Project Management

This document provides an overview of a project management plan for the design and construction of a solar highway. It includes information on schedule management, project duration, critical path, and project cost management. The document also discusses the objectives of the project and the tools and techniques used for preparing the schedule. It is a valuable resource for students studying project management.

Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Overview of the project..............................................................................................................2
1. Schedule management plan....................................................................................................2
1.1 Tools and techniques that are used for preparing schedule..............................................2
1.2 Project activity list showcasing milestones, sequence, resources and relationship.........3
1.3 Critical path......................................................................................................................7
1.4 Project duration................................................................................................................8
1.5 Roles and responsibilities...............................................................................................11
1.6 Proper monitoring and schedule controlling..................................................................11
1.7 Schedule baseline...........................................................................................................12
1.8 Resource plan.................................................................................................................13
2. Project cost management plan..............................................................................................14
2.1 Tools and techniques......................................................................................................14
2.2 Project budget.................................................................................................................15
2.3 Estimation method.........................................................................................................20
2.4 Time phase budget.........................................................................................................20
2.5 Monitoring and controlling cost.....................................................................................21
2.6 Cost baseline..................................................................................................................23
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................24

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Overview of the project
The paper mainly reflects on the design of a solar highway in which the solar panel is
generally laid under each part of the ring road that is mainly surrounding the capital. The
main aim of the project is to design solar highway roads for storing solar energy within the
design layers of the road. The project is mainly needed in order to reduce the dependency on
the non-renewable sources of energy which further helps in reducing the design of the solar
road panel. The objectives of the project are mainly listed below:
 To develop as well as design proper structured road that would be helpful in storing
the solar energy within the design layers
 To design road that is very much energy efficient that further helpful in minimizing
the emission rate of the greenhouse gases
 To properly enable the driving of the electric car that helps in taking the electric
energy from the solar energy that is mainly stored within the roads.
1. Schedule management plan
1.1 Tools and techniques that are used for preparing schedule
The various tools and techniques that are mainly utilized in order to prepare the
schedule of the project are mainly listed below:
Gantt chart: Gantt chart are considered as horizontal bar that is helpful in preparing
the project schedule (Bartlett et al. 2015). It is found that the Gantt chart generally helps in
reflecting the task dependencies, availability of the resources, duration needed, and
dependencies of the activity. Furthermore the plan that is reflected by the Gantt chart helps in
showcasing the entire plan of the project.
Schedule network analysis: The schedule network is also considered as one of the
scheduling tool that helps in reflecting the logical interrelationship between the various

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
elements in a very much chronological order starting from the initial planning to the closure
phase of the project.
Critical path method: It is found that the critical path of the project is mainly
considered as one of the sequential string that not only helps in reflecting the dependencies
between the tasks but allow arrowed lines in order to represent the activities by representing
the milestone of the project quite effectively (Kerzner 2018).
PERT chart: PERT chart helps in allowing proper as well as better uncertainty. It is
found that for each of the project activities, there are three estimates of time that can be
identified including the shortest time, most likely time as well as the longest time In addition
to this, it also helps in creating proper project schedule and therefore PERT is considered as a
scheduling tool.
1.2 Project activity list showcasing milestones, sequence, resources and relationship
The table that is given below helps in showcasing the milestone, sequence, resources
as well as relationship between the project activities.
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names
0
Project schedule for
Solar highways
190 days
Wed 01-
05-19
Tue
21-01-
20
1 Initiation phase 28 days
Wed 01-
05-19
Fri 07-
06-19
1.1
Undertaking
survey of the site
10 days
Wed 01-
05-19
Tue
14-05-
19
Project manager
1.2 Proper meeting 7 days Wed 15- Thu 2 Sponsor

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with the consumers 05-19
23-05-
19
1.3
Taking permission
from the developers
6 days
Fri 24-
05-19
Fri 31-
05-19
3 HR manager
1.4
Getting
permission from the
sponsor
5 days
Mon 03-
06-19
Fri 07-
06-19
4 Project manager
2
Planning phase of
the project
65 days
Mon 10-
06-19
Fri 06-
09-19
2.1
Proper
management of
project resources
26 days
Mon 10-
06-19
Mon
15-07-
19
2.1.1
Determining
both renewable ad
non-renewable
sources
9 days
Mon 10-
06-19
Thu
20-06-
19
5 Material cost[1]
2.1.2
Gathering data
from different sources
8 days
Tue 25-
06-19
Thu
04-07-
19
8FS+2 days Project manager
2.1.3
Undertaking
resource analysis
7 days
Fri 05-
07-19
Mon
15-07-
19
9
HR manager,
Finance manager
2.2 Undertaking
technical
requirement
39 days Tue 16-
07-19
Fri 06-
09-19

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gathering
2.2.1
Installation of
photovoltaic cell
9 days
Tue 16-
07-19
Fri 26-
07-19
10 Technical analyst
2.2.2
Installation of
heating element
8 days
Wed 31-
07-19
Fri 09-
08-19
12FS+2 days Electrical engineer
2.2.3
Installation of
digital signal
transmitter
7 days
Mon 12-
08-19
Tue
20-08-
19
13
Electrical engineer,
Technical analyst
2.2.4
Installation of
on board
microprocessor
8 days
Wed 21-
08-19
Fri 30-
08-19
14 Electrical engineer
2.2.5
Identification of
non-technical
resource gathering
5 days
Mon 02-
09-19
Fri 06-
09-19
15 Contractor
3 Designing phase 47 days
Mon 02-
09-19
Tue
05-11-
19
3.1 System mounting 14 days
Mon 02-
09-19
Thu
19-09-
19
15 Civil engineers
3.2 Proper inspection 20 days
Tue 03-
09-19
Mon
30-09-
19
18SS+1 day Sponsor
3.3 Undertaking
physical inspection
12 days Tue 01-
10-19
Wed
16-10-
19 Additional cost[1]

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
19
3.4
Undertaking
technical inspection
14 days
Thu 17-
10-19
Tue
05-11-
19
20 Technical analyst
4 Execution phase 123 days
Thu 25-
07-19
Mon
13-01-
20
4.1
Preparation of
base layer
60 days
Thu 25-
07-19
Thu
17-10-
19
21SF
Sub-contractor,
Workers
4.2
Formation of
electronic layer
35 days
Thu 17-
10-19
Wed
04-12-
19
23 Workers
4.3 Installation of Led 24 days
Mon 21-
10-19
Thu
21-11-
19
24SS+2 days Sub-contractor
4.4
Glass/ roads or
surface construction
37 days
Fri 22-
11-19
Mon
13-01-
20
25
Civil engineers,
Contractor
5 Closure 6 days
Tue 14-
01-20
Tue
21-01-
20
5.1 Sign off
stakeholders
5 days Tue 14-
01-20
Mon
20-01-
26 Project manager

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
20
5.2
Submission of
final project draft
1 day
Tue 21-
01-20
Tue
21-01-
20
28 Workers
1.3 Critical path
Critical path is defined as one of the longest sequence of project activities that is
present within a project plan that needs to be finished on the time is assumed before starting
the project. Creating a critical path on the schedule generally involves identification of the
tasks that are important for completing the project work successfully (Svejvig and Andersen
2015). The critical path that is developed for the project designing as well as construction of
solar highway helps in assessing the actual time versus the planned time for tracking the
current progress of the project. The below figure showcases the critical path for the design of
Solar highways and reflects that the entire project is on track.

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Figure 1: Critical path
(Source: Created by Author)
1.4 Project duration
The table that is given below helps in reflecting the duration of the project and as per
which the entire project will get completed within 190 days. The provided below table
generally showcases the time that is required for proper execution of the initiation phase,
planning phase as well as project closure phase with proper initiation as well as completion
date for each of the project phase.

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WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish

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0
Project schedule for Solar
highways
190 days Wed 01-05-19
Tue 21-01-
20
1 Initiation phase 28 days Wed 01-05-19
Fri 07-06-
19
1.1 Undertaking survey of the site 10 days Wed 01-05-19
Tue 14-05-
19
1.2
Proper meeting with the
consumers
7 days Wed 15-05-19
Thu 23-05-
19
1.3
Taking permission from the
developers
6 days Fri 24-05-19
Fri 31-05-
19
1.4
Getting permission from the
sponsor
5 days Mon 03-06-19
Fri 07-06-
19
2 Planning phase of the project 65 days Mon 10-06-19
Fri 06-09-
19
2.1
Proper management of project
resources
26 days Mon 10-06-19
Mon 15-07-
19
2.1.1
Determining both renewable ad
non-renewable sources
9 days Mon 10-06-19
Thu 20-06-
19
2.1.2
Gathering data from different
sources
8 days Tue 25-06-19
Thu 04-07-
19
2.1.3 Undertaking resource analysis 7 days Fri 05-07-19
Mon 15-07-
19
2.2
Undertaking technical
requirement gathering
39 days Tue 16-07-19
Fri 06-09-
19

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 Installation of photovoltaic cell 9 days Tue 16-07-19
Fri 26-07-
19
2.2.2 Installation of heating element 8 days Wed 31-07-19
Fri 09-08-
19
2.2.3
Installation of digital signal
transmitter
7 days Mon 12-08-19
Tue 20-08-
19
2.2.4
Installation of on board
microprocessor
8 days Wed 21-08-19
Fri 30-08-
19
2.2.5
Identification of non-technical
resource gathering
5 days Mon 02-09-19
Fri 06-09-
19
3 Designing phase 47 days Mon 02-09-19
Tue 05-11-
19
3.1 System mounting 14 days Mon 02-09-19
Thu 19-09-
19
3.2 Proper inspection 20 days Tue 03-09-19
Mon 30-09-
19
3.3 Undertaking physical inspection 12 days Tue 01-10-19
Wed 16-10-
19
3.4 Undertaking technical inspection 14 days Thu 17-10-19
Tue 05-11-
19
4 Execution phase 123 days Thu 25-07-19
Mon 13-01-
20
4.1 Preparation of base layer 60 days Thu 25-07-19
Thu 17-10-
19

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
4.2 Formation of electronic layer 35 days Thu 17-10-19
Wed 04-12-
19
4.3 Installation of Led 24 days Mon 21-10-19
Thu 21-11-
19
4.4
Glass/ roads or surface
construction
37 days Fri 22-11-19
Mon 13-01-
20
5 Closure 6 days Tue 14-01-20
Tue 21-01-
20
5.1 Sign off stakeholders 5 days Tue 14-01-20
Mon 20-01-
20
5.2 Submission of final project draft 1 day Tue 21-01-20
Tue 21-01-
20
1.5 Roles and responsibilities
It is found that in order to develop schedule for the project, it is quite important for
the project manager to estimate the time, duration as well as requirements of the project They
take the responsibility of preparing the project plan that not only showcases the activities as
per the logical sequence but also helps in showcasing the time as well as budget of the
project. In addition to this, they also have the responsibility of assigning resources to the
project schedule as per the skill and experience.
1.6 Proper monitoring and schedule controlling
EVM is one of the project management tools that helps inn properly determining as
well as controlling the issues before they are in coverable. It is found that with the help of
schedule variance, it is reflected how much ahead or behind the entire project schedule is
presently running whereas the schedule performance indictor helps in showing the efficiency

13
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
of the duration that is mainly used within the project (Zareei 2018). It is found that in order to
monitor as well as control the schedule of the project, Earned value management technique is
used and as per which, the schedule is on track and therefore the project will be executed on
time.
Figure 2: Earned value schedule indicator
(Source: Created by Author)
1.7 Schedule baseline
Schedule baseline is defined as the original schedule of the project that is agreed by
the stakeholders before it gets started. It is considered as one of the fixed measure that is
mainly utilized with planning against the progress of the actual project that is generally

14
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
measured (Badewi 2016). The schedule baseline that is mainly developed for designing the
solar highways generally include the expected time scale in order to properly deliver the
outcomes of the project plus the related information that is considered to be estimated cost as
well as estimated utilization of project resources. The baseline schedule for the designing as
well as development of solar highways are generally reflected below with the help of the
below figure.
Figure 3: Schedule baseline
(Source: Created by Author)
1.8 Resource plan
The resource plan that is created for designing as well as developing the solar
highways are mainly reflected below with the help of the below diagram. The figure that is

15
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
provided below helps in showcasing how much hours the project stakeholders generally
provide within the project in order to design the solar highways (Papke-Shields and Boyer-
Wright 2017).The time for which the stakeholders work and the work that is remaining is also
reflected. In the below diagram, the orange colour is reflecting the remaining work whereas
the blue colour is helpful in showcasing the actual work whereas the grey line helps in
reflecting the baseline work.
Project
manager
HR
manager
Finance
manager
Contractor Sub
contracor
Workers Ciivil
engineers
Techhnical
analyst
Electrical
engineer
Sponsor
0 hrs
100 hrs
200 hrs
300 hrs
400 hrs
500 hrs
600 hrs
700 hrs
800 hrs
900 hrs
Actual Work Remaining Work Baseline Work
Figure 4: Resource plan
(Source: Created by Author)
2. Project cost management plan
2.1 Tools and techniques
The tools and techniques that are utilized for cost estimation of the project that aims
to design solar highways are mainly illustrated below:
Expert judgement: With the help of expert judgement tool, the first step is to gather
comments from the expert as the entire estimation will be done as per their experience and

16
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
therefore their advice is required for making proper estimation of cost for successful project
execution.
Analogous estimation: It is found that at the initial stages of the project when there is
not much detail about the project, then sometimes the cost is estimated by taking into account
a very similar projects (Hornstein 2015). Analogous estimation technique generally utilizes
different types of parameters including scope, budget, duration as well as complexity of the
project.
Parametric estimation: The technique utilizes an algorithm for calculating the cost
that is associated with an activity for properly considering the project variables as well as
historical dat. It is found that proper statistical relationship is generally required to be
evaluated properly between the variables as well as historical data and it is found that this
project is mainly utilized for completing the project of the same project activities.
Bottom up estimation: The bottom up estimation technique generally starts with
proper estimation from the lower level of the package and the entire work package level is
generally created with the help of the work breakdown structure (Badewi 2016). In addition
to this, it is found that the accuracy of his type of estimation is very much high from the
project granular level.
2.2 Project budget
It is found that the design of the solar highways will need budget of around
$1,374,000. The figure which is provided reflects on the budget that is required for the
execution of each project activities. The table below showcases the money that is mainly
needed for completing the work for each of the project phase quite effectively.
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Cost

17
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Names
0
Project
schedule for
Solar highways
190 days
Wed
01-05-
19
Tue 21-
01-20
$
1,374,000.00
1
Initiation
phase
28 days
Wed
01-05-
19
Fri 07-
06-19
$ 8,160.00
1.1
Undertaking
survey of the
site
10 days
Wed
01-05-
19
Tue 14-
05-19
Project
manager
$ 4,000.00
1.2
Proper
meeting with
the consumers
7 days
Wed
15-05-
19
Thu 23-
05-19
2 Sponsor $ 0.00
1.3
Taking
permission from
the developers
6 days
Fri
24-05-
19
Fri 31-
05-19
3 HR manager $ 2,160.00
1.4
Getting
permission from
the sponsor
5 days
Mon
03-06-
19
Fri 07-
06-19
4
Project
manager
$ 2,000.00
2
Planning
phase of the
project
65 days
Mon
10-06-
19
Fri 06-
09-19
$ 840,840.00
2.1 Proper
management of
project
26 days Mon
10-06-
Mon
15-07-
$ 828,504.00

18
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
resources 19 19
2.1.1
Determining
both renewable
ad non-
renewable
sources
9 days
Mon
10-06-
19
Thu 20-
06-19
5
Material
cost[1]
$ 820,544.00
2.1.2
Gathering
data from
different
sources
8 days
Tue
25-06-
19
Thu 04-
07-19
8FS+2 days
Project
manager
$ 3,200.00
2.1.3
Undertaking
resource
analysis
7 days
Fri
05-07-
19
Mon
15-07-
19
9
HR manager,
Finance
manager
$ 4,760.00
2.2
Undertaking
technical
requirement
gathering
39 days
Tue
16-07-
19
Fri 06-
09-19
$ 12,336.00
2.2.1
Installation of
photovoltaic
cell
9 days
Tue
16-07-
19
Fri 26-
07-19
10
Technical
analyst
$ 2,520.00
2.2.2 8 days Wed Fri 09- 12FS+2 days Electrical $ 2,176.00

19
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Installation of
heating element
31-07-
19
08-19 engineer
2.2.3
Installation of
digital signal
transmitter
7 days
Mon
12-08-
19
Tue 20-
08-19
13
Electrical
engineer,
Technical
analyst
$ 3,864.00
2.2.4
Installation of
on board
microprocessor
8 days
Wed
21-08-
19
Fri 30-
08-19
14
Electrical
engineer
$ 2,176.00
2.2.5
Identification of
non-technical
resource
gathering
5 days
Mon
02-09-
19
Fri 06-
09-19
15 Contractor $ 1,600.00
3
Designing
phase
47 days
Mon
02-09-
19
Tue 05-
11-19
$ 454,240.00
3.1
System
mounting
14 days
Mon
02-09-
19
Thu 19-
09-19
15 Civil engineers $ 3,920.00
3.2
Proper
inspection
20 days
Tue
03-09-
19
Mon
30-09-
19
18SS+1 day Sponsor $ 0.00
3.3 Undertaking 12 days Tue Wed 19 Additional $ 446,400.00

20
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
physical
inspection
01-10-
19
16-10-
19
cost[1]
3.4
Undertaking
technical
inspection
14 days
Thu
17-10-
19
Tue 05-
11-19
20
Technical
analyst
$ 3,920.00
4
Execution
phase
123 days
Thu
25-07-
19
Mon
13-01-
20
$ 68,520.00
4.1
Preparation
of base layer
60 days
Thu
25-07-
19
Thu 17-
10-19
21SF
Sub-contractor,
Workers
$ 31,200.00
4.2
Formation
of electronic
layer
35 days
Thu
17-10-
19
Wed
04-12-
19
23 Workers $ 8,400.00
4.3
Installation
of Led
24 days
Mon
21-10-
19
Thu 21-
11-19
24SS+2 days Sub-contractor $ 6,720.00
4.4
Glass/ roads
or surface
construction
37 days
Fri
22-11-
19
Mon
13-01-
20
25
Civil engineers,
Contractor
$ 22,200.00
5 Closure 6 days
Tue
14-01-
20
Tue 21-
01-20
$ 2,240.00
5.1 Sign off
stakeholders
5 days Tue
14-01-
Mon
20-01-
26 Project $ 2,000.00

21
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
20 20 manager
5.2
Submission
of final project
draft
1 day
Tue
21-01-
20
Tue 21-
01-20
28 Workers $ 240.00
2.3 Estimation method
It is found that in order to estimate the cost for the designing the solar highways,
bottom up estimation method is mainly utilized. This method of cost estimation is mainly the
most accurate technique for estimating the cost of the project however it requires time
(Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). This kind of estimation generally requires the entire project
team and helps in providing them the opportunity to take part within the entire estimation
method. Moreover, it is found that it analyzed that with the help of this estimation technique,
the morale as well as motivation of the entire project team gets improved in order to
formulate the budget for achieving the budgeted targets.
2.4 Time phase budget
The time-phase budget generally helps in allowing the project managers to properly
allocate the cost that is needed for the project activities over the timeline in which the budget
expenditure are planned to take place properly. It is found that time-phase budget generally
helps in uniting the schedule as well as budget of the project for reflecting the cash flow
visibility (Ramazani and Jergeas 2015). In addition to this, it is found that time-phase budget
helps in controlling the cost of the project quite effectively. The time-phase budget that is
developed for designing the solar highways are generally reflected with the help of the figure
that is provided below:

22
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
April 2019
May 2019
June 2019
July 2019
August 2019
September 2019
October 2019
November 2019
December 2019
January 2020
$ 0.00
$ 200,000.00
$ 400,000.00
$ 600,000.00
$ 800,000.00
Time-phase budget
Cost
Figure 5: Time-phase budget
(Source: Created by Author)
2.5 Monitoring and controlling cost
Cost control using Earned Value management is one of the effective technique that is
used for tracking the cost of the project in order to examine the expenditures of the project
relative to completed work of the project. The cost variance that is identified is used for
calculating the difference between the actual cost as well as earned value. Proper monitoring
of cost variance is quite critical in order to ensure that is entire project is delivered on budget.
Proper realistic estimation of the project is quite appropriate for ensuring that the project cost
is on track (Bucero and Englund 2015). The earned value calculation that is mainly utilized in
order to monitor as well as control the cost of the project generally helps in reflecting that the
entire project budget is on track and it will get completed within the assigned budget.

23
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Figure 6: Earned value management for cost indicators
(Source: Created by Author)
2.6 Cost baseline
Cost baseline is one of the authorized time phase spending plan that helps in
reflecting the cost performance of the entire project. The cost baseline mainly includes all the
project activities as well as resource costs that are mainly set aside for responding to the
various types of risks as well as challenges which are mainly identified (Samset and Volden
2016). The cost baseline that is developed for the project “designing solar highways” are

24
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
helpful in properly handling the amount of money that project generally predicts and on the
other side when the money that will generally be spent. It is an approved budget within a time
distribution format that is used for estimating, monitoring as well as controlling the overall
cost performance of the entire project.
April 2019
May 2019
June 2019
July 2019
August 2019
September 2019
October 2019
November 2019
December 2019
January 2020
$ 0.00
$ 200,000.00
$ 400,000.00
$ 600,000.00
$ 800,000.00
$ 1,000,000.00
$ 1,200,000.00
$ 1,400,000.00
$ 1,600,000.00
Cost baseline
Cumulative Cost
Figure 7: Cost baseline
(Source: Created by Author)

25
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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