Project Management Methodologies and Team Roles

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of project management methodologies, including PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), and the essential role of teams in attaining project objectives. The document references various books and journals on project management, highlighting key concepts such as planning, scheduling, and controlling projects. It also emphasizes the importance of value management in project portfolios and discusses the relationship between project management performance and success. With a focus on training and education for project managers, this assignment serves as a valuable resource for students and professionals alike.

PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Project is set of inter-related task which is executed in fixed time period. There is set
specific budget and time to complete the objective to attain determined goals and objectives. In
order to run project, there is requirement of different resources which are important and
significant for performing project work in appropriate manner. Project management means
actions taken in order to manage activities of project so positive results can be attained (Bucero
and Englund, 2015). There are different parties which are responsible for different operations of
project. In this report, construction enterprise Carillion is taken. Managers of Carillion is
thinking to shift their corporate office to some porch location of London. In this report there is
discussion about project, its characteristics and roles, theoretical framework to accomplish
project, composition of project management team, project management plan. Apart from this
there is discussion about measures to get positive result and at last major learning points with
delivery of project.
MAIN BODY
DEFINITION OF PROJECT
project refers to activities which is important for achieving set aims and objectives. There
are some actions set by individual in order to attain some specific targets. Combination of such
activities in known as project. There is requirement of qualified personnel which helps to
perform operations in impressive and efficient way. This personnel is known as project manager.
They plans, organise, direct, and control project related actions. There is proper set of activities
which helps to manage project activities and team is aware about dos and don't of project.
Project title- Shifting of corporate office with good and latest infrastructure
Background- This project is executed because managers of Carillion wants to shift their
corporate office to other Porsche location of London (Burke, 2013). This is because old premises
is small and does not have good infrastructure.
Purpose- This project is done in order to improve quality of services with good infrastructure. As
there is competition among construction companies so it is important to improve quality of
services with environment of organisation. This new business venue has easy reachability and
this is important for analysing changes.
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Objectives- Objective behind this project is to improve infrastructure with new and latest
techniques. Hence there is requirement of plan which provides knowledge about time, risk,
resources, in it. This helps to provide road map for completing actions.
Project scope- Managers of Carillion are thinking to shift corporate office to Porsche location of
London. This helps to provide good ambience with full furnished facilities.
Exclusions from scope- In this project, there is no specific criteria of infrastructure and no
specific increment in sales are covered.
Deliverables- This is the important aspect which aims in performing operations of shifting
business in appropriate way. As there is requirement of some resources which can be achieved
with proper planning (Cheng, Ryan and Kelly, 2012).
Constraints- There are some negative points which affects project in adverse way such as
personal conflict, less interference of team mates in decision making.
Assumptions- As per assumptions of project managers cost of completing project is £2500.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT
There are some characteristics of project, which helps to get positive return out of it.
Some of them are discussed as under-
Transparency- This is one of the important aspect of good project management plan. As
there are different parties working to achieve project aims and objectives. So it is important that
transparency in activities must be there.
Flexibility- Project must be flexible because there are some changes taking place in
external environment of society. For instance, there is issue in arising funds from market, then
managers of Carillion are not able to attain goals and objectives.
Proper communication- Communication is one of the crucial aspect which helps to
convey changes happening in external environment. There are possibilities that due to improper
communication, project activities are performed in effective way (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER
Project manager is the person who guides, directs, lead and control project activities.
They are the individual who is responsible for executing and implementation of proper
methodologies of project. Role played by project manager are as under-
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Time management- While pursuing project, there is some specific time within which it
must be completed. It is responsibility of project manager to perform operations which are
effective and relevant for completion of project on time.
Budget- In shifting business, there is requirement of some cost. Similarly for project
operations also, there are some cost associated to it. Project manager has to set budget for each
activity. It must be in mind that budget must be as per financial status of Carillion.
Monitoring process- There are different activities which helps to complete business
project (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). There are different activities which makes the project
completed. Hence, it is responsibility of project manager to monitor team mates which assist in
getting positive return.
APPLICATION OF THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Project is a long term process. There are some steps which has to be followed by project
managers to get positive result from this project. This process helps to know percentage of
project completion. This helps manager to distribute project activities in appropriate way.
Theoretical framework of project management are as under-
Initiation- This is the first step in project management plan. This is the primary and
foremost idea click in mind. Basic element of project management plan is effective and
significant through initiation. In this report idea to improve infrastructure is initiation.
Planning- After Initiation, planning is next step in which project manager makes an
overview to perform project related activities. As there is requirement of some resources, so this
is performed in this section.
Execution- After planning, execution stage happens. In this stage project activities are
performed. In this step manager has important role of analysing situation and provide appropriate
guidance. There is requirement of change which is important and significant for getting positive
result (Martinsuo and Killen, 2014).
Control- There are possibilities of positive as well as negative results from execution
stage. So it is essential to make changes which are significant for achieving targets. Project
managers has to control project activities in case of negative outcomes. In performing project
activities, there are possibilities there is change in external environment. Hence in this case,
project manager has analyse changes and then appropriate actions has to be taken.
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Closure- In last step, project needs to be close down. There are possibilities that due to
alteration in external environment project may not completed on time. In order to complete
project on time, project managers has to regularly check external market elements.
METHODOLOGIES
Methodologies are the practices, rules and regulations which helps to perform project
operations in systematic and synchronise way. There are some techniques of project management
which helps to make changes in appropriate way. Project manager has varieties off way to
perform project activities. Hence with the help of project methodologies, there is a path way to
operate and achieve positive results. PERT, CPM, CCPM, XPM, etc. are some methodologies
used by project manager to shift corporate office of Carillion at “London” Porsche area (Mir and
Pinnington, 2014).
Managers of Carillion use PERT in order to get positive outcome from project. PERT
stands for Program Evaluation Review technique. This is one of the important and relevant
technique to represent and analyse project activities. This is the best technique which helps to
perform research work in effective way because this provides knowledge about research
activities start date and end date. There are five steps of PERT which are discussed as under-
Step 1. Identifying specific activities and milestones- According to first step, it is
responsibility of manager to analyse activities which has to be performed in order to establish
business successfully. In this step, targets and standards which has to attained within specified
time are considered.
Step 2. Determining the sequence of activities- After analysing activities, sequence of
activities has to be considered. Project activities are synchronised in effective way, this helps to
guide team mates and targets are achieved within specified limit.
Step 3. Constructing a network diagram- After knowing sequence of project activities,
network diagram is constructed. There is link among different activities so serial as well as
parallel activities can represent. There is node of each activity interrelated top other activity.
Step 4. Estimating the time necessary for each activity- Time is one of the important
component which has to be considered by managers of organisation (Mkrttchian and
Stephanova, 2013). As per this model, there are three types of main time- optimistic, most likely,
pessimistic time. After estimating time of each activity, expected time of each activity has to be
calculated through:
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Expected time = ( Optimistic + 4 x Most likely + Pessimistic) / 6
Step 5. Identifying the critical path- At last, critical path is identified. This is the last step
of PERT technique. By adding all times taken to complete activities longest time can be
calculated. Total project time does not change if activities were performed in delay or hurry.
Managers of Carillion use PERT because this provides in-depth and deep analysis about
project activities. This also helps to perform activities in effective way because it helps to
analyse possibilities and uncertainty ties which may arise. Apart from positive points, there is
negative aspect also of PERT. i.e. project manager can not predict steps (Pinto, 2014).
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The project can be described as the overall improvement of a blue print blue print by
which the management specifies the aims and targets to workforce of company. It very well may
be executed in more fruitful way with a satisfactory help of management who are having
adequate information and knowledge to design an effective project plan comprising of different
components, for example, cost, time, human asset, communication, risk and many more. These
all aspects at the time of preparation of project plan in which Carrilion ought to migrate its office
to different zones for further improvement. Such elements are quickly depicted as under:
Scope: Carrilion is chosen to move its business to rich territories, for example, London
where high talented individuals are searching for work opportunities at a normal pay scale when
contrasted with different urban communities. In this manner, the principle goal of Carrilion to
migrate business i.e. enlisting skilled workforce and advanced infrastructure will be effectively
accomplished therefore the extent of project plan made has more extensive scope (Ramasesh and
Browning, 2014).
Risk: There is high risk engaged with the process of moving business to other rich
regions, for example, London. Risk can be connected with absence of employees support, lack of
assets, rivals aggressive methodologies and so on which is basically required to be handle by the
management of Carrilion. For this, risk management should be formed which is liable to break
down such risk factors and make arrangements as needs be to handle in more successful and
effective way.
Human resource: It is considered as a significant resource of organization whose
contribution and knowledge can help Carrilion in moving its business to other created territories.
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The execution of plan and techniques depend on the efforts of workers thus it is imperative for
management to persuade them to assist organization with moving to desired city.
Quality: Relocating business to other developed regions requires particular information
and data about new market because of which it is vital for management of Carrilion to conduct
training and learning programs and additionally money related help for their current staff with
the goal that they are more able to look through the current market trends and accessibility of
skilled workers, good infrastructure and so on at new place through directing research programs.
It upgrades the quality of work of employees and project activities as well (Ramazani and
Jergeas, 2015).
Communication: It is another vital factor which empowers mutual support from all
individuals from an organisation in execution of their project related activities. The management
of Carrilion should outline a viable communication channel through which they can interact with
their interested parties for example, investors, clients, workers, suppliers and so on in more
successful and proficient way.
Time: It is important for management of Carrilion to set time span for every activity
executed in migrating business to other developed cities. It inspires existing workers to perform
dispensed jobs through contributing their most extreme efforts and support management
administration in execution of their pre-determined plan. The project of migrating business of
Carrilion to posh areas in UK, for example, London might be completed within 8 weeks.
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MEASURES TO CONTROL AND MONITOR PROJECT RISK, QUALITY, CHANGE AND
CONFIGURATION
There are a few controlling measures that to be embraced by the management of Carrilion
to control, manage and analyse process which is implemented to estimate, understand and
construct factors related with the undertaking project activities, for example, riks, time, quality
and so on. Such measures or systems are explained as under:
Describing project scope and its feasibility: The most importantly method used to
control project is to give detailed information about scope of project whether it is wide or narrow
(Rose, 2013). Carrilion has more scope because of having sufficient help from representatives
subsequently it requires management to identify the feasibility impacts in the wake of specifying
the scope of project and accordingly make important modifications while project formulation.
Division of projects into various parts: It is another critical part of project controlling in
which the project has been divided into small units which makes simple for managers and
employees to centre around executing project activities at least cost and time. It help in
diminishing expense and bring out most extreme contribution from the workers.
Estimating resources and formulate resource plan: The project managers of Carrilion
should require to make an estimation about assets that to be acquired in execution of project
activities and accessibility of asset at present with organization. This will help in organizing and
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overseeing assets through proper allotment which in results limiting the chances of having
wastage of assets.
Critical path analysis: It is considered as an effective controlling technique which is
applied to make an estimation of time taken by every action executed in a project. It helps in
deciding the aggregate time required for activity which incorporates which includes earliest start
time, earliest finish time, latest start and latest finish time. This will help management of
Carrilion to use time in ideal way.
PERT analysis: It is known statistical instrument which is likewise required by the
management of Carrilion to adopt so as to dissect and control the activities associated with
execution of given project. Both basic and PERT chart are used interchangeably but have only
one difference that is time (Sánchez, 2015).
EVALUATION OF COMPOSITION AND MANAGEMENT OF TEAMS
Work breakdown structure is one of the important component which helps to distribute
project activities among different personnel. There are many activities in project, hence with the
help of work breakdown structure activities are converted into small and components.
(Source: Work Breakdown Structure, 2018)
A team is made in an organisation to complete a project which is based on shifting a
company from one place to another. A team of 15 members is made in Carillion for shift it to
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Illustration 1: Work Breakdown Structure

Porsche area of London, UK. Main reason of shifting this firm is improper infrastructure which
is faced by company. Project team include following members: sponsor, project manager, team
leader, team members, project steering committee etc. All members follow their roles and
responsibilities and perform their task effectively.
Roles and responsibilities of project team:-
 Sponsor have to communicate effectively with CEO of Carillion and stakeholders who
provide resources and accepting or declining outcomes.
 Project manager determine the problem and analyse solution to face it. They provide a
proper framework for project activities and identify necessary resources (Turner, 2014).
 Team leader guide their team members to perform activities related to project and
motivate them to work effectively and efficiently.
 Team members are the heart of any project with different skills like technical, problem-
solving, interpersonal skills etc.
 Project steering committee approve charter, budget and secure resources.
Project team of Carillion is more effective due to following reasons:- Unity of Purpose- Project team of Carillion is work for a common objective. There is a
unity among group members which is there strength to perform work effectively. Informal Atmosphere- Environment of this project team is relax, comfortable and
informal. There is no creation of tension among team members which is helpful for
effective performance. Clear objective- Objective is so clear in Carillion that project team has to shift the
company in other location. There is no confusion in this statement which increases
effectiveness to complete project and achieve organisational objectives.
 Proper communication- Effective communication increases the chances of effective
performance. There is a open communication among project team members by which
they can easily share ideas with each other and complete there project more effective and
efficient manner (Bucero and Englund, 2015).
Team composition is effective at the same time this helps to perform project in
appropriate manner. Apart from this there are a few negative aspects of team also. They are
personal conflicts, lack opportunity to team members to perform project activities. This creates
dissatisfaction among teammates and project activities also gets affected in negative way.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
This must be resolved in order to get best return out of team. There must be training to
team mates regarding what has to be done. Training helps to polish knowledge of team members
and hence outcome from team is positive. There must be interaction with team mates through
personal interview, focus group, etc. which helps to know mindset and this might result in
implementing more effective and significant action.
EVALUATION OF PROJECT SUCCESS AND FAILURE
Above mentioned plan of shifting business to Porsche location of London. This is
because they want to improve infrastructure of Carillion This project is successful because
project activities are properly planed, time to timer market analysis is done. Contribution of
project time is important and significant as it helps to perform activities in effective and relevant
manner. When managers of Carillion are thinking to shift corporate office to London, then they
analyse budget as well so this is effective for controlling monetary resources (Burke, 2013).
DISSEMINATE KEY LEARNING POINTS FROM THE DELIVERY OF THE PROJECT
With this project, knowledge about activities for completing a project is undertaken. It is
possible to en-light knowledge about different techniques through which operations can be
attained. PERT is the methodology used by managers of Carillion which is used because it
provides in- depth knowledge about project activities. Planning must be done by team leader in
appropriate way and it must be delivered to subordinates.
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CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it is clear that project activities includes different activities
such as planning, execution, etc. There are possibilities of positive as well as negative outcome
because of change in external environment, hence it is responsibility of project managers to
analyse external market, then corrective measures has to be taken. PERT is used as methodology
in order to attain goals and objectives. Team plays essential role in attaining goals and objectives
of project.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bucero, A. and Englund, R. L., 2015, October. Project sponsorship: Achieving management
commitment for project success. Project Management Institute.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Cheng, E. W., Ryan, N. and Kelly, S., 2012. Exploring the perceived influence of safety
management practices on project performance in the construction industry. Safety
Science. 50(2). pp.363-369.
Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017. Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Martinsuo, M. and Killen, C. P., 2014. Value management in project portfolios: Identifying and
assessing strategic value. Project Management Journal. 45(5). pp.56-70.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success. International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Mkrttchian, V. and Stephanova, G., 2013. Training of avatar moderator in sliding mode control
environment for virtual project management. In Project management approaches for
online learning design (pp. 175-203). IGI Global.
Pinto, J. K., 2014. Project management, governance, and the normalization of deviance.
International Journal of Project Management. 32(3). pp.376-387.
Ramasesh, R. V. and Browning, T. R., 2014. A conceptual framework for tackling knowable
unknown unknowns in project management. Journal of Operations Management. 32(4).
pp.190-204.
Ramazani, J. and Jergeas, G., 2015. Project managers and the journey from good to great: The
benefits of investment in project management training and education. International
Journal of Project Management. 33(1). pp.41-52.
Rose, K. H., 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)
—Fifth Edition. Project management journal. 44(3). pp.e1-e1.
Sánchez, M. A., 2015. Integrating sustainability issues into project management. Journal of
Cleaner Production. 96. pp.319-330.
Turner, J. R., 2014. Handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-
hill.
Walker, A., 2015. Project management in construction. John Wiley & Sons.
Online
Project Managers Responsibilities. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/project-manager-job-description>.
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