Project Management Essentials for Smart City Development

This report focuses on Smart City development by bringing advanced technology, potential workforce, and other attributes that play an important role in bringing new developed cities. It includes the stages linked with risk assessment, budget preparation, and ensuring the project communication to the associated team. The report also discusses the skills required for effective project management, stakeholder identification, and the project triangle model for successful project completion.

Project Management

INTRODUCTION
Project management defines the purpose of specific knowledge, skills, tools and techniques
to deliver people better. Each project differs a unique base concept from routine operations. As
the ongoing activities of an organization because a project reaches on inference once the goal is
accomplished. It also helps to improvise business is process related to specific use of skills,
knowledge, tools and techniques to deliver value of people (Aanbari, and Kwak, 2018). The
main objectives of project for creation where value through unique product and services
deliverables in effective manner. This report focuses on Smart City development by bringing
advanced technology, potential workforce, and other attributes that play an important role in
bringing new developed cities. It includes the stages linked with risk assessment, budget
preparation, and ensuring the project communication to the associated team. Through team
member have their own process to interpret about objectives and goals that are part of the project
to understand main purpose of project (Bjorvatn, and Wald, 2018). The efficiency and
effectiveness of the project depends on individuals and teams involved in the project that ensure
the better performance level get maximized based on project requirement. The efficiency of the
project depends on the individuals and team involved in the project to ensure that the
performance level is maximised as per project requirement.
MAIN BODY
Task 1
Skills which are required in effective project manager and reflecting on skills required for Smart
City project
The technologies and disciplines are absolutely interlinked with each other and plays a
significant role in converting a city into a smart city. This interconnection enables to understand
that how much market-share interact with it. Within UK, various cities are competing with each
other to become the country's smartest city. Against larger cities such as London and
Manchester, Hull might appear as a loser, but it has been constructing substantial in-roads from
the last 12 months. For reducing the crowding of traffic, the company has offered smart solutions
and for that it was awarded £55,000 in May last year. Within the year, later it started a more
progressive project Smart Operating system (SOS) for the city to make it exclusive one. The
Smart Operating System for making the city as a smart city is delivered by Hull City Councill,

technology company Connexin and Cisco. Connexin has been working with cities such as
Newcastle Upon Tyne to deliver smart city technologies, impacting on everything from lighting,
mobility, security and waste. “Developing Hull as a Smart City will give us the opportunity to
work with public and private sector partners to deliver real benefits to communities, businesses
and visitors to Hull,” says Councillor Daren Hale, Deputy Leader of Hull City Council.
Management means planning, organizing. Monitoring and controlling of activities efficiently and
effectively to achieve the goals of organization. These functions are performed by project
managers in any particular project. Project managers ensures the development of effective team
so that the requirement of budge and various resources are satisfied. In this particular report,
project manager prepares report on hulk city smart project. Smart city is closely related to the
development of cities and adds different features and facilities. It includes metro facilities, proper
sanitation facilities, proper drinking water facilities, roads and flyovers, effective traffic
management, proper market classification, basic amenities, proper local transportation and
effective tourism management. Smart city project must focus on health facilities of the city. It is
the most important aspect of smart city because none the city regarded as smart city until their
health structure of city becomes effective (Filippetto, Lima and Barbosa, 2021). It includes
construction of new multi-specialty hospitals, dispensaries in most remote areas, regular health
check, uses of new technology and machinery in hospitals and proper ambulance facilities. All
these features need effective project management and managerial roles. The brief discussion
related roles of project manager in smart city project is given below.
 Initiation phase: - This is a first stage of project management. All the ideas for the
project are carries out in this stage. Project manager identifies all persons relevant to the
project. Smart city project is very big project and all the key roles and ideas are
considered in this stage. This phase requires talented persons having innovated minds to
carry out different and attractive ideas.
 Planning phase: - All planning related to various aspects of smart city project are done
in this phase and this stage requires to be most developed and effective. In this stage, the
data related to different factors of project are analyzed and utilized in planning in this
stage. Time period is one factor which needs more focus and the planning related to this
factor should be effective because project is regarded as effective project if they complete
before their estimated deadline. Another important factor which requires to be focused is

cost. Cost related to the overall expenses incurred for the completion of project. Cost
plays an important role in success and failure of project (Galli, 2018). Cost planning is
the most difficult planning for any project because the factors of cost remains variable
which means it changes continuously.
 Execution phase: - This is the working phase of project management. The plan develops
in planning phase are executed in this phase. Managers ensures execution of different
activities related to project are done as per the planning. This phase is regarded as the
most productive stage of project. This phase requires high degree of efficiency and
effective. All the work of smart city like establishment of Wi-Fi towers, new technology
for drinking water filters and construction of roads and flyovers are done in this stage. It
is the duty of project managers to ensure proper utilization of resources.
A project manager has to develop various skills for performing an effective and
successful project. It is concluded that project managers must be having capabilities and skills
that lead to manage the project activities properly. It is very essential to manage skills in order to
conduct the project activities properly.
Leadership skills: There is need for having strong leadership in order to complete tasks
and manage staff efficiently. When there is strong leadership there are opportunities for
controlling and monitoring project activities. In context of smart city, it is concluded that project
managers have to manage all operations properly and adopt strong leadership.
Research and development skill: In context of smart city OS, it is concluded that proper
research is needed before launching the project activities (McLaren, and Loose more, 2019).
There is also need for developing and managing the project.
Planning skill: There are different managers for managing various departments of
project. It is ensured that al project managers are completing all project activities in given
timeline. The project manager has to develop and manage the planning of project work in such a
manner that there are no loop holes. There is need to have effective planning and monitoring of
all project work for smart city.
Problem solving skill: Project managers are also having problem solving skills and this
helps to acknowledge the challenges and make effective solutions. This is associated with
providing logic for all activities that are arising. This includes handling any negative
consequence upon project activity. There is requirement of dealing with proper management of

project work and enhance the accomplishment of work (Obradović, Todorović, and Bushuyev,
2018). There may be several future problems which can arise in project work and that is why it is
essential to overcome them for attaining goals and objectives within time.
Collaboration skill: It is essential that project managers of smart city have to manage the
working of all operations and also they should collaborate all the project activities. It is
concluded that for the smart city functioning, there is need for developing own expertise and skill
sets for the project managers. They are assigned work according to their talent and skills. There
is need for collaboratively functioning and working with all project team members as it helps to
Monitoring and controlling skill: This skill plays a significant role and help project
administrators in monitoring and tracking entire progress of project. To forecast future scenario,
the manager use this type of skill. After that proper steps are taken by manager for completing
the project in specified deadline.
TASK 2
Identifying stakeholders which are important for project success
For the smart city project, it is concluded that stakeholders are present and these are affected by
any operation of the firm. The stakeholders provide help in operating the organizational
functions and operations within business environment. There is need for boosting productivity
and efficiency of the company in order to have more profits (Pan, and Zhang, 2021). In context
of smart city project, it is concluded that stakeholders are efficiently working in order to have
successful project. Stakeholders are given in the following paragraph-
 Technology providers- For current report, process used in the project is Smart city
Operating System. Major stakeholders in this project are technology providers of smart
city OS as it is a smart city project which is primarily relevant to improve city's
technological infrastructure. First step taken is related to make an area of wide
connectivity for offering smart city services. Next step is to install censors throughout the
city for accumulating real time data. Core objective of project manager is to make sure
that Hull may be a programmable city as well as there are technological services for
improving the method of service delivery. To make digital infrastructure, suitable
connections with technology providers are required for achieving the goals of smart city
project.

 Project workers – Stakeholders of smart city OS Project are project workers working for
accomplishment of project by getting a specified assigned function. Within any
organization, human resources are essential to run the operations and functions very
smoothly.
 The Council- The council members are known as ones who are part of third party
stakeholders. These are very essential and it possess main element for the development of
smart city of Hull. Council is involved in success of this project and the development of
project of smart city.
 Public: The project is mainly based over not developing smart city but also to enhance
and update technology which makes better development done in relation over project of
smart city. Also it has objective of making society better and effective place to live in
through this idea people is able to develop better lifestyle with enhancement of
technology. According to this project city is selected and its condition is observed which
makes problems faced by city analysed in proper manner. It makes new and latest
methods used for making public transport facility with connectivity better. Main
objective of project is not only to make city as a smart city but also it is significant to
move along with latest and upgraded technology. It is done with an aim to provide social
welfare to people. General public and society will be kept awared regarding achievement
of success at each phase of project for understanding benefits for the people. By doing so
there will be a movement of outdated and obsolete technologies to an establishment of
key platform bringing all systems within OS. It results in creation of a programmable city
for the purpose of having services driven technologies. From above analysis, it can be
evaluated that having connection with all stakeholders will eliminate duplication of
efforts. It enable stakeholders to have proper knowledge in respect to progress made at
each phase of project. The Hull city council is working on one council approach in which
employees manage several stakeholders to make sure that services are in proper series.
To be in connection with stakeholders is very significant across service sector for having
appropriate alignment to achieve objectives. Then proper planning requires to be done by
them which makes all kinds of goals and objectives achieved in more efficient manner.
Also in this various technologies like free WIFI is to be provided at public place which
makes smart city objective accomplished in more effective manner. Further better

material is required to use for building durable roads. Smart city required most advance
form of infrastructure like proper waste management, 24 hours’ clean water with
electricity. Then railway stations and airports required to be made more advance in
relation to its various process.
Task 3
Project Triangle:
The project management triangle is also known as iron triangle and this is utilised by various
companies when they have to deal with lots of challenges and issues. It is important to examine
the complexities where proper management of business operation to accomplish the task
effectively (Sank Aran, Jacobson, and Blomquist, 2021). The project manager is responsible for
making sure about the overall project triangle is considered for monitoring bearer project
activities. In the perspective of Smart city, the team of infrastructure they constantly explore
benefits and challenges that can raise implications for business for a longer period. The
functional aspect of this model in context of Smart city is mentioned below:
Figure 1: Project Triangle, 2020
Source: https://pmwares.com/balancing-triple-constraints-triangle/., 2020
 Scope: This refers to one of the important components of the model that prevails
information regarding the scope of the project. It helps manage the plans with better
attainment of project targets and objectives.

 Time duration: In every project, time plays a vital role to be measured, this includes
estimating about time that complete the project. There is need to manage the completion
project activities. There is need to manage for accomplishment project work within
specific period frame. By create proper planning to cover overall project activities
properly.
 Cost: After the Scope and Time in a project there is the estimate of cost where resources
are mandatory. There is important for managing money for the allotment of resources that
would be used to complete the project effectively. The efficiency of an organization
might increase when there is proper utilization of money and other finances.
Evaluation:
The above project triangle criteria can be stated about the project, which is Smart City OS
that developed of effective usage the opportunity. It has been concluded that a set of Smart City
OS projects has a major requirement of scope, time duration, and cost. The main component is
having scope as it will provide betterment towards society. People are easier to convenient life
style and advanced resources can make people’s lives and work flexibly. For this budget
estimation plays a major role, if there is effective budget planning, then it would easy to bring all
essential requirements resources to channelize business effectively (Silvius, 2017). The cost
factor also related with time duration where to develop their understanding for promotion of
better activity for completion of allotted project.
Task 4
Managing finances
Based on this discussion is based on an explanation of various aspects of making Hull city a
smart city. In this programme, there is a need to focus on issues related to funds and the
workforce. Some Smart City projects require the utilization of resources, uses of modern
resources, technology, and generate employability. To make a Smart city, the main objective
would be to provide metro cities facilities, street quality food, malls, entertainment places, tourist
spot, proper traffic facilities with proper public transport system, digital wellbeing sustainable
environment, good health and education facilities, affordable housing especially for middle-
income people or those who are having comes under poor category.

 Funds by Government: Under this aspect, the funds required to make the Smart City OS
project come through government sources. The government major arranges these funds
through taxes to maintain reserves in the past, issues the government securities, and
borrowings. The government is deciding how much funds should release. This can be
done after analysing the better project plans which prepared through different
government agencies. Its plays a major role in the financial reports to be prepared for
making agencies. The government also approach multinational business and foreign
investment funds to these type of project.
 Ground Level Funding arrangement: This type of funding arrangement arises through
public mediums are included in this section. It is regarded the fastest financial medium to
acquire funds in an effectively manner. This method is not suitable for huge amounts as
private financiers cannot give help through provide loans.
 Business partnerships: According to this concept of financial aspects of funds obtained
from the business partner for certain projects. The partner is from local or international
which enables of relational development. The firms can be work jointly with specific
project which enables with the maximum in capital. The firm can generate funds through
Mergers and acquisitions, Joint ventures, Collaboration.
 Bonds: Through this medium of financial aspects the fund better requirement by the way
of issuing bonds in the securities market. The bonds are generally a coupon and so it has
many time prefixed interest rates. Usually, bonds are issues from certain period with
prefixed interest rates. Therefore, sometimes this fundraising method becomes more
expensive as their high interest rates give the project huge losses.
 Better Infrastructure: This includes the physical proceeding for the construction of
smart city project. This is important to find out the areas in which the work to be done.
Also this analysis what work must presume to make a smart city like metro services, food
and beverages system, transportation, Wi-Fi etc.
 Technology: It is one of the most important aspects of the Smart City project. It is not
possible to make city smart if there is not the implementation of technologies. In making
Smart City, there is the requirement of advanced Artificial Intelligence resources that can
make people more flexible to utilize the resources. Automatic vehicles are the ones that
prevail digital base payment system, elevators in stations include the modern technology.

Task 5
Risk management with project:
RISK RISK LEVEL
(Low, Medium
and High)
LIKELIHOOD OF
EVENTS
MITIGATION
STRATEGY
Environment Risk: It
includes various hurdles
for managing the goal and
objective achievement.
Low This can be
accomplished within
allocated time period.
The City council has to
improvise conditions of
project and make
effective services.
Operational Risk: It is
related to time related to
involved presenting
various types of functional
activities. In this, the
manager of a specific
project has the potential to
undertake the risk to
avoid.
Moderate Likely to accomplish Need for betterment
and attainment of goals
in specified time frame.
Financial Risk:
According to this, risk is
the dangerous issue from
deficiency of better
business attainment. The
factor that come along in
financial segment that is
economic slowdown and
recession which enhanced
more implications in
particular project.
High Can it take place There are chances that
Council can be
shortened on currency.
There is various
outlook of financial
risk and other aspect of
management. There are
enough need of funds
which helps to
avoiding danger in risk.

Strategic Risk: It means
the operation related to be
risk impacts action and
implementation of project
activities.
Moderate Might be
Accomplishment
The task executive has
the responsibility to
manage the work
properly and attain
goals. Decisions are
made effectively order
to manage motivation
associated with the
better well-being of the
project.
Reputation Risk:
According to this risk, it
refers about to make
potential risk which
specific country or city
can handle to reduce risk
factors.
Low Might to happen The council is used for
managing crime rate
and working upon
attaining goals. To
maintain a positive
reputation image
project must follow
CSR activities and
business ethics to
creates more support to
engage positive image
in market in terms of
product and
performances.
Compliance Risk: The
cost and legal penalties
might result from a non-
accomplishment to adjust
program and a limitation
called compliance risk.
Moderate Might to be the
accomplishment
The organization might
follow essential legal
rules which regulated
through the
government. Those
rules and regulations

would help to lawful
duties.
Social Risk: The given
term “social risk” will
relate to any better action
that would impact the
community. Fraud,
grouping wellbeing
treatment and others.
Moderate It is likely to possible
implement
There are many risk
which involved in
society. Further,
municipal government
might provide citizens
with a high set of
knowledge and educate
them to better
enhancement and
benefits that Smart City
will delivers.
Human Resources Risk:
In this, the hired
candidates would not
contribute their efforts to
accomplish company
goals. Then, the company
must have faces a high
rate of challenges in terms
of project
accomplishment.
Moderate Likely to possible To mitigate these
challenges, human
resources need
essential resources and
provide training and
development practises
on which positive
outcomes could be
generated properly.
Lack of Resources: If
there is a shortage of
advanced or effective
resources, it creates
negative impact. But in
Smart City there would
not have any lack of
Low This might be
happened
As there is might be
efficient resources that
use in it. Artificial
intelligence is one of
effective way of
resources that make to
enhance more work

resources which can
prevent negative
challenges.
channelize manpower
effectiveness and also
increase better
competency.
Task 6 – Conflicts and Negotiation
Conflict in project management can take place because of the different factors and it is
important to take these factors into account and resolve the same so that there is no negative
impact on the outcomes of the project (Adeola and Ganiyu, 2020). In context to the respective
project, there are different potential conflict situations that can arise and have a negative impact
on the overall project. It is important to understand that a project has to be completed as part of a
team and it is important for the different team members to put in their best efforts so as to ensure
that the goals as well as objectives of the project are met. It can be said that it is important for the
project manager to ensure that all the team members are informed about their respective roles as
well as responsibilities. Effective communication will also play a crucial role in eliminating as
well as avoiding any kind of conflicts or negotiation. As already mentioned, there can be
different factors that can lead to an increased level of probability that there are conflicts among
the people who are a part of the project (Baker, 2020). Apart from this, it can also be said that if
there is ineffective leadership in the project, there can also be an impact on the overall
performance as well as the profitability. It can be said that ineffective leadership as well as
communication are the two major factors that can lead to conflict among the team members.
The conflicts should be resolved so as to avoid any kind of negative outcome and ensure
that the project activities and tasks are carried out smoothly. It can be said that the project
manager should define appropriate behaviour of the team members so that they are aware of the
same and have a clarity about it too. It is important to ensure that the project manager does not
jump to any conclusions immediately and rather try to understand the view point of the two team
members. This can have said to be one of the most efficient forms in which a conflict can be
eliminated. Also, collaboration among the team members should be promoted so that the team
members are comfortable in working as part of a team and put in their best efforts to complete
the project in an effective manner. various conflict management strategies should be

implemented so that overall efficiency can be improved and that the goals as well as objectives
of the respective project of Smart City OS in an effective.
Task 7 – Teamwork
Teamwork can be referred to as the collaborative efforts of the members of a team, to
achieve a common goal. It can be said that teamwork has become one of them most crucial
aspects for any project that is undertaken by a business. This is because when all team members
put in their best efforts to get the tasks done effectively, they are able to help in achieving the
goals as well as objectives of the project. Working in a group has various benefits for the venture
as well as the people (Khaldi and Erradi, 2020). This is because the employees get a chance to
beautify their information as well as increase new abilities from each other. The undertaking
supervisor plays a big role in constructing an especially a success group for the respective, Smart
City OS project. In order to build a team that is highly successful, the mission supervisor should
promote crew paintings a few of the group individuals in order that they're capable of paintings
collectively. Apart from this, balance within the team have to also be maintained and effective
verbal exchange need to also be promoted within the place of work. Apart from this, if you want
to build a various crew, the project manager has to sell inclusive of human beings belonging to
exceptional backgrounds as well as cultures. This is because it will assist in promoting average
morale in addition to confidence of the employees. Apart from this, it could be stated that there
may be numerous challenges that could arise due to running in numerous groups.
For example, there may be conditions of conflicts, disagreements and communication
issues. This is because it is able to have an impact on the overall performance or consequences of
the project. Another assignment is that there can be an impact on the overall choices which can
be taken by means of the crew participants of the undertaking manager (Kinelski, 2020). This
manner looking at the whole recruitment, interview, and on boarding tactics and noting viable
diversity blocks alongside the way.HR leaders can inspect the number of referrals that the
agency has employed and decide whether or not these humans are coming from the equal history
—education, race, intercourse, affiliations, and many others. If referrals are a showing a not
unusual element, HR can enforce measures to deprioritize worker referrals to pave the manner
for extra diverse work teams. The remaining issue HR leaders want is for employees to sense
that the efforts to construct numerous teams at work is only for display—a corporate charade to
appearance properly within the public eye. Companies who are extreme approximately variety

and inclusion need to strive to make their employees from marginalized organizations feel
valued and preferred.
Therefore, it can be said that effective teamwork should be promoted when the project is
undertaken so that the respective project of converting the Hull City into a smart city can be
completed in an effective manner. Not only this, it will also ensure that the project is completed
effectively. This is because the project manager will be able to track the success as well as
progress of each of the different activities that are undertaken during the project. Therefore, these
are some of the pros of promoting effective teamwork during the project so that the goals are
achieved effectively.
CONCLUSION
The above study summarised that the Smart City project is related to working on different
project management techniques which can easily get to contribute towards the various
understand aspect of project. In this project manager plays their duties to ensure essential
resources required in Smart City development and raise the standard of living. Various conflicts
and issues may arise in project and there is dealing with different projects. The project working
is working towards maximise in overall high effectiveness to achieved in right time.
Furthermore, detailed information described different risk factors and level of risk to be
overcome while making Smart City OS. Using Team building structure such as Tuckman model
has been assorted to examine how team is form in certain projects to attain more competitive
goals. Different challenges that elaborated on management to perform by commencing diverse
team to gain positive outcomes. Lack of resources, human resource risk, and other factors that
can be optimised for growth in further risk attainment to needed proper strategic solution to
overcome those risks or challenges. The breaking down of project tasks in small activities will
ensure higher effectiveness in all the project activities.

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