Fundamentals of Project Management: NGL Plant Construction Case Study
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This article covers the fundamentals of project management through a case study on the construction of a natural gas liquid plant in South America. It includes topics such as risk assessments, project objectives, Gantt charts, resource histograms, and more.
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FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENT
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S Part a...........................................................................................................................................1 Introduction................................................................................................................................1 SECTION A: SALVAJE (WILD) BAY CASE STUDY 426...................................................2 Project Objectives......................................................................................................................3 Discuss the importance of iron triangle parameters in developing objectives of the project.3 Risk Assessments.......................................................................................................................3 Create risks register by identifying 10 risks that IEOG are facing in this project..................3 Project Plan (Gantt chart)...........................................................................................................7 Prepare Gantt chart for the project.........................................................................................7 Resource Histogram.................................................................................................................13 Develop weekly resource histogram....................................................................................13 Human resources Budget.........................................................................................................13 Prepare Human resource budget for the whole team............................................................13 Gross Profit..............................................................................................................................14 Estimate gross profit for the project.....................................................................................14 Rescheduled Project Plan.........................................................................................................14 Prepare reschedule plan for all the incomplete work...........................................................14 Earned Value analysis..............................................................................................................16 Prepare Earned value table analysis.....................................................................................16 Acceleration options.................................................................................................................18 Explain reasoning for all the options....................................................................................18 PART B REFLECTIVE ESSAY.............................................................................................19 Prepare a reflective essay that considers all the challenges and problems encountered in this project...................................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................21
PART A INTRODUCTION Current project is based on developing Natural gas liquid plant located on the west coast region of South America along with the support of the government as the local government has initiated for this project by giving the contract to a European company named as Inter Europe plc that taken this contract in $195M which consists of $175M as the targetsconstructions and rest amount includesthe profit elementdemanded from the government for the construction of this project (Kerzner, 2018).This project highlights on various elements which helps completing the same within the stated deadline given strictly by the government as delaying penalty of $1M per well will get imposed on the construction for not giving the final outcome on time which creates a pressure on a project manager to fulfil the aim of its clients within the time (Martinsuo and Hoverfält, 2018). Firstly, project objectives are created that is based on the entire nature of the overall project to guide a manager to achieve all its targets before the time get elapsed (Remeljej and Hoadley, 2006). Secondly, all the existing and potential risks related to this project are identified to craft mitigation strategy to safeguard the interests of the client (Carnall, 2018). Gantt chart is prepared to visually all the tasks to know the actual completion time required to achieve all the aims (Kidnay, Parrish and McCartney 2011). Resource histogram is prepared to the know the requirements of all the resources required for this project for a weekly period (Jiang and et.al., 2018). Human resource budget is prepared for all the team members to knowthepersonalexpensesincurredbyallthemembersseparately.Grossprofitis determined by deducting all the expenses incurred in the project from the total revenues generated from this project (Tonchia Tonchia and Mahagaonkar, 2018). Re-scheduling of the project plan after considering all the incomplete tasks taken into consideration (Long and Lee, 2013). Earned value analysis will be based on several criteria such as calculating the projected completion date of the project; the projected final costs required in completing this project and also reflect its impact on the entire project (Westerveld, 2003). Justifications for all the acceleration options are covered to decide which option to select or reject (Jiang, Bian, 2017). In the final stage, reflective essay will be attached to this project analysis report to target all the challenges and the problems encountered by the project manager as in this stage the personal experience of the project manager and all its team members are included in this phase as the motive of the owner and the project supervisor is to appreciate the talents and special skills of all the action and the passive users participates in this project to accomplish 1
all the aim and the targets of the project to get it complete within the prescribed time period (Pinto and Prescott, 2018). SECTION A: SALVAJE (WILD) BAY CASE STUDY 426 Salvaje Bay is a project initiated by the South American government which is based on that is NGL that is Natural gas liquids which is small scale plant about to build on the undeveloped port of the South America country located in the west coast region (Umble, Haft and Umble, 2013). The operation of the plat includes various steps such as filtration phase which covers the separation of oil from the gas to keep the natural ingredient in the produced gas which will further pumped into marine terminal setup at the Salvaje bay. This will piped to two kilometres new plant from which methane is separated and sent to the national grid plant (Kim, Noh and Chang, 2018). Ethane is piped to the nearby ethylene cracker plant for the further processing. In the further processing, propane and butane will get chilled to create liquid solution to get stored in the tanks (Priswanti, Andini and Putri, 2018). This plant have the support the national government as this development of the plant will generates several local jobs and also boosts the overall economy which in turn induces the entire productivity of a start up who intends build NGL plant in the backward area (Matthews and et.al., 2018). South America is good for the education purpose whose tourism will get increases when this plant comes into operation that produces several jobs that enriches the existing capabilities of all the employees are expert in the chemical engineering or related to the current field to give benefit of their skills to the owner of the pant also the governmentwhosemotiveistoconductseveralsocialwelfareactivities(Bryde, Unterhitzenberger and Joby, 2018). Before the final operation of this plant, the government of these regions invites tenders for the construction of the plant by inviting several engineering and oil companies to show their interest in this particular project (Jadhav and Shinde, 2018). After some moths of the negotiations, finally the salvaje bay project were taken by European company named as Inter Europe oil and gas plc in a contract price of $175M for the construction costs and $195M for the profits in the first year (Strucker, 2018). One condition is included in this contract that if the targets costs does not included the profit element for the first year then they will get an additional 5% savings in the total profit in a proportion of 1:1 with the government but if the cost of this project exceeded then the contractor will get liable for first 5% after sharing equal profit with the government as mentioned in the legal contract. Late fee 2
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of $M per week will get imposed on the contractor for not submitting the final project within the stipulated deadline (Liu, Sun, Ni, Yang and Song, 2018). PROJECT OBJECTIVES Discuss the importance of iron triangle parameters in developing objectives of the project To determine the scope of the construction of NGL Project To evaluate the costs of the construction of NGL Project To determine the time of the construction of NGL Project To determine quality of the service provided by the contractor in constructing NGL project Iron triangle parameters of the project play an integral role in determining the project objectives for the current project of constructing plant of NGL located in the countryside area of the South America that is the west coast region which is underprivileged that needs further development in terms of the population residing there, facilities and basic amenities available there (Semerci and Çelik, 2018). These three parameters include scope, cost and time which are the three criteria’s used to accomplish the overall aims and set targets created by the project manager to deliver the quality oriented service to its clients that are the government (Pheng, 2018). Quality is one of the important things uses by a contractor in building existing as well as the future relationship with its clients to increase the quantity of the work supplied by its clients (Pinha and Ahluwalia, 2018). Higher levels of the customer satisfaction will get achieved by an entity by satisfying its current user which will get achieved with the help of high quality of the services provided by the firm to its clients to keep them motivated with their business for a longer period of time (Bredillet, Tywoniak and Tootoonchy, 2018). In the current project (Vinegar, Akkurt and Tutunjian, Shell Oil Co, 2010), European construction companies will create a strong business connection with its clients that is the national government of South American to reduce the complexity of the legal proceedings of its business (Qyyum, Ali, Hussain, Bahadori and Lee, 2018). RISK ASSESSMENTS Create risks register by identifying 10 risks that IEOG are facing in this project Risk Management Register for NGL Project Risk IdentificationAssessmentResponse Monitoring and Control Ref ereEventCaus eEffectPro babi Im pa PStr ate Trigg erActionResp onsi Rev iew Stat us 3
ncelityct x L gy ble pers on/s Fre que ncy date and gene ral note s 1Lack of fundi ng Bud get Con strai nts- alloc ation in doub t or subj ect to chan ge (Erg a, Juliu ssen, and Lida l, 2015 ) Projec t delaye d 452 0 Mit igat e Projec t's spons ors fail to ensur e secure fundi ng level when the plan is prese nted Conduct another funding round, seeking support from key stakehold er groups, including the executive sponsor Proj ect Man ager, Exec utive Spo nsor Mo nthl y 1/08 /18 Regi ster upd ated . Alte rnati ve fund ing sour ces iden tifie d 2Unav ailabi lity of const ructio n mater ial Lack of mar ket surv ey Projec t delaye d 542 0 Mit igat e Contr actor did not enquir e about the availa bility of all the materi als before taking up the projec t Stocks are imported from another country to meet the current requirem ent and also create stock of all these items for the future purpose Proj ect Man ager We ekly 8/8/ 201 8 3PermPoorDissat326MitProjecQuestionExecMo9/1/ 4
ission of local resid ents for buildi ng chem ical plant in the resid ential area prop erty mar ket anal ysis isfacti on amon g projec t users( Sangh era, 2019) igat e t execu tives did not taken the conse nt of all their partie s before finaliz ing the projec t(Gra y, and McCli ntock, Cono coPhil lips Co, 2014) naires are created to get the consent of all the parties directly or indirectly related with this particular project(K erzner, and Kerzner, 2017.) utiventhl y 201 8 4Incre ase in Cost Lack of oper ation al budg et Leads to the penalt y 251 0 Mit igat e Lack of negoti ation policy devel oped by a mang er to reduc e the overal l cost(L u, and Wang , 2009) The increase in costs issue is controlle d by creating a new negotiati on policy and forecaste d analysis Tech nical anal ysts We ekly 9/8/ 201 8 5Labo r strike No meet ing with Increa sing costs in the 341 2 Not mit igat ed Dema nds of the labors This risk will get reduces by Man ager We ekly 9/16 /201 8 5
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the unio n labo ur mem ber projec t are fulfill ed by the projec t spons or fulfilling all their expectati ons by increasin g their monetary compens ation(Shu ping, Xiaohong , Lianlian, and Jie, G., 2015) 6Site accid ents No eval uatio n of the site Increa sing costs and projec t delay 452 0 Mit igat e Poor safety measu res follo wed on the site Use of safety gears and measures to save the lives of all the executive s working on the site Arch itect We ekly 9/24 /201 8 7Ineffi cient empl oyees Lack of wor king expe rienc e Projec t failure 155Mit igat e Lack of traini ng and worki ng experi ence of all the emplo yees On- the job training method is followed by an entity Tea m lead er We ekly 09/3 0/21 8 8Incre asing client 's requi reme nt With the advi ce of othe r parli ame nt mem Increa ses projec t timeli ne 155Not to mit igat e Contr action or extens ion in the constr uction of the plant Meeting with the clients on weekly basis to give the status of the work to them to avoid Proj ect man ager We ekly 10/1 /201 8 6
bersany kind of miscomm unication s 9Lack of staff moral e Due to incre asin g wor kloa d Projec t failure 251 0 Mit igat e Empl oyees are not satisfi ed with the work pressu re given to them Monetary motivatio n is given to them to keep them motivate d towards the work offers to them Tea m lead er We ekly 10/7 /201 8 10Poor weat her condi tions Start ing the cons truct ion in wro ng weat her Projec t failure 155Not to Mit igat e Lack of predic tive analys is Safeguar ding the constructi on of plant by making external arrangem ents Anal ysts We ekly 10/1 4/20 18 PROJECT PLAN (GANTT CHART) Prepare Gantt chart for the project Task NameDurationStartFinishPredecessors Design WorkMon 10/12/09 Mon 10/12/09 Site Surveys12 daysMon 10/12/09 Tue 10/27/09 Concept Designs20 daysMon 10/12/09Fri 11/6/09 Detailed Design27 daysMon 11/9/09Tue 12/15/092,3 Planning Submissions5 daysWed 12/16/09 Tue 12/22/094 Interface Studies15 daysWed 12/16/09Tue 1/5/104 7
Figure2Network Diagram Projected completion Time Task No.Task NameDurationIncomplete tasks Design Work 1Site Surveys12 days 2Concept Designs20 days 3Detailed Design27 days 4Planning Submissions5 days 5Interface Studies15 days 6Design Approved0 days NGL Plant 7Contractor Design work20 days 8Design Approved by NPI0 days 9Site clearance15 days 10Foundations20 days 11Civil Works35 days 12Mechanical systems30 days 13Electrical and control systems20 days 14Piping and utilities25 days 15Pre-Commissioning10 days Ethylene Cracker 11
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16Contractor design work25 days 17Design approved by NPI0 days 18Site clearance25 days 19Foundations20 days 20Civil Works30 days 21Mechanical systems25 days 22Electrical and control systems20 days 23Piping and utilities30 days 24Pre-Commissioning10 days Port Development 25Dredging Works125 days 26Civil Construction80 days 27Electrical services25 days 28Telecom and Control20 days 29Fire station25 days 30Port Operational0 days Social Infrastructure 31Estate planning10 days 32Service roads30 days 33Drainage and water25 days 34Electrical services15 days 35Housing units35 days 36School complex20 days 37Medical center10 days 38Retail units20 days 39Infrastructure complete0 days Road Network 40Layout Finalized5 days 41Leveling works60 days 42Access roads40 days 43Circular roads25 days 44Plant Network30 days 45Road lighting20 days 46Roads Complete0 days Commissioning 47NGL Process system15 days 48NGL control system15 days 49NGL Fire safety system10 days 50Cracker Process system15 days 51Cracker control system15 days 52Cracker fire safety system10 days 53Site fully operational0 days Total1017 days62 days 12
RESOURCE HISTOGRAM Develop weekly resource histogram ResourcesCommission rate Days workedTotal commission NGL Process system400156000 NGL Control system400156000 NGL Fire safety system400104000 Cracker Process system400156000 Cracker Control system400156000 Cracker Fire safety system400104000 15FrequencyCumulative %15FrequencyCumulative % 1000.00%More5100.00% 1000.00%100100.00% 1500.00%100100.00% 1500.00%150100.00% 1500.00%150100.00% More5100.00%150100.00% Mo re1010151515 0 2 4 6 0.00% 40.00% 80.00% 120.00% Histogram Frequency Cumulative % 15 Frequency HUMAN RESOURCES BUDGET Prepare Human resource budget for the whole team Resources Remunerati on Busine ss expens es Accommodati on Flight sTotal Project manager1000015002500200016000 Other managers700010004500750020000 Assistant managers40005004500750016500 13
Project coordinators20005004500750014500 Total2300035001600024500 GROSS PROFIT Estimate gross profit for the project ParticularsBudget(In $M)Costs(In$M)GP Design work54.20.8 NGL Plant5022.127.9 Ethylene cracker601644 Port development2514.710.3 Social infrastructure206.613.4 Road network125.76.3 Commissioning0.500.5 Total103.2 RESCHEDULED PROJECT PLAN Prepare reschedule plan for all the incomplete work Task NameDurationStartFinishPredecessors Design Work0 daysMon 10/12/09 Mon 10/12/09 Site Surveys12 daysMon 10/12/09 Tue 10/27/09 Concept Designs20 daysMon 10/12/09Fri 11/6/09 Detailed Design27 daysMon 11/9/09Tue 12/15/092,3 Planning Submissions5 daysWed 12/16/09 Tue 12/22/094 Interface Studies15 daysWed 12/16/09Tue 1/5/104 Design Approved0 daysTue 1/5/10Tue 1/5/105,6 NGL Plant0 daysMon 10/12/09 Mon 10/12/09 Contractor Design work20 daysWed 1/6/10Tue 2/2/107 Design Approved by NPI0 daysMon 10/12/09 Mon 10/12/098 Site clearance15 daysWed 2/3/10Tue 2/23/109 Foundations20 daysMon 10/12/09Fri 11/6/0910 Civil Works35 daysWed 2/24/10Tue 4/13/1011 Mechanical systems22 daysWed 2/24/10Thu 3/25/1011 14
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Estimate at completion= Budget actual cost/ cost performance index = $6900000/10.58 = $65217 Working Notes W.N.1 Planned Value Design work100 NGL65 Ethylene cracker20 Dredging60 Social infrastructure40 Road network50 335 Average55.83 W.N.2 Earned Value Design work100 NGL46.67 Ethylene cracker22.22 Port Development20.67 Social infrastructure19.44 Road network45 Average42.33 ACCELERATION OPTIONS Explain reasoning for all the options There are five acceleration options given above such as subcontracting of plumbing will result in the savings of 2 weeks time but by adding extra $100,000, chilling electrical systems requires additional $50, 0000 but this saves 3 weeks, revising specifications will save 1 month time period but requires $175000 cost, two additional engineers recruited in the project will save 1 week but incurs $50,000 and bring additional labours will save 3 weeks and additional cost of 80, 0000. 18
Out of the above options,last option will be selected in which additional labours are recruited that saves the 3 weeks in a cost of 80,000 as these labours will help in reducing the entire workload to generate higher revenues to cover this cost. PART B REFLECTIVE ESSAY Prepare a reflective essay that considers all the challenges and problems encountered in this project This phase will include the information about the overall experience in conducting this particular project by considering all the need and the expectations of all the users related to this project. South American government was the client in this project as they initiated a government project of Natural gas liquid setting up in the backward region to generate 400 local jobs for all the backward region and urban region people of the country to enhance their skills and knowledge to practice in the chemical engineering field as this particular field has become rare in the current period which requires appreciation by giving ample of jobs in this sector. I witnessed bothpositiveand negative sides of this project just like two faces of a coin which get flipped according to the changes takes places in the external environment. I notices several challenges such as increase in the cost structure which is consider as the biggest challenge for me to encounter before it leads to the penalty of 5% of the total profits after giving 50% share to the government as this information has stated clearly in the contract that I have encountered by creating budgets for all the major costs incurred in this project by comparing the same with the previous year costs structure to know the weaknesses lies in the costs managing system uses by me and my team members. After creating the budget, prediction results are created to know its overall impact as my aim is to remove this issue on a high priority by categorizing all the risks and issues in general in the construction of this project to eradicate the same from this project. If these issues are not rectified then this will leads to the overall delaying in completing the construction of the plant which leads to the clear-cut penalty of $1M per week as imposed by the government. I can’t afford to submit the late work in the first and foremost business deal started with the government as this will affects my overall market image and also affects my credibility in front of all the investors who will divest their shares from my company if I deliver low quality work or withdrawing my interest from this project which is not good for getting all the assignments and the constructions projects in the present and as well as in the future period. Another issues I faced in performing this project is related to the site accidents’ due to less efficient safety equipments used on the sites which leads to the site accidents which in 19
turn, increases my overall costs and also creates overall project delay which I can’t afford as my image is on stake while first time dealing with the government. I have encountered this issue by increasing the quality and quantity of the safety measures equipped on the sites to avoid the site accidents and also to safeguard the entire costs incurred in this project. 20
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