Project Management: Planning and Evaluation

This assignment delves into the crucial aspects of project management, emphasizing the significance of meticulous planning and comprehensive evaluation. It highlights how understanding project requirements, timelines, resources, and risks enables effective task allocation and progress monitoring. The assignment also underscores the value of relevant skills, such as time management and communication, for successful project completion.

REDEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL TOWN AND FACILITIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
DEVELOPING A PROJECT PLAN...............................................................................................4
RISK MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................................7
LEADERSHIP BEING AND EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGER.............................................8
MANAGING PROJECT TEAM...................................................................................................10
OUTSOURCING: MANAGING INTER-ORGANISATIONAL RELATIONS..........................12
SCHEDULING RESOURCES AND COSTS...............................................................................13
REDUCING PROJECT DURATION...........................................................................................16
PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION...........................17
PROJECT CLOSURE...................................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21
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INTRODUCTION
Project management is the process which nowadays is regarded as a very high priority for all
kind of companies and organizations whether it is small or large, whether the project initiated by
the company is at one time or it is continuously is being initiated by the company. It has become
important for the companies to remain indulged in the practices which could help them in
managing project in an appropriate way. A report is developed on the basis of the ASEAN
countries in which there are many of the countries incur. Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, and
Malaysia are the four ASEAN countries which are showing a rapid growth in the economy.
These are the countries which remain indulged in the practices of developing some of the other
innovative projects so as to manage the progress. It is required that a proper set of the framework
should be developed by the project manager so that a support system could be created for these
countries which could help them in managing the growth and developing a successful project.
Hence, a report is developed which is based on a project of a company of Singapore which is
working on a construction project of a redevelopment of a small town and facility. The report
will include all set of information of how the project information related to a construction project
which will help in completing the same in an effective way and will provide a set direction so as
to manage the things in the way they are required to be managed.
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DEVELOPING A PROJECT PLAN
Project Network Diagrams
A proper project network diagram is developed in which numbering to every single activity is
being provided. From the introduction of the project to the audit and closure and from audit and
closure till oversight every single activity is being provided which will help project manager in
developing a proper construction project (Finak, et. al., 2013).
(Furnham, & Gunter, 2015)
A network design was prepared by the engineering team of the construction project in which all
the aspects were taken into consideration. In the above network diagram, ES stands for the early
stand, EF stands for an early finish, LS stands for the late start, LF stands for the late finish and
SL stands for slack or float.
Activity Node Diagram
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(Haugan, 2012)
Activity node diagram of a project helps in evaluating every single aspect related to all the
activities of the project. Activity node diagram uses nodes to depict any activity and provides a
direction to the project manager complete the same within the required time period.
ES+DURATION=EF is the formula used by the engineers to determine the early finish time
LF-DURATION=LS is the formula used by the engineers to determine late start time (Howard,
Lock, & Bryant, 2009).
Gantt chart
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A Gantt Chart is developed by the project manager to ensure that all the aspects related to the
construction project could be kept in place (Furnham, & Gunter, 2015). The project initiated
requires that a proper and appropriate Gantt chart should be developed. Gantt chart is a graphical
presentation of the project in which include proper bifurcation of every single activity of the
project. This provides a set direction to the project manager in processing the project
requirements and completing the project within the required deadlines.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management is the process which helps the project management team in securing the
project. It is necessary that the project manager should analyse and evaluate all the risk factors
which could have a huge impact on the progress of a project as it helps in developing proper set
of strategies with the effect of which all the risk factors could be removed and project could be
processed in a smooth and safe way (Iland, 2013).
Risk Management Process
Identification of risk is the first step required to be focused upon by the project management
team. It is required that all the risk aspects should be identified in a proper way which could have
a huge impact on the progress of the project.
Identify the Risk
Risk assessment is the second step required to be taken into consideration by the project
management team. Risk assessment helps in evaluating the likelihood of the occurrence of the
risk and helps in evaluating the severe risk impacts on the progress of the project (JIE, 2017).
Analyse the Risk
Risk control is the third process of the project in which aspects are evaluated which could help in
controlling the project risks. Controlling should be focused upon by the project management
team as it helps in evaluating the aspects of the risk factors which could be mitigated. Control
provides a direction to the team with the effect of which impact of the risk could get reduced.
Evaluating or Ranking the Risk
Evaluating and ranking a risk is a third step which is required to be followed by the project
manager. It is necessary that all the evaluated risk factors should be ranked so that priorities
could be set according to the impact of the risk.
Monitor and review the Risk
Monitoring is the fourth step of risk management process in which evaluation is being done of
has situation changed after controlling the risk factors and evaluation of the fact is done of
whether any new emerging risk factors are left behind (Levin, 2007).
Risk Response Control
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Risk Impact of
the Risk
Likelihood of
occurrence
Score of the Risk Response
Type
Schedule risk High Very Likely 5 Quick
Programmatic Risks High Likely 3 Moderate
Operational Risk High Not Likely 4 Quick
Technical Risks Medium Not Likely 2 Moderate
Budget Risk High Likely 4 Quick
(Lock, 2013)
LEADERSHIP BEING AND EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGER
Leadership is one of the most important aspects attached to any project in which a good skilled
leader prefer to ensure that the team members working on the project should come together and
work on the project. A good leader resolves all the issues of a project management team which
helps in bringing quality to the project and helps in managing the things in a subtle way (Miller,
2008).
The manager is the person who ensures that the things could be managed in a proper way.
Manager related with the project management team ensures that all things related to the project
should remain in a sequence and remain professional with the team working on the project.
Managing Project Stakeholders
Project stakeholders are the people who either directly or indirectly remain attached to the
project or get impacted with each and every activity of the project. Some of the stakeholders
identified in relation to the construction project are a project team, manager of the project,
functional manager, construction manager, contractors, government agencies, and customers.
It is necessary that the project should be developed in such a way with which needs and
requirements of the stakeholders should get fulfilled in a proper way
(Miller, 2009).
Influence as Exchange
Managing exchange rates is necessary to be undertaken by the project manager, currency
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exchange includes:
Task-related currencies mean evaluating all the tasks and the amount which will indulge in
completing that particular set of task.
Position related currencies include the expenses made in the project for various positions
Inspiration-related currency include visiting sites and taking inspiration, the amount spent in this
will be included in the inspiration related currencies
Maintaining relationships with other expertise requires that the expenses should be made by the
project management team. This ensures smooth flow of the project (Norman, Brotherton, &
Robert, 2010).
Social Networking Building
Social networking is becoming a necessity for all the aspects in the present scenario. In this
situation it becomes important that the project management team should promote the project on
social media, this will help in attracting more contracts and building social relationships in the
market.
Ethics and Project Manager
When a project is initiated by any organization it becomes important that all the ethics should be
followed. It becomes important that the project should ensure to provide economic growth of the
country, the project should help the society to grow, wages of the labor should be fair and it
should not affect the environment.
A construction project should ensure to build trust among the society and the contractor should
try to build a healthy relationship with all the stakeholders attached to the project.
There are several sets of aspects which will help in enhancing the quality of a project these
aspects are innovation, all the team members working on the project should remain stress free,
plans developed by the project management team should be flexible so that changes could be
introduced whenever they are required (Norman, Brotherton, and Fried, 2011).
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MANAGING PROJECT TEAM
Project team management is one of the most crucial tasks attached to any project. People of
different diversity come together to work on the same project, these people share different
values, beliefs, and cultures. In this situation, it becomes hard to build a team and manage the
same in a proper way. Hence, it is necessary that a project team manager should have a proper set
of knowledge related to five stage team development model. This model comprises of forming,
storming, and norming, performing and adjourning.
(Pigott, & Hobbs, 2011)
It is a well-known fact that team management is a really tough task in project management so as
to understand all the aspects related to project team development it is important that a manager
should have a proper set of knowledge related to the situational factors which affect team
development.
Working style of each individual, the culture of the people working on the project, leadership, the
decision makes aspects, a division of work, decision-making aspects, and motivation.
Building high-performance project team requires that a project manager should recruit skilled
people at the workplace.
Conducting daily meeting and managing the flow of information (Sikwane, 2016)
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Establishing the ground rules like providing planning decisions to the team members, tracking
the decision of all the individuals, managing the changes and building positive relationships at
the workplace.
Project Team Virtual
(Wasson, 2015)
Project Team Pitfalls
Thinking of the groups does not match as they lack trust and faith among each other and rely
upon individual performance
Disagreement over the standards also affects the project progress
Stubbornness over scheduling could also affect the project progress
Resistance to the feedback could also affect the project and its continuity (Ansell, 2008).
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SCHEDULING RESOURCES AND COSTS
Scheduling is the process which helps the project management team in evaluating time which is
required to be indulged in every single activity of the work. Scheduling provides a set path to the
project management team in managing the work according to the time allotted and help them in
prioritizing the work (Haugan, 2012).
Types of Resource Constraints
People, material, and equipment are some of the resources which will help the manager in
constructing a project. It is necessary that the people selected by the project manager should be
skilled and should have a proper set of knowledge related to the construction work of the town.
Planning in advance for the material and evaluating the quantity required will help in processing
the work in a smooth way. Type, size, and quantity of the equipment should be estimated in a
proper way by the constructor so that construction work could get completed within the required
time.
Scheduling Problems
Scheduling problems could be classified into different aspects like sequence of machines as it
becomes hard to sequence all the machines in a well-coordinated way, number of machines are
required to be estimated so as to ensure that the work could be managed, processing time is one
of the most typical aspects of scheduling as it becomes hard to estimate the time that will be
indulged in processing the work (Howard, Lock, & Bryant, 2009).
Using Resources and Time Management
Resource Allocation Method
There are a various set of methods which could be used to allocate the resources, some of the
methods are assumptions, and time-constrained projects: smoothing resource demands, and
constraint projects. These aspects help in allocating the resources according to their requirement
in the project (Iland, 2013).
Computer Demonstration of Resource-Constrained Scheduling
It is required that a project management team working on the project should work towards
developing a proper schedule for the end project. It is required that Gantt chart should be
prepared by the project manager to represent all the aspects of the construction project in a
graphical form (JIE, 2017).
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Splitting activities and arranging them according to the priorities will help the project
management team in managing the work. The Gantt chart shown will provide a set path to every
single project team member in managing the work and completing the same within the budget
and time decided (Levin, 2007).
Budget is another aspect which is again required to be prepared in advance by the project team
members working on the project. It is necessary that the budget developed should include all the
expenses. The budget prepared by project manager should be time-based and should include all
the activities according to the time which will be indulged in the same.
(Lock, 2013)
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REDUCING PROJECT DURATION
Reducing project duration is important for the project manager because it will help in making
more profit and will help in enhancing the goodwill in the market. Reducing project duration will
also help the contractor in testing and will help in evaluating all the aspects which are necessary
to test the project and assure that the project prepared is up to the mark.
There are various options available with the project manager to accelerate the project completion
these options are based on two variables options when resources are not constrained and options
when resources are constrained (Mavridis, Gross-Amblard, and Miklós, 2016).
1st variable include various options like adding the resources
It is the process in which resources related to the project are added to manage the work. This
helps in completing the project requirements and tasks in an appropriate way and helps in
completing the project within the required deadlines. Some of the aspects related to adding the
resources are outsourcing the project work, scheduling overtime in which team members will
give extra time to the project, establishing the core project team.
2nd variable include fast-tracking
It means managing the work from the initial time only. Tracking all the activities and developing
plans according to the same helps in fastening the work in process. Fast-tracking affects the
project in a negative way as the quality of the same gets affected because the focus of the project
manager remains attached with completing the project rather than maintaining quality. Some of
the aspects related with fast-tracking are a critical chain, reducing the scope of the project which
will lead to affect the quality of the project.
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(Miller, 2008)
OUTSOURCING: MANAGING INTER-ORGANISATIONAL RELATIONS
Outsourcing Project Work
Outsourcing is the process in which project manager merge with other companies and gain the
advantage of completing the same task in the less amount of time and in less budget.
Outsourcing helps in managing the work and saving the time of the project process. It provides a
high level of expertise and helps in maintaining flexibility (Bird, 2008).
There are certain negative aspects attached with outsourcing as it affects the coordination of the
project management team and the people being outsourced for processing the work, outsourcing
causes conflict among the people working on the project also causes internal moral issues.
Managing Inter Organisational Relation
It is necessary that all the procedures should be well defined and appropriate
Extensive training should be provided to all the team members and team building activities
should be undertaken by the project management team
There should be a well-established conflict management processes applied to all the places
Frequent review and status updates should be taken by the clients working on the project so that
progress of the project could be recorded (Finak, et. al., 2013).
Maintaining long-term relationships helps the company in managing the outsourced team and
completing the project with quality.
The Art of Negotiating Helping in Maintaining Inter Organisational Relation
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Negotiation is the best way could be applied by project manager working on the construction
project. Separating people from the problem occurring in the project will help in processing the
construction project in a smooth way.
Focusing on interest rather than the positions means, a manager working on the construction
project should focus on the interest of the people and allocate the work accordingly rather than
providing positions. This will help in managing the work with quality and process the same
within the time period decided (Furnham, & Gunter, 2015).
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PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Status Reporting
Status reporting is one of the most effective ways with the help of which monitoring technique
which could be applied by a project manager to evaluate the performance of the project
(Norman, Brotherton, and Fried, 2011). The status reporting will help in checking the time
invested by the employees on managing a project requirement. It will also help in evaluating the
progress of the project as employees will have to maintain a track record of the time invested by
them in every single activity of the project.
(Pigott, & Hobbs, 2011)
Understanding all the aspects related to the project forecasting is done with the help of which
final cost of the project is being estimated and evaluation of all the aspects related to the project
is done. Forecasting helps the project manager in evaluating all the future expenses and provides
a set path to process the project in a smooth way.
Project Checklist
Using a project checklist which will include details about every single activity of the project will
help the project manager in managing the project. Project checklist helps the project manager in
keeping a track record on the project progress (Miller, 2009). It also helps in evaluating the loop
or gap and helps in developing the strategies with the effect of which these gaps and loops could
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be filled by the project manager in an appropriate way.
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PROJECT CLOSURE
The last step attached to the project is project closure. It is the stage at which all the plans
developed in relation to the project are fulfilled and all set objectives are obtained. There are
various types of project closures which could incur in the project. These are normal, premature,
perpetual, failed project and changed priority (Sikwane, 2016). It is necessary that the project
manager should work towards to complete the project normally as it will help in building
goodwill in the market.
 Wrap up closure deliverables which include facilities, customers, vendor, and report.
 Performance evaluation which includes team evaluation and individual evaluations
 Retrospectives which include facilitators, managing, utilization, team
(Wasson, 2015)
Above are the key project closure deliverables which are important for the project manager to be
worked upon as it will help in providing the assurance of perfect project closure.
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CONCLUSION
Understanding all the aspects related to the project and evaluating them will provide a set
direction to the project manager and will provide a set path for the growth. Planning a proper
project plan and making proper evaluations related with the same will help in managing the work
and will help in completing the project with quality and within the deadlines.
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