Project Management Essentials for Smart City Project

This article discusses the essential skills of project managers required for the completion of smart city projects, identifying stakeholders, the project triangle, managing finances, and more. It also covers the importance of leadership, research and development, planning, problem-solving, collaboration, and monitoring and controlling skills. The article also highlights the role of government funding, private investors, and business partners in financing smart city projects.

Project Management
Essentials

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
Important skills of project managers for the completion of smart city project ..........................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Identifying stakeholders which are important for project success..............................................5
Task 3: The project Triangle............................................................................................................7
Task 4: Managing finances..............................................................................................................8
Task 5: Risk management within the project ................................................................................10
TASK 6..........................................................................................................................................13
List of six problems that arise in the development of smart city project . Brief discussion
about the steps taken by manager in regard to solve these problems and preparation of
negotiation strategies to deal with these problems....................................................................13
TASK 7..........................................................................................................................................16
Discuss on all those factors which is used by the manager for build the effective and
successful team for the smart project and also action adopt by management for formulation of
diverse team..............................................................................................................................16
Slower decision making............................................................................................................17
.......................................................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Project management related to those management which includes conducting of all
activities related to particular project in an effective manner. This management is c;closely
related to introduction of different business operations which requires specialised skills,
knowledge, and information (Lock, 2017). The reason behind the effective project management
is to provide customers a different products with their competitors. it includes planning,
analysing and controlling different activities related to staffing of particular project. Project
management includes different stages in their operations such as strategy related to finance,
effective communication, calculation of risk involve in project and ensures effective allocation of
resources for the project. (Bjorvatn and Wald, 2018). It enables the careful setting of
organisational goals for the team members. The efficiency and effectiveness of project is highly
depend on the coordination present in team members.
MAIN BODY
Task 1
Important skills of project managers for the completion of smart city project
The presence of manager is very important fot the completion of any particular project
effectively and efficiently. All the process relating to planning of work, execution of plans in
projects, monitoring and controlling of performance of employees are done by project managers
(Kivilä, Martinsuo and Vuorinen, 2017). Failure or success of project depends on the way project
manager is working towards the project. In the present scenario there is requirement of a system
that can pull together all the information that is required as part of separate councils. There
requirement to develop a computer system that can enable a city wide management of various
public assets. For this purpose there is need to derive the demand for digital skilled workforce
that can help in positioning of Hull's economy. For this purpose there are certain specific skills
that are required on part of leader and have to be passed and shared with the other teammates.
While working on the project there are some of the roles and responsibilities that are to be
performed by the project manager (Nijhuis, Vrijhoef and Kessels, 2018). It has to be completed
in the smart city project that is affecting the process of launching various plans to make the city
smart. Some of such roles that are to be performed by the project manager as mentioned below:

Initiation phase: There is focus on development of project charter and identification of
relevant stakeholders who will posses impact on the project. It is playing a vital role in the
overall planning of the project.
Planning phase: There is development of effective planing project management plan and
then understanding of the project (Meredith, Shafer and Mantel Jr, 2017). In this phase there is
collection of information about the various project requirements. There is planning of the time
period that is required to complete the project. It includes aspects such as planning of activities,
defining, scheduling of activities as per required time period. Planning and estimation of cost is
very important for having suitable formulation of project and scheduling of various activities as
per required time period.
Planning and identification of quality requirements have to be met after the project is
completed. There is also need to analyses the risk factors that are part of project further measures
are to be taken to minimize the negative impact of risks.
Executing phase: It is the phase in which there is focus on project so that all the aspect
of project have to be executed properly (Kerzner, 2017). There is need to assign the activities to
all the team members so that activities are communicated properly and tasks are to be completed
as per specified time deadlines.
There are some of the skill sets that are required to be performed by project manager for the
purpose of completion of project. Some of such skill sets are mentioned below:
Leadership skills: These skill sets are very helpful for leaders in helping them to achieve
their desired goals and objectives. Working as a project manager managers have to ensure that
project has to be completed in the desired timeline. For this leadership skills can help in the
process of managing activities and tasks more effectively.
Research and development skill: In the smart city OS project, the project manager has to
work towards accuracy and precised knowledge of planning. Effective planning can only be done
when managers have analyses the risks and business environment that are part of the project.
Planning skill: Each project manager is required to perform some of the activities and
tasks that have to be completed in the desired timeline. For achievement of suitable results the

project manager has to plan the whole project by considering all the constraints that can be faced
in the project.
Problem solving skill: Project manager must posses the problem solving skills because
during the project there can be several problems which may arise such as it is related with having
logic and actively anticipating the future problems so that its negative impact can be mitigated.
In the present project the project manager has to work towards dealing with various problems
with specific skill sets such as it includes creative thinking skills, flexibility in project, analytical
skills and influencing skills to other team members (Levy, 2018).
Collaboration skill: In the project, the project manager has to focus on assignment of
tasks to its team members as per their expertise and skill sets. In order to work on having proper
infrastructure that right amount of area wise connectivity and for delivering of smart city services
it becomes necessary to have proper real time data, sharing of work and proper division of roles
and responsibilities that leads to need of collaborative working practices.
Monitoring and controlling skill: This skill is very helpful for the project manager to
track and monitor the overall progress of the project (Fewings and Henjewele, 2019). These
skills are very helpful for managers in forecasting the future scenario and taking appropriate
steps to complete the project as per specified deadline.
TASK 2
Identifying stakeholders which are important for project success
In the present smart city OS project there are different stakeholders that are involved in the
project and stakeholder related to participation in the project. Stakeholders can help organization
operating the business environment and ensuring proper support in order to boost the overall
profitability and productivity. Stakeholders are related to a project they are also focusing on
various aspects that may lead to success or failure of the project. There are some of the
stakeholders who are part of smart city OS who are mentioned below:
Technology providers-in the present smart city OS project technology providers are the major
stakeholders because it is a smart city project that is mainly related with improving the
technological infrastructure of the city. The initial step is related to creating a area wide

connectivity to deliver smart city services. Second is the installation of censors across city for
collection of real time data (Hwang, Zhu and Tan, 2017). The main aim of the programmer is
to ensure that Hull may become a programmable city and there is presence of service driven
technologies to improve the process of service delivery. For this digital infrastructure there is
need to to have suitable relations with the technology prpvireds to achieve the main aim of the
smart city project.
Project workers – Project workers are also the stakeholders who are part of smart city OS
Project who are working towards completion of the project by each achieving a specific assigned
function,. Employees are vital for any organization for its smooth running of operations and
functions.
The Council- council member's are the ones who are third party stakeholders that are the
required authorities of the project. Council are very important and posses upper hand in making
hull a smart city. Council are regarded as the stakeholders who are willing to make the plan and
ensuring that city can be make effective place (Larsson, Eriksson and Pesämaa, 2018). Council
are the stakeholders who are considered very important as the success of whole project depends
on the involvement of council in the project. Hull city council worked towards dealing with the
pilot phase so that they are able to have considerable economic benefits from the project.
Public: the main aim of the project is not to make smart city just because it is important to move
along with the updated technology. But the main objective is to be sure that is is benefiting the
society and the people. The society and the general public will be kept updated about the success
being achieved at each project stage to understand its benefit fot the people. Such as there will be
movement from outdated sioled service driven technologies to creation of a central platform that
will bring all the system in the OS. It will led towards a programmable city in order to have
service drive technologies.
From the above made analysis it can be said that there is requirement to have constant
engagement with all the stakeholders so that there is no duplication of efforts. This will also help
all the stakeholders in having appropriate knowledge with respect to the progress made at each
stage of the project. The hull city council is working towards one council approach in which they
are willing to manage various stakeholders to ensure that there is proper series of services,.
Constant engagement with the stakeholders across the service sector is very important to have
proper alignment with the laid project objectives.

Task 3: The project Triangle
The project management triangle is defined as the paradigm that is used by project managers
for controlling and managing different project activities and tasks. This is also termed as iron
triangle and it is used by organisations when they have to deal with lots of complexities. There is
need to have proper management of all business tasks and operations of external business
environment for completing organisational tasks effectively (Carstens and Richardson, 2019).
The project manager is responsible for ensuring that all project activities and tasks are done in
proper manner. In context of smarty city, the project triangle is considered for monitoring project
activities. The functional aspect of this model in context of smart city is mentioned below –
 Scope: This is known as one of the component of this model which provides information
about scope of project. This includes providing information about quality of standards
that are used in project. It is helpful for managing the plans associated with attainment of
project targets and objectives.
 Time: In this factor of the triangle, time is measured. This includes estimating time
required for completing project activities. There is need to manage the completion of
project work within specified time frame. This provides help in planning all project
activities properly.

Cost: This is known as element of triangle model which provides information that monetary
resources are essential. There is need for managing money that is needed for completing
the project activities and tasks. There is need for managing projects in efficient manner for
completing the task appropriately. The efficiency of organisation can increase when there
is proper usage of money (Mavi and Standing, 2018). Cost needs to be perfect as it will
provide to cover all aspects.
From the above parameters, it can be stated that project management triangle is used within
this project for developing effective usage of opportunity. It is concluded that in development of
smart city OS project, there is need to manage the efficiency of each and every task and activity.
Main component is scope in this triangle model and the scope for present project is that it has
wide scope as it will provide betterment to society. People will be able to have more easy and
convenient lifestyle and they can use internet anywhere they want (Havranek, 2017) . The
second element which is time means that Smart city OS project can be completed in particular
time period so that there is no delay in completing the project activities. Time plays an vital role
in Scope and cost segment of the project management triangle. Many factors dependency is more
on time. The last factor of this triangle is cost which interrelates with the other two factors. The
discussed factors helps the company to promotion attractive and effective.
Task 4: Managing finances
Under this discussion there is explanation regarding the aspects of making Hull city a smart
city. In this programme we have to put light on various issues related to funds and labour
(Kerzner, 2018). Smart city project requires best utilisation of resource, uses of modern
technology, generate employment. Smart city project should include better metro facilities, parks
and ground for people, better sanitisation facilities, flyovers, tunnels, adequate water facilities,
best tourist spot, proper traffic facilities, proper public transport system, digital well-being
sustainable environment, good health and education facilities, affordable housing specially for
poor.
• FUNDS BY GOVERMENT – Under this aspect the funds required for the smart city
project came from the government sources. Government acquires these funds by a way of
reserves maintains in past, issue government securities, borrowings. Government decides how
much funds should be releases. This can be done after analysing the project financial reports

prepared by different government agencies. It plays a major role in the financial needs of the
projects.
• GROUND LEVEL FUNDING – Private investors and public mediums are included in this
section. It is regarded the fastest financial medium to acquire funds. This medium is very
useful in case of emergency (Heldman, 2018). This method is not suitable for huge
amount as private financiers are not so much able to give a big amount as a loan.
• BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP- Under this concept of financial aspect the funds obtained
from the business partner for the certain project. The partner is from local or international which
enables the regional development. Firms can be work jointly a specified project which enables
the maximisation in capital also use of both experiences. The firms can be joined by a way of
merge, joint ventures, collaborations.
• BONDS – under this medium of financial aspects the funds acquire by a way of issuing
bonds in the securities market. Bonds is generally a coupon and is of many types such as zero
rated coupon bond. This bonds are issued for certain period of time with prefixed interest rates.
But sometimes this method of fund raising becomes expensive as their high interest rates which
gives the project a huge loss.
• USER FEES AND EXPECT TO BE PAID – Under this aspects of funding the user
enjoys the various services and paid in certain period of time (Davies, 2017). For
example, Wi-Fi services user enjoys the services in post-paid plans and they have to pay
the bill in certain period of time. It is easy way to obtain finds because user binds
themselves by using services and now they have to pay to protect from legal compliances.
• INFRASTRUCTURE- This includes the physical proceeding for the construction of
smart city project. It is required to find out the areas in which the work is to be done. Also
analyses what work to be doing to make smart city like metro services, Wi-Fi services, proper
division of resources.
• TECHNOLOGY – Technology is one of the most important aspects for the smart city
project. It is not possible to make the city smart without the use of modern technology
(Nicholas and Steyn, 2020). Technology enables the work faster and attractive. It is
important to use the updated technology for the project. Automatic metro trains digital,
payment system, elevators in stations includes in modern technology.

Task 5: Risk management within the project
RISK RISK LEVEL
(Low, Medium and
High)
LIKELIHOOD OF
EVENTS
MITIGATION
STRATEGY
Environmental
Risk- This is defined
as the reason that can
become hurdle in
attaining
organisational goal
or target. There is
need for
encompassing all
risks and attain goals
perfectly.
LOW It can be accomplished
within time
The City Council can
create and supervise
different conditions
related to suitable
variations. There is
need for improvising
the condition of Smart
city project.
Operational Risk-
This is related to
time that is involved
in presenting various
type of functional
activities and tasks.
The project
managers have to
take most
appropriate actions
for avoiding risk.
MEDIUM Likely to accomplish There us need for
managing tactics and
monitoring them in
order to complete
project activities. Also,
there is need for
recognising, justifying,
and monitoring risk
management activities.
Financial Risk-
financial risk refers
HIGH Can take place There are chances that
council can be

to negative effects
which arises from the
disadvantages of
business.
shortened on currency.
There is outlook for
various financial risk
and management.
There is need for
ensuring various
activities associated
with project
management. There is
need to have enough
funds which help in
avoiding danger or
risks.
Strategic Risk-
Strategic risk means
the operations related
to be at risk which
impacts upon action
and execution of
project activities.
MEDIUM LIKELY TO
ACCOMPLISHABLE
The task executive has
the responsibility to
manage the work
properly and attain
goals. Decisions are
made efficiently in
order to manage the
motivation associated
with well-being of
project.
Reputation Risk-
Respective risk
refers to as a
unseeable potential
risk for city's
effective name that
might apparent in a
LOW Likely happen The municipal council
lead to make sure that
the city's image might
not endure any more
alterations. The city's
crime rate might be
minimised and the

variety of fields. system of education
should be improved
Compliance Risk-
compliance risk
related to penalties
apply by government
due to non-
compliance of laws
MEDIUM LIKELY TO
ACCOMPLISHABLE
The goals of the
organisation should be
prepared as per
guidelines provided by
city government
Social Risk-
social risk related to
those risk which
effects the social
culture. The effect
such as violation of
human rights, illegal
activities.
MEDIUM ACCOMPLISHABL
E
Local government
should provide people
well and systamatic
knowledge educate
them to enhancements
and benefits that the
smart city will
convey.financial risk
refers to negative
effects which arises
from the disadvantages
of business.
Human resource
Risk- When
candidates will not
make an effort to
achieve their projects
on the time, they put
themselves at danger.
MEDIUM LIKELY TO
POSSIBLE
The council is creating
a new market for the
technologically
employed workforce
while simultaneously
developing in their
talents (Awadh, 2017).
Lack of Resources- LOW IT MAY HAPPEN The Council might
make sure that the
essential funds that are

available in respect to
create the greatest
utilisation of it. As
there might be efficient
resources that use in it.
TASK 6
List of six problems that arise in the development of smart city project . Brief discussion about
the steps taken by manager in regard to solve these problems and preparation of
negotiation strategies to deal with these problems.
Smart City programmes are developed because they will provide a better manner for
society to manage lifestyle. This will provide ability for people to live a more effective life and
manage success within life. This project is basically made of the aspect which is related to
combination of internet and all devices to be connected to it (Mabeba, 2018). This is
combination of technical facilities with all other work. This means that all work of people is
done properly and they feel a good manner of conducting the operation by taking help form
internet. In context of waste management and small grids, it was seen that internet connected
devices were used. The smart city faced several challenges while engaging new programmes of
the city and connecting them with internet. There are problems for Hull to manage the
completion of city. There is need to focus upon conflict management which is known as a critical
process. It occurs at time when Hull city development project was implemented. People have
different opinions and way of working. It is concluded that there is need to have minimum
conflicts at the time of implementing project activities. The discussion of some problems arises
at the time of smart city project is given below.
Problems Mitigation/Negotiation practice
Mission of project Conflicts can arise between executives project
and organisation's management. The company
which is working in Hull city management can
have difficulty in communicating the project

tasks properly with executives. This will create
problem in managing to work efficiently. For
minimising the conflicts and disputes among
these, there is need to manage the working of
project manager. A collaborative approach is
used for making upper level management to
make understand the needs of lower level
management and make them to work in a
collaborative manner. There is need to attain
organisational goals and objectives in specified
time and for this zero conflicts are very
essential.
Indirect communication channel There is need to have effective communication
skills in order to manage the project work
efficiently. Communication skills helps an
individual to focus upon the way in which
project is explained properly (Lipke, 2020).
There is need to develop an effective
communication channel which can be used
among project managers. This will help in
generating complexity within business
activities and reach goal in time. It provides
help to manage the functioning in appropriate
manner. Direct communication helps to focus
upon management functioning and helps to
attain goals in less time. Transparency and
communication channel are used for
minimising conflicts and fights.
Leadership related conflict. Leadership is involved in generating different
problem solving factors which help in avoiding

conflicts and fights. There is need for
completing smart city project efficiently and
this can be done by producing project
activities. There are some disagreements which
rise between project managers when they work
for development of smart city. The reason
behind this is leaders are not convincing lower
level managers to work properly. Leadership
qualities are important for managing conflicts
and fights. These are helpful for attaining goals
in specified time frame.
Differences in Personalities There are different individuals who are
working within a project. They all have
different personalities. There is need to cope up
with different challenges and attain the project
activities success. This can be done by
believing, following and encountering the work
activities. In context of smart city OS, it is
concluded that project manager is able to
formulate positive work culture. This
minimises the number of conflicts and fights.
Change in the infrastructure Within smart city, there is utilisation of sensor
technology. This provides help in analysing
and gathering information related to life of
residents. In Hull city project, there is total
change in infrastructure. This requires an
investment of £55,000. It is needed for
managing project activities and tasks. The
project will help to reduce traffic congestion. It
will help in identifying different sections

associated with utilisation of technology and
enhancing information technology systems.
There is a major concern that needs to be
understood while implementing new
infrastructure related to technological elements.
This requires lot of investment.
Develop of community Smart city journey is very adventurous for
people. It will provide good experience for
individuals and it helps to engage technology
factors with daily activities. there is need to
complete project activities in specified time.
The smart city is developed for developed for
increasing economic condition and engaging
into technical advancement. Smart city requires
smart citizens who understand the new city-
wide project so another conflict that raise in the
journey of Hull city project is done quality life
citizens (Richardson and Jackson, 2018).
There is need of developing community
TASK 7
Discuss on all those factors which is used by the manager for build the effective and
successful team for the smart project and also action adopt by management for
formulation of diverse team
Teams are playing very important part to perform the work along with engagement of
competent and skilled individual. Varied team have to be formulated to ensure that there is
proper engagement of individuals who are part of different culture so that they are able to adopt
the required values and experiences. The project manager of smart city is working towards
formulation of teams with specific p Innovation is based on different ideas, opinions and
perspectives which obtained from different team-members. But sometimes, this create
challenges for the management because it slows the overall process or procedures(Kliem and

Ludin, 2019). Conflicts arises between team members can retarded the pace of project
completion. Hulk city project also facing the problem of conflicts between different team
members which effects the pace of project but the management of hulk city project develops
committee which takes decisions related to conflicts arises in the project.rocess so that there is
project system aligned with the project aims. The theoretical development process of smart city
is related with a project system for completion of OS project (Mizuno and Bodek, , 2020). The
brief dicussion about the creation of team is given below.
 Formation: Formation is the main and important function of the superior. It involves
creation of team which perform all the activities related to project performed. Formation
is initial and one of the important step to recruit the personnel for fulfilling the
requirements of job. It is required for making individuals familiar with the overall project
systems.
 Storming- Storming is the second stage of team development. It is regarded the most
dangerous stage in team creation. All the opinions of team members are arises in this
stage and major conflicts are also arise. It is the duty of project manager to solve these
conflicts.
 Norming- Norming is the third step of team development. It includes planning and
executing and controlling the activities to complete the project. Different task are
involved in managing, completion of work and analysing activities that can lead to
completion of project.
 Performing- Performing is the second last stage of team development. Under this
stage project manager analyses the project if it is according to assigned. This stage
carry performance of work effectively to achieve the goals of organisation.
 Adjourning- The final stage of team development is adjourning. In this stage of team
development, all the team members are separated because the work of the project is
completed.
Challenges faced by management while performing work in the diverse teams
The completion of work in team is very difficult and professional aspect of project. The
discussion about the problems faced in the smart city project as given below.

Slower decision making
Innovation is based on different ideas, opinions and perspectives which obtained from
different team-members. But sometimes, this create challenges for the management because it
slows the overall process or procedures(Kliem and Ludin, 2019). Conflicts arises between team
members can retarded the pace of project completion. Hulk city project also facing the problem
of conflicts between different team members which effects the pace of project but the
management of hulk city project develops committee which takes decisions related to conflicts
arises in the project.
CONCLUSION
From the above made analysis it is concluded that smart city project si related with working on
various project management techniques that can contribute towards understand the various
aspects of the projects. The project fundamental is related with use of project manage techniques
that are required for creation of food value with proper project resources that are to be invested
towards completion of project. The project manager will help in ensuring proper quality
management so that project is able to meet up the laid standards. There can be various conflicts
and issues that may arise in the project and has to be dealt by application of effective project
management techniques. These issues were resolved by using of conflict resolution techniques.
The project manager has been working towards analyzing the each task in small manageable
activity to maximize its overall effectiveness so that overall objectives are achieved in right time
frame. The breaking down of project task in small activities will lead to ensuring higher
effectiveness in all the project activities.

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