crossbow 2.4GHz Mica remote sensor hubs, a business circulatory strain screen (BPM)
and an inside created Graphical User Interface (GUI) to outline a model framework that
can screen key signs from an extensive number of patients all the while.
6. Outcomes so far
As wireless sensor technology becomes one of the important technological advancement
in medical filed, a research has been conducted on the development of wireless sensor
technology in order to monitor blood pressure (Chen et al. 2014). In this purpose, a

research has been conducted. Literatures from several books, articles and websites are
reviewed. In addition, selection of research methodology has been conducted that would
help to conduct the research in appropriate way. After the process, secondary data are
analyzed that helps to analyze the impact of wireless sensor technology in monitoring
blood pressure.
7. Outline my interaction with my supervisor & my group so far
It is important to make effective interaction between supervisor and researcher. In the
research, supervisor helps in selection of methodology for the research. In addition, role
of wireless sensor technology in medical field has been discussed that helps to select the
topic of research and pursue the research with proper objectives. On the other hand,
supervisor helps to form time plan for the research that assists in completing the activities
within the allocated time.
In order to develop the project, supervisors have important role. There are 5 number of
meetings have been arranged where selection of the topic, potential advantages and
disadvantages are discussed that helps to identify the risks involved with the system.
8. Challenges faced and its Solutions
The rising field of remote sensor systems joins detecting, calculation and correspondence
into a solitary small gadget (Li et al. 2015). Without a doubt, all correspondence between
hubs is through the remote transmission strategies. Detecting is a strategy used to
accumulate data about a physical protest or, then again process, including the event of
occasions (Memon et al. 2014). A question performing such a detecting undertaking is
known as a sensor. A sensor node is a foundation involved detecting (measuring),
registering, and correspondence. A WSN comprises of appropriated hubs that help flag
handling, implanted registering and availability (Brinkmann 2014). WSNs commonly
transmit data to gathering (observing) stations that total a few or the greater part of the
data.
Because of conveyed nature of these systems and their sending in remote regions, these
systems are powerless to various security dangers that can antagonistically influence their
appropriate working (Patel et al. 2012). For the most part, sensor hubs are worried around
two important security issues, which is protection saving and hub confirmation. Security
implies the information privacy is accomplished under security system (Miramontes et al.
2017). While sensor systems share numerous similitudes with other circulated
frameworks, they are liable to an assortment of exceptional difficulties what's more,
imperatives.
Time Synchronization is valuable for better correspondence among the sensor hubs. The
time synchronization issue is to synchronize the neighborhood checks of sensor hubs in
the remote system (Li et al. 2015). Numerous utilizations of sensor systems require
nearby tickers of sensor hubs to be synchronized, requiring different degrees of exactness.
Since all equipment timekeepers are defective, neighborhood tickers of hubs may float
away from each other in time. At the point when a hub in the system produces a
timestamp to send to another hub for synchronization, the parcel conveying the timestamp

will confront a variable measure of deferral until the point that it comes to (Rashid and
Rehmani, 2016). This postponement keeps the beneficiary from precisely looking at the
neighborhood timekeepers of the two hubs and precisely synchronizing to the sender hub.
There are a few purposes behind tending to the synchronization issue in sensor systems
(Imani et al. 2016). A few reasons are as following: Sensor gestures are required to
facilitate their operations to play out a specific assignment, Life time of organizes is
relying upon control (Flick 2015). Thus, it is important to address the issues while
researching on the role of wireless sensor technology in monitoring blood pressure.
9. Modified Project Plan and Timeline
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource
Names
0
Wireless
Sensing
Technology
for Monitoring
Blood Pressure
56 days Mon
7/24/17
Mon
10/9/17
1 Topic selection
for the study 1 day Mon
7/24/17
Mon
7/24/17
Project
Supervisor,
Researcher
2
Preparing the
layout for
proposal
2 days Tue
7/25/17
Wed
7/26/17 1
Project
Supervisor,
Researcher
3
Design the
research
proposal
2 days Thu
7/27/17
Fri
7/28/17 2 Researcher
4 Literature
Review 14 days Mon
7/31/17
Thu
8/17/17 3 Researcher
5
Developing the
proper
methodology
for research
10 days Fri
8/18/17
Thu
8/31/17 4 Researcher
6
Collection of
the Secondary
Data
7 days Fri
9/1/17
Mon
9/31/17 5 Researcher
7 Analysis of the
Data 7 days Tue
10/1/17
Wed
10/20/17 6 Researcher

8
Collection of
findings from
the analysis
4 days Thu
10/21/17
Tue
10/26/17 7 Researcher
9
Drawing
conclusions
from the study
4 days Wed
10/27/17
Mon
11/2/17 8,4 Researcher
10
Preparation of
rough draft for
the study
3 days Tue
11/3/17
Thu
11/5/17 9
Project
Supervisor,
Researcher
11
Review and
final
submission of
the work
2 days Fri
11/6/17
Mon
11/9/17 10 Researcher
WBS

Wireless Sensing
Technoloy for Monitoring
Blood Pressure
Topic selection for
the study
Preparing the layout
for proposal
Design the research
proposal
Literature Review
Developing the proper
methodology for
research
Collection of the
Secondary Data
Analysis of the Data
Collection of
findings from the
analysis
Drawing conclusions
from the study
Preparation of rough
draft for the study
Review and final
submission of the
work
10. Final technical paper details
Aldaoud, A., Laurenson, C., Rivet, F., Yuce, M.R. and Redouté, J.M., 2015. Design of a
miniaturized wireless blood pressure sensing interface using capacitive coupling. IEEE/ASME
Transactions on Mechatronics, 20(1), pp.487-491.
Benharref, A. and Serhani, M.A., 2014. Novel cloud and SOA-based framework for E-Health
monitoring using wireless biosensors. IEEE journal of biomedical and health
informatics, 18(1), pp.46-55.
Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010).
Springer New York.
Chen, L.Y., Tee, B.C.K., Chortos, A.L., Schwartz, G., Tse, V., Lipomi, D.J., Wong, H.S.P.,
McConnell, M.V. and Bao, Z., 2014. Continuous wireless pressure monitoring and mapping
with ultra-small passive sensors for health monitoring and critical care. Nature
communications, 5, p.5028.
Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Hassan, M.M. and Alamri, A., 2015. AIWAC: Affective
interaction through wearable computing and cloud technology. IEEE Wireless
Communications, 22(1), pp.20-27.
Chiuchisan, I., Costin, H.N. and Geman, O., 2014, October. Adopting the internet of things
technologies in health care systems. In Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), 2014
International Conference and Exposition on (pp. 532-535). IEEE.
Fernandez, F. and Pallis, G.C., 2014, November. Opportunities and challenges of the Internet
of Things for healthcare: Systems engineering perspective. In Wireless Mobile

Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth), 2014 EAI 4th International Conference on (pp.
263-266). IEEE.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Hamida, S.T.B., Ahmed, B., Cvetkovic, D., Jovanov, E., Kennedy, G. and Penzel, T., 2015. A
new era in sleep monitoring: the application of mobile technologies in insomnia
diagnosis. Mobile Health, Springer International Publishing, pp.101-127.
Imani, S., Bandodkar, A.J., Mohan, A.V., Kumar, R., Yu, S., Wang, J. and Mercier, P.P.,
2016. A wearable chemical–electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time
health and fitness monitoring. Nature communications, 7, p.ncomms11650.
Jung, S.J., Shin, H.S. and Chung, W.Y., 2014. Driver fatigue and drowsiness monitoring
system with embedded electrocardiogram sensor on steering wheel. IET Intelligent Transport
Systems, 8(1), pp.43-50.
Kakria, P., Tripathi, N.K. and Kitipawang, P., 2015. A real-time health monitoring system for
remote cardiac patients using smartphone and wearable sensors. International journal of
telemedicine and applications, 2015, p.8.
Li, S., Da Xu, L. and Zhao, S., 2015. The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems
Frontiers, 17(2), pp.243-259.
Memon, M., Wagner, S.R., Pedersen, C.F., Beevi, F.H.A. and Hansen, F.O., 2014. Ambient
assisted living healthcare frameworks, platforms, standards, and quality
attributes. Sensors, 14(3), pp.4312-4341.
Miramontes, R., Aquino, R., Flores, A., Rodríguez, G., Anguiano, R., Ríos, A. and Edwards,
A., 2017. PlaIMoS: a remote mobile healthcare platform to monitor cardiovascular and
respiratory variables. Sensors, 17(1), p.176.
Patel, S., Park, H., Bonato, P., Chan, L. and Rodgers, M., 2012. A review of wearable sensors
and systems with application in rehabilitation. Journal of neuroengineering and
rehabilitation, 9(1), p.21.
Rashid, B. and Rehmani, M.H., 2016. Applications of wireless sensor networks for urban
areas: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 60, pp.192-219.
Tarapiah, S., Aziz, K., Atalla, S. and Ismail, S.H., 2016. Smart Real-Time Healthcare
Monitoring and Tracking System using GSM/GPS Technologies. International Journal of
Computer Applications, pp.19-26.
Vashist, S.K., Schneider, E.M. and Luong, J.H., 2014. Commercial smartphone-based devices
and smart applications for personalized healthcare monitoring and
management. Diagnostics, 4(3), pp.104-128.
Yuvaradni, B., Dhanahsri, D., Sonali, G., Gauri, T. and Thite, M.S., 2016. Health monitoring
services using wireless body area network. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary
Research, 2(5).
11. Template for Journal Paper
[1]C. Leitão, P. Antunes, P. André, J. Pinto and J. Bastos, "Central arterial pulse waveform
acquisition with a portable pen-like optical fiber sensor", Blood Pressure Monitoring, vol.
20, no. 1, pp. 43-46, 2015.
[2]M. Leblanc, L. Cloutier and P. Poirier, "Measuring blood pressure", Blood Pressure
Monitoring, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 186-188, 2015.

[3]B. Alpert, R. Dart and D. Quinn, "Oscillometric blood pressure", Blood Pressure
Monitoring, vol. 19, no. 5, p. 255, 2014.
[4]X. Li and J. Yuan, "Mountain Landslide Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensor
Network", Information Technology Journal, vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 3357-3362, 2013.