Project Life Cycle and Methodologies for Operations and Project Management at Desklib

This report discusses the project life cycle and methodologies used in operations and project management at Desklib. It explains each stage of the PLC, analyzes project methodologies and tools used, and evaluates the effectiveness of the PLC using appropriate theories, models, and concepts. The report also explores the application of project life cycle and changes for small and large projects, and provides recommendations for improvements.

Operations and project
management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage...............................................................................3
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used...........................................................7
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project
using appropriate theories, models and concepts...................................................................8
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects...........................9
Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements....................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
1

INTRODUCTION
Project life cycle is refers to the method which involves several phases like Planning,
initiation, execution and closure. All of these levels are combined together and give the pathway
in order to carry out the task of the project in an effectual way from the starting to the last point
of it. All of these stages have known as the time period in which company need to attend their
practices in order to meet the long term goal as well as success of the project. In addition to this
business conduct their function in several levels such as starting level, middle level as well as
end level in which middle stage of this cycle in which work of the project is implemented in
order to accomplish the predetermine objectives as well as goals in the given time. The following
report is based on the company Cadbury which is based on the United Kingdom and it is a
production organization that is one of the largest brand of confectionery across the globe.
Moreover to this currently the owner of the company is Mondelez International and it was
formally called as Cadbury (Apaolaza, and et.al., 2022). The company was founded in the year
1824. Additionally the following report will cover about the case study which involves several
issues as well as challenges which are encountered by the respective organization in the process
of offering online catering services to their consumers.
Overview of the case study-
The following case study is about the manufacturing company which is Midland situated
and initiated with the aim of accomplishing the present goals as well as objectives of the
commercial business and support their workers by enhancing their standard of living. The main
goal of the companies to minimise the congestion from the common places of the organization at
the time of lunch or recess time (Boychenko, and Ismailov, E.I., 2021). Moreover to this there
are on site project of catering which is initiated by the respective organization with the aim of
offering healthy food items to their workers add the company premises as it will lead to their
enhanced motivation. There are several effectual methodologies which are linked to the project
which is opted by the company that make sure major effectiveness as well as efficiency of the
workers at the company. Also there are in depth determination process which are utilised by the
company in order to check the effectiveness of the implementation of the project as also it will
support the business to perform the pre exam in functions on the given deadline with higher
effectiveness.
2

Main Body
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your selected project, including
supporting documentation for each stage
Method of project life cycle involves several levels which supports the company in order
to attend there implement a task in an effectual as well as efficient way which will lead the
business towards more success and growth. There are several levels which are utilised by the
leaders or managers of Cadbury in accordance to increase the performance and productivity of
the workers as well as enhance their process of working in the company (Chalova, and
Omshanova, 2021). By opting these levels Cadbury make sure that the specific project is
completed on time within the limited resources they have as it supports the respective company
in order to pay more emphasis on all the working in suitable way.
Project initiation: First phase is known as the initiation phase which refers to the level in
which the company introduce the new project in the industry which is commonly is at the
starting level of introducing the project in market. In respect to the Cadbury management access
several opportunities in the market which they can conveniently accomplished by introducing
new as well as innovative items in the market. Leaders or managers of the Cadbury decides
several objectives in order to foster the onsite catering requirements of their workers.
Business case
 Background- Cadbury evaluate the issue as well as offer several solution in order to
provide food which is healthy to their workers in the time of lunch as it support the
organization to resolve the issue which is linked to the healthy eating and no crowding in
surrounding of their company. There are several methodologies of the product which are
positioned and which supports in order to manage effectual environment of the working
of the company. These such methodologies assist the leaders or managers of the company
in order to make sure optimum usage of the asset and sources as well as maintaining the
quality of operations of the business.
 Goals: The main objective of the new project which is on site cake train is to achieve the
corporate social responsibility obligation and also it minimise the no engagement of the
employees from the company (Denicol, Davies, and Pryke, 2021). It also supports to
secure them from any type of harmful effects.
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 Impact: the specific project which is named as on site catering offers more motivation
level of their workers from the company and also enhanced engagement within the
company for long period of time. The following project also supports the company by
minimising the possibilities of accidents which can impact the working of the company.
 Stakeholders: There are several stakeholders that rises with the organization in
accordance to attain the project of the business with more effectiveness as well as
efficiency these stakeholders can be managers, owners, employees, caterer of food and
anyone who is linked to the company.
 Scope: Scope is one of the most crucial elements which have the major value in order to
attain the completion of the project in given time (Desai, 2022). Leaders or managers of
the respective company evaluates dislike and likes of all their workers which in respect to
the food items and offer them in accordance to that only in order to satisfy their demands
in needs.
 Budget: Budget is known as the anticipated fiscal estimation which supports 2
accomplish the task as well as operations of the project in an effective way.
 Milestone: The milestone of the respective companies to make people aware regarding
the healthy food and minimise the congestion of their workers wrong going outside of the
premises of the company.
 Project approval: It is very essential for the company in order to get approval from the
higher level management of the company in order to implement the working on the
project.
 Project planning: Planning of project is the level in which inclusion of several data.
About the specific task which is represent in the effective way in the project planning it is
very essential for the Cadbury as well as Midlands to do it. Associates and managers of
the Cadbury need to consider this level which increases their entire efficiency and
effectiveness of the specific project as well as assist to accomplish the long term goals
and success in effective manner (Di Vito, and et.al., 2021). Company makes several
effective planning and strategies regarding the, time, workers and resources. Additionally
project plan is the method of outlining the practices as well as dependencies which are
accomplished in the provided time.
Work flow document
4

Gantt chart
Gantt chart is known as the tool of project management which involves several practices
which are done by the organization. It make sure that operations of the company are performed
in provided period of time. There are several tasks which are illustrated in the following chart in
accordance to its timeline. So this chart of the respective company is described below in brief.
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Gathering Resource: There are several resources which are needed to be completed on
the given time for example physical resources are needed to accomplish goals of this respective
project in an effective way (Ganshina, Smirnova, and Ivanova, 2021). Suppliers of catering
services make sure that consistent supply of these services can be attained on site also the plan of
the respective for which to offer the food and several services by many mood of transport of the
company.
Estimated Budget
Particulars Calculation Amount
Sales £20*500 £10000
Less: variable cost £2*300 £600
Contribution cost of Sales-variable £9400
Less: fixed cost £1500
Less: estimated cost of sales £20*100 £2000
Net profit £5900
6

Project execution: This stage is associated with the implementation of the appropriate plans of
project that is being adopted by the respective organization. In relation to the Cadbury which is
based in Midlands and also companies facing the several major issues that are linked with the
new project which is on site catering services.
Project closure: This level is associated with the planning of the project that is very
essential as the various levels shoes are taken into consideration that is linked to the efforts of the
team of the company Cadbury (Herath, and Chong, 2021).
In relation to the Cadbury the issue which is caused by on site catering services as the
leader of the organization like Cadbury apt have to make appropriate decisions in the functions
of the company by effectually adaptation of the stages which are mentioned above. Moreover to
this company is in such the position of program and project in which the management showing
the problems that is being given and also considered to the new project of the organization which
comes under the obligation of the specific department.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Very broad variety of the process of the project which are utilised in the specific project in
accordance to resolve the problems as well as issues which are related to the on site catering and
also apt App to make and 10 more better opportunities for the respective organization in order to
operate in an effectual way.
Description
Six Sigma The method is very supportive in order to make effectual potential of the
organization in relation to the satisfaction of the consumer as well as the
employee and betterment of the lower line of the company.
Lean
manufacturing
The functions of the organization are being retain in case of providing the
goods to the consumer in various market area which have to abide with
various production standard of the business. For this method the hard work
towards utilization of the appropriate techniques of the operation which are
being taken into the account (Ilyasov, 2021).
Business
process
This matter enhance the efficiency of the Cadbury by showing the appropriate
standard in accordance to the external environment of the company in which
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redesign the functions of the firm is being managed.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in application to given project using
appropriate theories, models and concepts
In the present scenario there are various functions which are being represented by the
management in the selected company. The project management theories in context to the
selected company has been described below in detail:
 Inbound logistics: The given model is place at the first level in the provided operational
management procedure of PLC in the Cadbbury (KEK, and et.al., 2022). Managers of
the organisation is being benefited with the utilization of such techniques as they are able
to create standards in operational working environment of the company.
◦ Strengths: the firm could develop better standards of working through investing
resources while managing internal affairs in the provided operational organisation.
◦ Limitations: the provided procedure of inbound logistic involves continuous
monitoring functions which results to acquisition of high operational cost
 Operations: Operations of the selected firm are being involved in the customer centric
facilities which could be adapted by effective operational management methods. This
provides managers an opportunity to make better brand image in the market and
enhance its market presence through delivering best product
◦ Strengths: the selected organisation have several outlets which are operating in
various nations world, hence applying various techniques of operational
management could make effective style of working.
◦ Limitation: Operational management infuse possible performance from human as a
resource working in the selected organisation (Komarova, and Galynin, 2022). But
the techniques of the operational management might fail to represent its
effectiveness in the business environment.
 Outbound logistics: the third level of the project life cycle is a stage where coordinative
methods are being applied and taken into consideration. The major issue which
company is facing in present time is COVID-19 pandemic.
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◦ Strengths: seeking to present situation of market the selected company with the
implementation of outbound logistics which could help in developing better work
environment
◦ Limitation: this is the stage where different personalities of several employees
could develop conflicts and disputes in the company.
Project life cycle is very crucial for the development of the organization as it is needed to
achieve the goals as well as objectives (Litvinyuk, and et.al., 2021). The manager of the project
is organised to take appropriate steps as well as decisions in order to complete project
effectively.
 Requirement: This phase shows the requirement of the various aside or resources like
investment, technology, employees and any other night are needed for positioning the
project. Moreover this approach which is 6 Sigma is very crucial for the chosen
company as it supports in minimising the wastage of the resource as well as supports in
production of the company (Xiangzhu, and et.al., 2021).
 Design: It illustrate the growth of the systematic structure that supports in the effective
completion of the respective project. Additionally it is the initial phase of project life
cycle which represents that the organization should utilise its tool in production that can
minimise the wastage.
 Development: It states about the growth of the project as well as how this has been
implemented. At the time when chosen company requires to execute the project it
wanted to execute the approach that majorly concentrate on the project quality.
 Maintenance: It is the final stage of this theory in which leaders will make appropriate
decision and they should evaluate the project (Lotfi, and et.al., 2022).
Application of project life-cycle and changes for small and large projects
Life cycle of the project is known as the technique pass method that is executed by the
organization in order to manage as well as maintain the performance and productivity at the time
when management are operating their business in the market. In relation to the respective
organization working of the project was entirely dedicated on innovating effectual methods due
to because several issues encountered by the organization because of the shifting of the
employees at the time of the services outside of the organization as because of the non-
availability of the onsite catering services. The main aim is to offer Food as well as several
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services by transportation (Lu, and Shen, 2021). Moreover to this execution of the project phase
includes several list of activities which are intentionally done in the earlier level and are being
taken into the account currently. Addition in the last stage which is closure leaders are the
respective company implements appropriate standards in their operation by agreeing to the
mentioned stages.
 Methodolo
gy
 Small-Scale Projects  Large-scale Projects
 Total
Quality
Manageme
nt
 The implementation of this
method in the work which at
the small scale is majorly
concentrated on the quality.
 This method must be
implemented so that the
quality of task can be
managed.
 Six Sigma  Implementation of the six-
sigma elements in
accordance to maintain the
policies for the employees
that are included in this task
to develop and increase their
performance (Oliveira,
Argyres, and Lumineau,
2022).
 At the time when the
model is executed on the
bigger-scale task than the
health as well as safety
employees are being
taken into account.
 Lean
Principles
 Implementation of the
method at very minor level
work is just like analysing
the productivity.
 In accordance of large-
scale tasks, company can
implement this method in
the process of
confirmative the slightest
wastage of resources and
it will improve the entire
quality of the work.
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Evaluation of PLC through practical and theoretical exploration of its effectiveness and
recommendations for improvements
Project life cycle is known as the method which are executed by the manager of the project in
accordance to manage effectual rules and regulation of the introduced project throughout the life
cycle of the specific work (Romero-Silva, 2021). Moreover to this there are various methods in
which efficiency as well as effectiveness can be attained that are mentioned below in brief.
 Clarity of project objectives: It offers appropriate vision in order to accomplish it that is
very crucial to minimise the wastage of the essential assets or resources.
 Guidance of project activities: An effective guidance or direction is given in reference
of initiating the event of the project.
 Result focus: It refers to the final time which can be dedicated in terms of the outcomes
of the project (Rybakova, and Lukyanova, 2021).
Conclusion
From the report it has been concluded that the levels off the project life cycle Bing represented as
it has the major part any knowing and understanding of the functions as well as accomplishment
of the goal of the respective organization. Have the entire contribution of project life cycle can
be supported in terms of designing as well as development of effectual strategy of the operations
towards the efficient functioning of the respective project of the organization. Together with this
the factual representation of the various methods of the project are also shown in case of
consistent line of betterment.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Apaolaza, U., and et.al., 2022. Competitive Improvement through Integrated Management of
Sales and Operations. Sustainability, 14(5), p.2722.
Boychenko, O.V. and Ismailov, E.I., 2021, November. Planning in the Process of
Implementation of the Strategy of Socio-economic Development of the Region.
In International Scientific and Practical Conference Operations and Project
management: strategies and trends (pp. 350-354). Springer, Cham.
Chalova, A.Y. and Omshanova, E.A., 2021, November. Development of Approaches to Assess
the Effectiveness of the National Projects Implementation. In International Scientific
and Practical Conference Operations and Project management: strategies and trends (pp.
318-324). Springer, Cham.
Denicol, J., Davies, A. and Pryke, S., 2021. The organisational architecture of
megaprojects. International Journal of Project Management, 39(4), pp.339-350.
Desai, S., 2022. Manager, Bus Garage Operations (BUS00M8).
Di Vito, V., and et.al., 2021. Flight management enabling technologies for single pilot operations
in Small Air Transport vehicles in the COAST project. In IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1024, No. 1, p. 012089). IOP Publishing.
Ganshina, E.Y., Smirnova, I.L. and Ivanova, S.P., 2021, November. Choosing an Organizational
Change Management Strategy for the Younger Generation on the Base of EDAS
Methods Analysis. In International Scientific and Practical Conference Operations and
Project management: strategies and trends (pp. 90-97). Springer, Cham.
Herath, S. and Chong, S., 2021. Key Components and Critical Success Factors for Project
Management Success: A Literature Review. Operations and Supply Chain Management:
An International Journal, 14(4), pp.431-443.
Ilyasov, R.K., 2021, November. Flows in the Digital Economy: New Approaches to Modeling,
Analysis and Management. In International Scientific and Practical Conference
Operations and Project management: strategies and trends (pp. 456-463). Springer,
Cham.
KEK, V., and et.al., 2022. Resilience strategies to recover from the cascading ripple effect in a
copper supply chain through project management. Operations Management Research,
pp.1-21.
Komarova, A.V. and Galynin, S.V., 2022. Evolution of Operations Management Model in
International Hotel Business. Russian Foreign Economic Journal, (2), pp.27-35.
Litvinyuk, A.A., and et.al., 2021, November. Reproduction of Human Resources of Academic
Organizations as an Imperative of the Future Economy. In International Scientific and
Practical Conference Operations and Project management: strategies and trends (pp.
738-744). Springer, Cham.
Lotfi, R., and et.al., 2022. A robust time-cost-quality-energy-environment trade-off with
resource-constrained in project management: A case study for a bridge construction
project. Journal of industrial & management optimization, 18(1), p.375.
Lu, M. and Shen, Z.J.M., 2021. A review of robust operations management under model
uncertainty. Production and Operations Management, 30(6), pp.1927-1943.
Oliveira, N., Argyres, N. and Lumineau, F., 2022. The role of communication style in adaptation
to interorganizational project disruptions. Journal of Operations Management.
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Romero-Silva, R., 2021. Mapping operations research in project management: a bibliometric
analysis. OPENAIRE.
Rybakova, A.K. and Lukyanova, A.V., 2021, November. Employee Motivation and Engagement
Projects as an Effective HR Management Tool. In International Scientific and Practical
Conference Operations and Project management: strategies and trends (pp. 442-447).
Springer, Cham.’
Xiangzhu, M., and et.al., 2021, November. Transformation of the Information and Analytical
System for Making Managerial Decisions in Economic Sectors. In International
Scientific and Practical Conference Operations and Project management: strategies and
trends (pp. 338-343). Springer, Cham.
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