Project Management Tool for ACME New Facility Project

The assignment content discusses the importance of project management tools in ensuring the successful execution of a project. The specific case study is about implementing a new facility for ACME Products Ltd, and it highlights the need to consider both the project management process and the project life cycle. It also emphasizes the use of Gantt charts and network diagrams in evaluating the critical path and conducting risk analysis.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
FOR BUSINESS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.....................................................................................................5
Task 1: Understanding Project Management Principles...................................5
(a) 1.1 Describe the main principles of project management process and
linked to the project life cycle.......................................................................5
(b) 1.2 Suitable success and failure criteria for the new project..................8
(c) 1.3 Principles behind project management systems and procedures. . .10
(d) 1. 4 Key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-
project appraisals.......................................................................................11
Task 2 Be Able to Manage A Project’s Human Resource................................13
(a) 2.1 Organizational structures, roles and responsibilities of participants
within a project...........................................................................................13
(c) 2.3 Assessment of skills and qualities in project leader of ACME project
...................................................................................................................16
(d) 2.4 Planning and specifications of human resources and requirements
for the ACME new facility project................................................................17
(e) 2.2 Work breakdown structure of ACME Project....................................18
Task 3 Be Able to Apply Project Processes and Procedures...........................18
(a) 3.2 Final duration of the project............................................................18
(b) 3.1/3.2 Delays in the activities..............................................................19
(c) 3.1 Use of Gantt chart and Resource histogram in order to improve the
management of ACME project....................................................................19
(c) 3.2 Crash some activities in project to complete it more quickly .........21
(d) 3.2 Analysis of cost and time performance for ACME project................21
(e) 3.4 Methods of managing changes that are likely to be required during
the life of ACME project..............................................................................22

(f) 3.1 Ways to close the project.................................................................23
(g) 3.3/3.4 Evaluation of complete project.................................................23
Conclusion.....................................................................................................24
References.....................................................................................................25

LIST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION
In general, project management can be defined as the process of
planning and managing the modifications within the organisation or a
specific project. Project management is an important skill for all managers,
so the aim of this assignment is to allow readers and learners to show a
basic knowledge of project management principles, methodologies, tools,
and techniques as they may be used in any business. Further, with the help
of this report, investigator will have the opportunity to analyse and plan the
activities needed to carry out the project, including how to set up, how to
control and execute the project, and to how to carry out their reviews (Cheng
and Teizer, 2013). Thereafter, by undertaking ACME Products Plc.
investigator will also have the opportunity to explore the process of building
a project team, so that desired project can be conducted in an appropriate
way. Herein, the business for which researchers will manage the project
(ACME Products PLC) wants to build a new facility for the manufacture of
plastic tableware suitable for outdoor dining and picnics. The range will
include plates and bowls of various sizes, cups, saucers and glasses. A
building, production machinery, supply of raw material, manufacturing and
delivery of the finished products are included in the overall project
requirements.
TASK 1: UNDERSTANDING PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES
(a) 1.1 Describe the main principles of project management process and
linked to the project life cycle
According to given scenario, implementing of new facility for ACME
Products Ltd, it is essential for the manager to consider project management
process as well as the project life cycle so as to ensure reliable execution.
Further, there are several principles of process and life cycle of project
consist are as follows:
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 Project Structure: While developing the outline or basic structure of
the proposed project of ACME Products Ltd, manager has to consider
three main aspects, which are: goals of the project, timeline and
milestones. Therefore, during this phase, goals and deliverables of
the project are defined and on the basis of which different activities
are defined with the proper cost and outcomes (Reiss, 2013). Definition phase: Under this principle, various inputs are presented
by the stakeholders of the cited firm. By the means of this, project
manager can understand the expectations of stakeholders and carry
out entire project accordingly. Clear goals: According to this principle, it is essential for the project
manager to define the goals and deliverable of the project. Further,
he/she should propose SMART objectives so that the team members
can be guided and directed in an appropriate manner. Transparency about the project status: This is another major principle
of project management process because these manager has to
prepare short status report at every stage of the project and present
it to the associates so that they can analyse and evaluate the actual
position of the cited project and if require potential measures can be
employed for the future contingency (Schwalbe, 2013). Risk Recognition: There are various risks and uncertainties associated
with different projects. However, it is the duty of the project manage
to make sure that all the risk assessment that were made at each
stage so that uncertainties can be identified at early stage and
measures can be employed. Managing project disturbance: At the time of project execution there
are several issues and obstacles that creates disturbance. Therefore,
project manager and team needs to identify the disturbance and
accordingly modify the approaches to generate the best possible
results (Gregory, 2003).
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 Responsibility of project manager: There are several responsibilities
and authorities that project manager has to carry out. According to
the current proposed project of ACME Products Ltd, project manager
has the role of managing alterations, integrating different project
management systems, reporting the actual status to the associates
and delivering the project on time and within cost. Project Success/Failure: In order to define the success and failure of
the project, manager has to set certain benchmark or criteria, on the
basis of which deliverables can be compared and decision can be
made (Mallick and Prakash, 2006). Commitment: It is another important principle because, project
manager and team should ensure that all the commitments towards
the project and its stakeholders need to be fulfilled in effective way.
Further, members should show adequate amount of dedication
towards the work so as to achieve the desired deliverables of the
project with quality, in time and within overall cost etc. Tetrad-Trade off: The main purpose of this principle is that it assist in
ensuring the quality, cost, scope and time defined by the project
manager are achievable and realistic in nature. By the means of this,
project manager can easily attain the goals and objectives of the plan
and meet the desired success level. Primary communication channels: Under this principle, there should
be proper communication between manager and client so that the
transparency can be maintained at each level of the project. Cultural environment: The selection of management team is based on
the nature of the project. However, with the help of suitable and
reliable team management and strategies, project manager can
achieve the deliverables of the project. Process: Withthis principle, manager of the project should outline the
process or procedure of the implementation plan (Wright and
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Adviser-Gottwald, 2013). As well as, they should define the role and
responsibilities of each team member so that they can carry out work
in more appropriate way.
 Life cycle: This principle assist in showing all the steps that are
indulged to successfully carry out the entire course of project.
Further, life cycle helps in providing clear image from the initiation to
project closure.
(b) 1.2 Suitable success and failure criteria for the new project
According to the given case, proposed project is related to the
implementation of ACME new facility. Therefore, it is important for the
manager to define success and failure criteria so that suitability and
reliability of project can be measured. Further, through the means of this the
project manager can determine whether new facility should be developed as
per the requirement of ACME clients. Following are the success and failure
criteria for the present proposed project: User involvement: It is important for the project manager to indulge
clients and stakeholders of the ACME new facility project in decision
making process, in order to ensure effective implementation of the
entire project. However, lack of user involvement will create obstacle
for project manager in understanding and determining the needs of
project and may lead to failure of the project (Killen and et.al, 2012).
While on the other hand, if project manager take the suggestions from
the clients at every stage, it will help in developing the new facility
and achieving the success for the clients. Resource management: Project manager has the duty to make the
optimum utilisation of available resources so that the deliverables can
made on time. While lack of skills in allocating the resources will affect
the course of project as well as create hindrance in achieving the
success criteria’s.
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 Defining statements of requirements: Top level management of ACME
Products Ltd has to define clear goals and expectations from the
project so that the manager can develop strategies accordingly.
However, if management is unable to define its own objective
regarding the new facility then it may possess different issues for the
manager to develop the ACME as per the requirements.
There are various other aspects that can affect the success of any
project such as time, schedule, budget and planning etc. However, it is
important for the manager to given great importance to all these factors and
accordingly carry out the entire proposed new facility project of ACME so that
it provides successful results. Scope: It can be defined as the combination of fundamental elements
and characteristics which are achieved after the completion of entire
project in the form of deliverables. Resources: Project manager should propose the budget for entire
project and accordingly allocate the costs to each activity. This is one
of the major factor considered in the success/failure of any project
(Oke and Charles-Owaba, 2006).
 Schedules: In this, manager is able to determine the actual time
required to complete the project. In the present given case, the main
aim of project manager is to accomplish the ACME new facility project
on time so that it can be considered as the successful project else
vice-verse.
Project success factors Project failure factors
Better leadership Lack of proper guidance or direction
Commitments of the team members Unskilled employees or members
Understanding the vision and mission
of project
Unclear goals and objectives
Appropriate allocation of available Lack of resources
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resources
Motivated team Conflicts within the team members
Transparency with clients lack of communication
(c) 1.3 Principles behind project management systems and procedures
According to the present given scenario of ACME new facility project,
there are three core objectives of the manager which consist of cost, time
and quality. However, in order to achieve all these defined objectives, project
management process and system plays significant role for the manager. Time and Costs: In order to allocate time and costs effectively,
manager of the ACME new facility project has used resource levelling
and activity based costing method. The main purpose behind using
these approaches is that it helps the manager in allocating adequate
amount of resources and funds to each activity and mitigate the
duplication and wastage of money and materials (Cavaleri, Firestone
and Reed, 2012).
 Quality: TQM approach has been used for maintaining and enhancing
the quality standards for the ACME new facility project. Through the
means of this, manager can easily ensure higher quality in the
deliverables to the client which satisfy each and every expectations
appropriately.
There are various principles of project management system that is important
for the manager to indulge are as follows:
 Proper coordination between the defined activities of the project.
 Provide clear visibility of the work.
 Effective communication within project manager, members and
stakeholders will ensure better execution of whole project (Davenport,
2013).
Following is the process of project management system that is used by the
manager in ACME new facility project:
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 Propose a suitable plan for the project and accordingly define the
activities and scheduling with the help of software.
 Manager should allocate the sub tasks and deadlines to each activity.
 Proper short report regarding crucial information about ACME project
and share with its user or stakeholder.
 Proper scheduling of meeting, activities and dates etc. related to the
ACME project will assist in developing transparency between the
project and its associates.
 Lastly, monitoring of all the stages should be conducted so that the
bugs and errors in the project can be identified and accordingly
potential measures can be employed (Leach, 2014).
(d) 1. 4 Key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-
project appraisals
There are several key elements involved in the terminations of the
project which should be understood by the manager so that at the time of
project closure it can be executed in a well manner. In general, project
termination refers to a hard and complex decision that are been made by the
team. However, it is the duty of project manager to define the project closer.
According to the given scenario, ACME new facility project consist of various
key elements such as completion of all the legal requirements, closing the
agreement with associated suppliers and contractors, making the payment
of due amount, auditing, transferring the responsibilities and authorities,
sharing of information of the project etc. Further, there are several situations
due to which project manager can terminate the ACME project for the reason
being such as technical issues, incurring of high costs of execution as
compared to budgeted amount, failure of primary strategies, unexpected
loss of human capital, execution of activities which are not based on the plan
or defined objectives.
Post Project Appraisals:
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In general, post project appraisal refers to the evaluation of entire plan
which assist in determining the extent where the mission has achieved the
defined set of objectives. In order to carry out post project appraisal of ACME
new facility project, it is important for the manager to undertake following
steps: Variance analysis: Through the means of this analysis the manager can
easily compare the generated outcomes with the expected results
(Meredith and Mantel, 2011). Benefit analysis: Under this analysis, manager can determine all the
benefits that ACME will be achieving after implementing the new
facility. For instance, initial investment of the project will be high but it
will assist in enhancing the production process of the company. Risk assessment: Through the means of this, project manager will be
able to evaluate and analyse all the risks associated with the ACME
project as well as helps in indulging potential measures for mitigating
the risks and uncertainties.
Post project appraisal procedure:
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TASK 2 BE ABLE TO MANAGE A PROJECT’S HUMAN
RESOURCE
(a) 2.1 Organizational structures, roles and responsibilities of participants
within a project
Organisational structure of the ACME new facility project:
The organisational structure of the cited firm can be defined in a
matrix format through the means of which, management has to follow more
than two types of structure. But the main purpose behind using such type of
organisational structure is that it assist in making optimum utilisation of the
available resources as well as maintaining an appropriate coordination
between each departments, proper flow of communication, information and
enhancing the level of motivation within various departments (Turner and
Müller, 2005).
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Figure 1: Organisational Structure
Following are the major human resources for the ACME new facility
project and their roles and responsibilities:
Participants for
ACME project
Roles and responsibilities in the form of job description
ACME Project specific
Project manager - Should be capable in planning and executing activities of
the new facility project.
- Making optimum utilisation of the available resources
- Maintaining and enhancing the quality of project
deliverables.
- Able to manage risks and uncertainties.
- Should maintain the cost, time and quality factor of the
cited project
- Monitoring and controlling the activities of ACME new
facility project
Architecture - To develop smart and effective design of the building with
proper details.
- Should pay attention to issues related to environment and
sustainability.
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- Should indulge energy saving technology in the
specifications of the ACME project (Whitty, 2010).
Quality analyst - Responsibility of providing review on the developed design
of the project.
- Should find problems and issues within the ACME new
facility project.
Mechanical
engineer
- Should employee cost effective equipment’s for the
execution of construction project.
- Controlling and monitoring of plant equipment’s and
systems.
- Planning new and effective production procedure.
Project team
members
- Working in coordination to achieve defined aim and
objectives of ACME new facility project.
- Ensuring high quality of deliverables (Zu, 2009).
Project sponsor - Approve the budget prepared by the project manager.
- Support financially to carry out the activities of ACME new
facility project.
- Undertake major actions and decisions regarding the
construction project.
Project board - Approving the plan and strategies of the ACME project.
- Developing team of skilled employees.
- Prioritizing the tasks and operations and provide adequate
amount of information to the member regarding each
activity.
Steering
committee
- Providing suitable and reliable guidance on the technical
aspects of the project.
- Monitoring the progress and success of the deliverables.
System - Maintaining database
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administrator - Providing internal and external support to the project
manager (Wysocki, 2011).
(c) 2.3 Assessment of skills and qualities in project leader of ACME project
There are various skills and qualities that a project manager should
possess in order to carry out the entire course of project in an effective and
efficient manner. Considering the attributes of present project it is important
for the manager to have wide range of capabilities which are as follows: Time management: Project manager should understand the
importance of time and accordingly employee different period
management strategies to complete the work of ACME new facility
project in an effective manner. Problem solver: Solving conflict and different problems related to the
project is the sign of good project manager (Kshama, 2012). Herein,
problems related to legal procedures and allocation of resources
should be managed in an effective manner for the success of ACME
new facility project. Team building skills: Despite of being a manager, individual should be
the leader of the team and should possess team building skills so that
coordination between the team members can be developed and
maintained. Along with this, they can motivate them in an appropriate
way so that they can generate positive results for the cited project. Working under pressure: The project manager should have capability
of handling various pressure situations because some problems may
affect the entire course of project which should be managed and
controlled in a suitable way. Communication skills: Communicating effectively will assist in sharing
information and directing the members of the team in an appropriate
manner. Further, better interactive skills will assist in satisfying the
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needs and wants of internal as well as external stakeholders of the
project. Vision: Vision of ACME new facility project is to develop an ability which
can assist company in production, supply of raw materials,
manufacturing and delivery of finished goods and services. It is
important for the project manager to have clear vision in the mind so
that he/she can direct the team member in a better way and execute
the operations in an effective and efficient manner. Integrity: Project manager should be loyal towards his/her work so that
the benchmark can be set for the remaining team (Appelo, 2009). Empathy: It is the duty of the manager to understand the needs and
wants of his/her team member so that in order to achieve the
corporate aim and objectives team members can also attain the
personal goals.
 Competency: Project manager should possess the ability to work in a
challenging circumstances and provide suitable measures to resolve
the conflicting situations within human resource.
(d) 2.4 Planning and specifications of human resources and requirements for
the ACME new facility project
Human resource is considered to be an integral part of any project.
However, they are responsible for carrying out the entire course of ACME
new facility project. Following are the human resource specification for the
cited project: Project manager, architecture, quality manager and
mechanical engineer (Attarzade, 2008). Along with this, staff of 30 members
will help the project manager to conduct the whole ACME project in an
effective and efficient manner.
Human resource Personal characteristics Technical characteristics
Project manager Manager should possess
better communication
skills so as to share the
Should possess knowledge
about different project
management tools so that
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goals and objectives of the
cited project in an
appropriate way within the
team.
activities and scheduling of
the cited project can be
executed in an appropriate
way.
Architecture Creative thinker so that
innovation and creativity
can be employed within
the designing of building.
Should have the proper
knowledge about the
designing and construction
so that the new energy
saving techniques can be
employed in the building.
Quality analyst While implementing the
ACME new facility project,
quality manager have the
pressure of measuring the
quality thus, should have
personal trait of working
under pressure.
Should have the
knowledge about different
tools and techniques
related to the quality
assessment so that the
manager can ensure
quality at each stage of
ACME project.
Mechanical
engineer
It is important for engineer
to manage the work within
the given frame of time
(Manage changes in your
project, 2012).
Possessing the knowledge
about designing of
machines because through
this he/she would be able
to integrate the new
facility production system
effectively.
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(e) 2.2 Work breakdown structure of ACME Project
Figure 2: WBS of ACME Project
TASK 3 BE ABLE TO APPLY PROJECT PROCESSES AND
PROCEDURES
(a) 3.2 Final duration of the project
Network Diagram:
Critical Path:
1 3+4+5+7+8+9+11+12+13+14+15+16+17 = 111 weeks
On the basis above evaluation of network diagram three different
critical path has been identified. However, in context to the suitability and
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reliability of the cited project critical path for the same is 111 weeks that
project manager will require to complete the ACME New Facility Project in an
effective and efficient manner.
(b) 3.1/3.2 Delays in the activities
According to the above project management tool, activities has been
identified which are delaying the project. However, activity 10 is not coming
under the critical path so it will not make any impact on any other activity
and will not create delay in the project completion. It can be stated that the
final duration of the ACME project is = S-A-B-D-F-K-L =
8+12+10+25+3+8+0= 66 weeks. Further, the critical path of the project is
that which shows the longest path and maximum duration for accomplishing
ACME project effectively.
Illustration 1: Network diagram
It can be evaluated from the stated information that if construction of
the production machinery will take longer than planned duration by 8 weeks
than it it will not affect the total duration of the project because such activity
is not included within the critical path and its slack time is fifteen weeks.
Hence, it possess a scope of 15 weeks to delay the project. On the other
hand, if sourcing of raw materials is also affected by six weeks as compared
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to planned duration than it will influence the total duration of the project.
However, such activity is not involved within the critical path but still its
slack time is 4 weeks only. Hence, if project manager delays the activity by 6
weeks than it may delay its preceding activities that are involved within the
critical path. Thus, in such type of situation total duration of this project will
enhance by 3 weeks and become 68 weeks.
(c) 3.1 Use of Gantt chart and Resource histogram in order to improve the
management of ACME project
There are two approaches through the means of which project
manager can bring improvements within the cited project are as follows:
Gantt chart:
In general, it is series of horizontal lines which are defined as the
amount of work done during the given period of time with respect to the
extent of activities planned during that time frame (Gordon and McDonough,
2014). The main purpose of using this tool is that it is productive in nature
and assist project manager of ACME Project in forecasting the short and long
term results. With the help of the Gantt chart, manager can evaluate the
activities that has over utilized the resources and that leads to increase in
the costs of entire project. Therefore, by the means of this technique,
managers can control the entire course of Project and generate feasible
results for the stakeholders. Following is the Gantt chart of ACME New
Facility Project:
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Resource Histogram:
It can be defined as the bar chart which assist in showing the
availability of resources over the certain period of time. The main purpose of
using this project management tool is that it helps in providing visual
representation of the different resources (Schwalbe, 2013). Through the
means of this tool, the manager of ACME Project can easily allocate the
human resources to each activity in an effective and efficient manner. Along
with this, it will help in determining the usage of human resources as well as
mitigate the duplication and over allocation of human resources for
maintaining the costs of the project.
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(c) 3.2 Crash some activities in project to complete it more quickly
Through carrying out this project, it helps in accomplishing the tasks
more quickly as compared to the stated time duration.
Network diagram:
Through the means of above network diagram it can be identified that,
activity 10 is not coming under the critical path thus, it is not important to be
executed or conducted. Therefore, the activity can be avoided or crashed to
complete the project quickly. Henceforth, with the help of this, project
manager will be able to minimize the cost of human and material within
these activities and complete the project in a quick manner.
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(d) 3.2 Analysis of cost and time performance for ACME project
In order to determine the costs and time indulged within the ACME
project various tools and techniques can be employed by the project
manager which are as follows: Cost performance index: With the help of this tool, project manager will
be able to define the amount of work being accomplished on a
projected plan for every unit of cost spent. However, in regards to
ACME new facility project, CPI can be computed by the earned
value/actual costs. Further, if the computed value of CPI is greater than
1 it shows that the project is doing well in comparison to the
forecasted budget (Oke and Charles-Owaba, 2006). Therefore, by the
means of this, cost performance of project can be defined easily and
effectively.
 Time performance: In order to identify the efficiency of ACME new
facility project, manager can make comparison between actual time
duration for each activity with budgeted duration (Leach, 2014). The
variance will assist in showing that whether the project will complete in
a given time frame or not.
(e) 3.4 Methods of managing changes that are likely to be required during
the life of ACME project
According to the present given scenario and the nature of ACME
project, change control technique is considered as the suitable option,
available for the manager.
Figure 3: Project change control procedures for the existing plan
(Source: Wysocki, 2011)
On the basis of above diagram, different phase that the project
manager has to consider in order to control changes within the ACME project.
In the first phase, manager needs to identify the problem through the help of
monitoring and controlling the project work. With the help of this different
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problems can be identified and accordingly modifications can be made.
Further, panel will be developed in which management team of new facility
project and other associates will be included which will be presented the
report based on the defined problems so that authorities can make
decisions. Thereafter, reports are send to the change control board (CCB)
which evaluate the appeal by setting the change request meeting and
accordingly take decisions for approving or rejecting the modifications made
by panel of CCB (Kshama, 2012). However, the accepted new change are
further reported to the development department where the new project plan
is being made and execution take place. Lastly, the existing system of ACME
will be updated as per the new changes and implementation process is being
carried out by the managers.
(f) 3.1 Ways to close the project
Once the project is completed on the basis of the defined plan, post
project appraisal is being carried out in which different activities take place
such as auditing, payment of remaining bills, post implementation of risks
assessment, transferring of roles and responsibilities and handing the project
to its end users (Attarzade, 2008). Once the post project appraisal is
completed, top level management of ACME are provided with the overall
information of the new facility project so that they can make use of it in
executing the project and generating desired results and outcomes.
Contradicting to this, if project is completed as per the defined aim and
objectives, it is the duty of project manager to close the mission. It can be
assessed that the building and production line of new product facility will
assists in accomplishing the task effectively by the project manager as the
project is carried out efficiently. However, the project is attaining success
and thus all its planning activities such as building and production line will be
carried out effectively to complete the project. Thus, after accomplishing
different activities within the proposed project as a project manager, new
facility will be handed to ACME Company. Hence, through such way new
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production facility will be ready to be used by the firm. However, in case if
the goals and objectives of project are not attained then it may lead to close
down the project. In regard to this, project manager will hand off the project
deliverables to the firm.
(g) 3.3/3.4 Evaluation of complete project
In order to evaluate the complete new facility project, there are several
key performance indicators that the top level management of ACME can use.
KPI tools are considered as an important technique in evaluating the project
on the success/failure criteria. Herein, for the present ACME project KPI’s are:
 Budgeted costs for work schedule: By comparing the actual costs
of each activity with the budget will help in illustrating the actual
performance of the project on the basis of cost incurred. On the basis
of following computation project manager can evaluate whether the
project is successfully completed within defined cost or not.
The budget of ACME project is $50,00,000 wherein it starts from 10th
October and ends on 25th November. However, through the means of
comparing actual budget from the estimated will assist in defining the
success or failure of the project.
BCWS: 50% from $50,00,000 = $25,00,000
But in actual, till May 2010, only 30% work was complete, so for
this, BCWS is as follows:
BCWS: 30% from $50,00,000 = $1500000.
Therefore, on the basis of BCWS, it can be easy to determine
whether proposed project is failure or success.
 Budgeted costs for work performed: Through the means of this,
manager can determine the performance gap which helps in defining
the success and failure of the cited project (Mallick and Prakash, 2006).
Further, by indulging calculation of real costs of the project,
performance of ACME new facility project can be easily measured.
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CONCLUSION
In summing up the above report it can be said that, project
management tool plays an important role in carrying out the activities of the
project. According to the given scenario, implementing of new facility for
ACME Products Ltd, it is essential for the manager to consider project
management process as well as the project life cycle so as to ensure reliable
execution. Further, with the help of Gantt chart and network diagram, critical
path for the cited project have been evaluated and accordingly it is
recommended to the manager to conduct the entire course of the ACME
project.
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REFERENCES
Journals and Books
Cavaleri, S., Firestone, J. and Reed, F., 2012.Managing project problem‐
solving patterns.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
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