Project Management Techniques and Tools

This assignment delves into the world of project management, covering various techniques and tools used in the field. It includes references to books, articles, and online resources that provide insights into successful project management. The assignment also explores stakeholder power/interest matrices, work breakdown structures, and resource break down structures, highlighting their importance in project planning and execution. With a focus on practical application, this assignment aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage projects effectively.

Project Management
Techniques

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This, project is based on Turner & Townsend company which is a multinational
professional service company and it is specialized in programme management, project
management, cost management and consult across the infrastructure, property and natural
resources sector. Additionally this company carry out two project which is based on expansion of
5 more runways of Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport and on the renovation of Partick Glasgow
Subway metro station. Therefore to carry out both the project effectively alternative approaches
has been taken into consideration namely Rational Unified Process, Critical Chain Project
management and Extreme Project management approaches.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
Range of project management strategies................................................................................4
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................14
Outline plan and budget for project approval.......................................................................14
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................26
Reflection.............................................................................................................................26
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29

INTRODUCTION
Project refers to the set of activities which are organized in such a manner so that
required objective can be achieved and it may range from few months to few years depending on
the amount of work involved. Whereas project management techniques helps in ensuring that the
activities are organized appropriately in order to meet effective implementation of project plans.
The company which is being taken into consideration in order to carry out this case study is
Turner & Townsend. It is a multinational professional service company with its headquarter in
United Kingdom. In addition to this it is specialized in programme management, project
management, cost management and consult across the infrastructure, property and natural
resources sector (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 2018). Moreover, in order to carry out the case
study two project is being taken into consideration one of expansion of 5 more runways of Old
Park Farm Airstrip Airport. Th second project is renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway metro
station. This presented report explains about the range of project management and strategies used
for each project. In addition to this outline plan and budget of the project including WBS, RBS
and Gantt chart is being prepared in this report
TASK 1
Range of project management strategies
There is discussion about two project i.e. expansion of Old Park Talbot, Wales, UK and
Partick Glasgow Subway station for the purpose of its renovation. These projects have greater
scope because of development and renovation in infrastructure is beneficial for providing better
services to consumers. At Old Park Talbot airport, there are only 1 runway which creates
problems for consumer. Hence with this project, it is easy to provide better services to society
and it is easy to people residing at Wales to increase interconnectivity. This can be done with the
help of different project management strategies-
Traditional project management- This is the simplest strategy which helps to perform
operations with regular monitoring and coaching. In this strategy project, managers of Turner &
Townsend take feedback from personnel. This helps to know actual outcomes get from working
progress of construction of runway. This strategy is relevant because this helps to divide whole
task in different small groups and hence there is less waiting time and possibilities of duplication
of activities are less. With taking feedbacks it is easy to make changes which are important and

relevant for conducting actions according to get positive outcome. In construction of run way,
there are many activities such as planning of finance, pavement pathway, etc. so with this project
technique, it is easy to divide work among team mates.
Waterfall project management- This is the project management technique which is based
on negative approaches of traditional project management. As per this technique, every
individual belief that other personnel will complete task with due responsibility. With this project
managers of Turner & Townsend are able to get positive outcome from large organisation. There
are more opportunities for renovation of metro station and this helps to get best alternative to
perform work. Gantt Chart is used by managers of Turner & Townsend to divide task activities
and achieve objectives within specified time.
Apart from these, there are three other alternatives approaches of project techniques
which are taken into consideration by product manager of Turner & Townsend company for
construction of runway and renovation of metro station. They are discussed as under-
Extreme Project management- As per this project approach, development of web
software is done for long term project. This approach is costly but accuracy is more because
project name, number are assigned to different activities.
Critical Chain Project management- This is the join collaboration of both PERT and
CPM which helps to identify and record response of managers and other team mates. This helps
to know shortest possible way to complete project with use of data model and achieve cost
benefits.
Rational Unified Process- As per this software development project, this is important
and relevant for knowing actions in cyclic manner and feedback for future production activities.
While in case of Partick Glasgow Subway metro station, there is requirement of some
renovation in building and structure to improve loyalty of consumers. This is relevant and
significant for it competent to other stations and people tries to visit it more (Binder, 2016).
Hence in order to carry out this project Turner & Townsend company can adopt different
strategies which is specified below: PERT project management: This style of project management strategies best fit for those
project which is used for one-time manufacturing or development process which may
evolve or expand overtime. With its help company can measure progress and get the

things done on time. Thus, with this help project manager track their progress so as to
evaluate and estimate the time taken to complete the project.
 CPM project management: It specifically lays emphasis on task duration estimation and
dependencies. In addition to this with its help project manager of Turner & Townsend
company focuses on speeding up tasks through measurement and prioritization.
Moreover, by analysing the amount of time it would take to complete the project, project
manager can easily develop a clear picture about the overall time frame for the project.
Thus, by charting paths between tasks which totally rely upon the completion of earlier
tasks, project manager can compress a project into shortest possible amount of time.
Scope and deliverables of the projects
From this project, it is easy to provide satisfaction to consumers and people prefer to
avail services from them. This helps to provide them connectivity with international ports. There
is use of different aspects which are relevant and crucial for making changes according to
demand of consumers. There is project for renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway, then this
helps to provide latest and secure environment at station. This build clients station and this
makes long term relations with consumers.
Objectives behind this project is to provide good quality services to client. There is one
run way at Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport, so there is sometimes traffic of planes which affects
working style and hence people do not want to avail services from it. So in order to resolve this
issues, project for expansion of airport has been taken by Turner and Townsend company.
These project are beneficial for turner and Townsend company because they are able to
earn good profits and future growth prospect as they take into consideration the alternative
approach that is rational unified process. As with this approach company can work well with
cyclical projects which helps to integrate feedback from end users for future production cycle.
This helps to provide satisfaction to client (Burke, 2013). There is scope for connectivity of Old
Park Farm Airstrip Airport with international flights. With renovation of Partrick Glasgow
Subway Metro Station at Scotland it is able to represent at national level and more scope of
development can be increased. There are some changes which are required in infrastructure of
metro station to make alterations according to recent trends. There is requirement of some latest
services and techniques wants to provide to consumers. This helps to provide preferable services

to clients. There is economic as well as cultural growth of country which is important and
significant for making changes according to external market.
Deliverables of expansion of Airport is to provide different prospects which are important
for providing satisfaction to client and they prefer to avail services from this airport. With
increment in runways, there is ease for people to travel. People can easy to departure and arrival
for flights. This makes Wales airport to be most preferable in country. In case of Partrick
Glasgow Subway Metro Station, there are different policies such as weak building, lack of
facilities, etc. can be attained with renovation work. Hence it is agreeable by Turner and
Townsend company to sign contract through which condition of airport and Metro station gets
improved which assist in providing good services and improve flow of traffic (Cagliano,
Grimaldi and Rafele, 2015).
Role and contribution of stakeholders within the projects
Stakeholders refers to an individual, group or an organization who is impacted by the
outcome of a project. In addition to this it can be defined as the party who have interest in the
success of an organization or a project and can either affect or be affected by the business.
Therefore in order to carry out the two projects effectively and efficiently, stakeholders plays an
essential role as they care most about the company behaviour and their financial performance.
Thus, stakeholder are further categorized into two parts: Primary and Secondary stakeholders.
 Primary stakeholders: These type of stakeholder are those who have direct interest in a
company.
 Secondary stakeholders:These type of stake holder possess indirect interest in a company.
For example: investors who have decided to make investment in order to carry out both
the projects(expansion of old park farm airstrip airport and renovation of Patrick Glasgow
subway metro station) are referred to as primary stakeholders (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016).
Whereas, group representing Turner & Townsend company shareholder like general public,
business support group etc. are referred to as secondary stakeholder. Therefore, roles and
responsibilities of stakeholder get achieved only because while carrying out project the company
takes into consideration alternative approach that is critical chain project management approach.
As this approach help the project manager to reshape their teams and goals around budget and
constraints.

Turner & Townsend company can analyse the needs and interest of the stakeholder by
taking into consideration stakeholder power and their interest matrix. Therefore, power/interest
grid matrix contains four quadrants and each gives the indication of the level of stakeholder
management that the company have to employ.
Source: Stakeholder power/interest matrix, 2018
This grid shows stakeholders on a two by two matrix which explains about the strategies
to be employed so as to engage and manage them. In addition to this it also specifies about the
grouping of stakeholders on the basis of level of authority (power)and level of concern(interest)
in respect of project outcomes. Moreover, it is essential to identify and to classify the
stakeholders as they helps in developing appropriate strategies in order to manage effectively all
the stakeholders who are involved in a particular project. In addition to this it also renders clear
cut strategy, action oriented and workable plan so as to interact with all stakeholder in an
effective manner (Cleden, 2017). Thus it will result in maximizing the support and to minimize
the resistance. Furthermore, there are certain question which will help project manager of Turner
& Townsend company in identifying the interest of stakeholder. Like, what do stakeholder
expect from project, are there any conflicting interest which the stakeholder may possess while
carrying out project, are there any relationship conflict between stakeholders which can hinder
the project? Thus, by getting answer of all these question project managers can easily identify the
interest of stakeholders and can easily manage appropriately with the help of power/interest
Illustration 1: Stakeholder power/interest matrix

matrix in stakeholder prioritization. Therefore, it will reduce the project negative risk which may
be caused due to stakeholder mismanagement.
In addition to this effective stakeholder engagement strategy can be created by project
manager of Turner & Townsend company by following four main steps:
 Firstly, by analysing key stakeholders and mapping them into four main groups:
1. Low interest, low influence: these are those who need to be keep informed.
2. High interest, low influence: these are those to whom the project manager need to involve
and consult.
3. Low interest, high influence: It states that powerful stakeholders you need to engage.
4. High interest, high influence: It specifies the partner project manager need to collaborate
with.
 Secondly, to have clear purpose and it is termed to be key effective stakeholder
engagement. It means that if the project management will have clear vision of what they
want to achieve then the engagement process will become more meaningful (Hajdu,
2013).
 Thirdly, to map available tools so as to identify stakeholders, as after identifying clear
purpose, project manager must find the best tools to inform, consult and to collaborate
with them.
 Lastly, by choosing the most appropriate strategy methods and technologies so as to carry
out project effectively and efficiently without any hurdle.
Moreover, in order to achieve success in project management, project manager of Turner
& Townsend company must follow basic principles of project management which are specified
below:
 First principle of project management is that to have clear vision and mission of the
project as it helps in clarifying the expected outcome that need to be accomplished.
 Second principle is to create business objectives, means project manager must establish
two or three objectives for the project so as to increase sales and profit (Heagney, 2016).
 Third principle states that the project manager must set standard of stakeholders
engagement.
 Forth principle specifies that the project manager must determine the most suited
intervention so as to resolve the issues on which the stakeholders are working.

 Fifth, principle states to achieve organizational alignment. Therefore, to achieve this
ongoing communication must be employed in- person while team meeting are carried out
electronically via e-mail or e-learning or through training.
 Last major principle of project management is measurement and accountability.
Scorecard is the best method with the help of which project mange can evaluate
employees performance level.
Methodology used
Methodology is way to conduct research with proper research method and procedures.
There are different aspects which has to be conducted with the help of proper working which is
important and crucial to get solution of problem. Hence methodology is not a formula but this is
group of practices which helps to conduct research in appropriate and relevant manner (Kaiser,
El Arbi and Ahlemann, 2015).
In research methodology there are different aspects such as investigation type, research
design, approaches of research, data collection, etc. These are some different activities which are
part of research methodology. In these two project, there are different activities which helps to
perform research in effective and relevant manner. In addition to this project manager consider
alternative approach that is extreme project management as this techniques help in speeding up
the iterative cycles of rational projects management into daily or weekly processes. There is
requirement of knowledge about material, resources, etc. which has to be considered by
managers of Turner and Townsend to complete project on time.
With the help of research methodology, there is use of different aspects which are
relevant and effective for planning activities and then taking appropriate actions to achieve them.
With research methodology it is easy for managers of Turner and Townsend to develop new
ideas and perform in-depth analysis. Managers of Turner and Townsend use different prospects
such as online sources, books, business magazines, etc. to collect data related to projects. For
completion these projects, qualitative data is used which provides knowledge about different
aspects which are important and relevant for creating knowledge about it and hence it is possible
to deal with issues in effective and significant manner (Kendrick, 2013).
In conducting this research, descriptive approach is used for investigation because it
helps to provide detailed information about project and related terms. There is collection of data
with the help of secondary resources because of primary sources are time and cost consuming.

There is difference in perception of people, so this may misguide. Research design is done in
appropriate manner, so there is no confusion related to activities of research. Research design is
the process used to complete project within specified time. There is discussion about problem,
which may arise in making changes according to demand of project. In these project
experimental research is used to analysis whether performing research is relevant and beneficial
or not. In case of negative results, then working style gets changes.
Projects of renovation of metro station and expansion of airport may require change in
plans and policies. It is important because of difference in working style and change in external
environment. For instance, data is collected with secondary sources with qualitative approach.
Hence in this report, managers of Turner and Townsend Company workers can attain reviews of
respondents with primary source i.e. interview (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). This is more
authentic and it is easy to know perception of people for whose benefit project is conducted.
Hence in case of need, it is easy to make policies which are important and significant for making
policies for completing project as per reliability.
To conduct this project, there is use of different policies such as proper planning,
planning for budget, etc. which assist in making changes in project work and achieve it on time.
While conducting these projects, there is use of different policies to achieve proper outcome
from them. As per alteration, in working style of team mates, these aspects provide a guidance to
them and there is proper flow of one after another activity.
Project team management
Project team would be managed and can led to deliver the two important projects
(expansion of old park farm airstrip airport and renovation of Patrick Glasgow subway metro
station) through proper HR planning and accurate team structure. Human resource planning is a
technique which the project manager can use so as to identify current and future need of human
resource for an organization in order to achieve goals. In addition to this project manager should
also assign roles and responsibilities to each member accurately. Like the team leader
responsibility is to report directly to the project manager and should act as an initiator, model,
negotiator, listener and best coach to its subordinates (Marchewka, 2014). Additionally, project
manager should also ensure that the employees are accurately following the policies and
procedures which are to be taken into consideration so as to carry out project efficiently.
Moreover, the project manager of the company should also uses critical path project management

techniques too as it help in providing the clear picture about the overall picture of time frame for
a project. Thus accordingly manger will allot the project to the team members. Policies are
important in the workplace as it helps to clarify the expected standard of workforce and help
employers to manage staff more efficiently. By building high performance team as well a project
manager can effectively manage project team. Therefore it can be achieved by rendering best and
appropriate training and development session to the workforce so as to develop their knowledge
and skill power. Along with this, project manager can even manage the project team by
measuring the performance from time to time. Methods of performance measurement like result
oriented, quality oriented, behaviour oriented and many more. Thus, with all this techniques
manger can easily identify the quality work they are rendering to the company, the way they
behave to carry out the project. Therefore, it will help in increasing the performance level as well
as lead to increase in the productivity too. Lastly it can be said that project team can effectively
managed by the project manager if he render a perfect leader to its workforce. As leader is the
one who have the capability to motivate and influence workforce so as to work towards
achieving common goal of an organization. In addition to this good leader is one who uses
different styles of leadership as per the situation demand (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016).
Different style of leadership which a leader of project team can uses are autocratic leadership
style, participative leadership style, delegative leadership style and many more. Autocratic
leadership style is one who render clear expectation to their employees about what they need to
do, when it should be done and how it can be done. Participative leadership style is also known
as democratic style in which the leader offers guidance to its members and also participate in the
group and allow input from other group members too. Whereas delegative leadership style refers
to to style where the leader offer no guidance to its group members and leave decision making up
to group members.
Monitoring of project with the change in management process
There are two project i.e. expansion of Patrick Glasgow Subway metro station at
Scotland and renovation of Old Park Farm Airstrip, Wales are managed and monitored. There
are different strategies which are formed to manage project to achieve aims and objectives i.e.
expansion and renovation. It is important to monitor project which helps to implement policies in
relevant manner.

There are some changes which has to be made according to external environment, so it is
important to manage all the resources which are required to complete the project. There is
requirement of time cost, risk quality, etc. which assist in maintaining changes according to
external environment. There are different personnel which are working for both the projects
hence it is important to use proper communication channel which helps to provide appropriate
information and idea to concern personnel (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017).
Apart from this, there is requirement of technical assistance such as internet, proper data
collection, computer software to store data, etc. which helps to perform operations in effective
and relevant manner. Employees of Turner and Townsend company are educated with latest
techniques through which they are able to perform project related activities n more appropriate
and effective manner. This also helps in monitoring of activities of completing project. As per
change in activities of project, there is use of different prospects which are significant for
attaining objectives i.e. renovation of metro station at Scotland and expansion of Old Park Farm
Airstrip.
There are two different projects which are managed and run by managers of Turner and
Townsend company. This is the company who have two different teams which are working and
monitoring projects for achieving objectives and maintaining proper changes in working style.
There is team of 12 team mates who have knowledge about different technical aspects, so it is
easy to complete project on time within specified limit. There is some specified budget set by
managers of Turner and Townsend company to make changes which are relevant and significant
for making changes according to external environment.
Controlling of project activities is important because it is important and relevant for
achieving targets within specified limit. Controlling can be done with the help of proper planning
and regular evaluation off business. This is relevant and significant to accomplish project within
specified time. Budget is set by managers of Turner and Townsend company for expansion and
modification of airport and metro station respectively. With controlling budget, it is easy for
managers to complete with specified time and they are able to earn good profits. With controlling
it is easy to make synchronisation in activities of team mates and they perform operations up to
the mark. With controlling, there is fear in mind of employees of Turner and Townsend that they
can be evaluated and hence they give their best. This helps to improve outcome of all over
projects. Moreover, Rational Unified Process can use by managers of Turner & Townsend to

complete and achieve objectives of new project because there is synchronisation in activities of
project and big team can work in appropriate and synchronisation manner.
Controlling is done by managers of Turner and Town send with the help of regular
investigation, feedbacks are taken with employees, sudden visit at sites, etc. are the ways of
controlling quality and style of working. This helps to perform operations in effective and
satisfactory manner. There are good controlling techniques used by managers, so it is relevant
and crucial for making changes according to different aspects (Turner, 2016.).
There is requirement of some alterations in controlling process such as proper
documentation of incoming and outgoing of resources. This helps in optimal utilisation of
resources and cost can be maintained. Quality of material used in expansion and renovation of
airport and metro station. This helps to make best quality outcome and hence it is easy to make
changes according to market trends. This helps to provide best services to society in the form of
good quality infrastructure and runway. With controlling of project activities, there are
possibilities of less risk which assist in making alterations according to different policies
according to external changes. With controlling but the project is completed on time and within
specified budget. Quality aspect is also important and relevant in completing both project for
attaining targets with proper instructions.
TASK 2
Outline plan and budget for project approval
In order to carry out the two projects (expansion of old park farm airstrip airport and
renovation of Patrick Glasgow subway metro station) project manager of Turner & Townsend
company must outline accurate plan and budget for project approval. Thus, in order to carry out
budget approval appropriately, project manager should prepare Work break down
structure(WBS), Resource break down structure(RBS) and Gantt chart.
Work break down structure (WBS): It is defined as a visual tool which is used by
project manager of Turner & Townsend company so as to define and track a project deliverable
as well as to identify the small components which are needed to create it.
It is specifically used by project manager as it provides a visual representation of all parts
of a project, it offers an ongoing view for management about how the entire project is
progressing (Verzuh, 2015). In addition to this it also helps in defining specific and measurable

outcomes. Moreover, it is advantageous because it breaks the work into manageable chunks and
provide a way to make successful experiences repeatable. Additionally, it set a foundation so as
to estimate cost and to allocate human or other resources appropriately. Most important of all it
minimizes the chances of adding items outside the scope of work.
Work break down structure for runway:
(Source: Tabular work break down structure, 2014)
Illustration 2: Tabular work break down structure

Illustration 3: Graphical work break down structure

Work break structure for renovation of Metro Station
(Source: WBS Structure for renovation of Metro Structure, 2018)
In addition to the above benefits, it can be stated that it is also helps full to improve the
processes and culture of whole organization. It includes that with the help of WBS organization
can quickly calculate the budget for whole department. In addition to this as the project progress
team can easily track specific sections of the work break down structure in order to determine
project cost performance.
WBS can be constructed by project manager, firstly by determining the major
deliverables or products to be produces like training program needs statement, training program
design, program testing etc. After this divide each of the major deliverables into its components.
Like training program need statement is being chosen then under this interview of potential
participants, a review of materials discussing the needs for the program need to be determined.
Them divide each of these work pieces into its components parts. Like Interview of potential
Illustration 4: WBS Structure for renovation of Metro Structure

participants is being chosen the in that case project manager must produce selected interviewees,
interview questionnaire, report of interview findings etc.
Resource break down structure(RBS): it is defined as a hierarchical model which is
used by project manager of Turner & Townsend company so as to identify, list and break down
resources which are used to facilitate and complete a project. In addition to this it is defined as an
internal part of any effective project management in broad and resource management in specific.
Managing any type of project means organizing project resources and project components. For
example, managing project team members means to ensure that they are strategically productive
throughout the life cycle of project.
Resource break down structure for expansion of runaway:
Source:Resource break down structure,(2013)
Illustration 5: Resource break down structure

Resource break down structure for renovation of metro station:
Source: Resource break down structure for renovation,(2018)
Resource breakdown structure is increasingly incorporated in project management
software by Turner & Townsend company. RBS user can simply just log-in the software and
can easily view the availability of resources. Thus, it helps to seek precise set of details from
exhaustive database of an entire organization resource inputs.
Budget: A project budget refers to the total amount of authorized financial resources
which are allocated for a specific purposes of the sponsored project for a specific time period. In
addition to this it is defined as the primary financial document which constitute the necessary
funds required for implementing the project and for producing the deliverables (Neves and et. al.,
2014). In order to carry out both the project effectively and efficiently project manager of Turner
& Townsend company must prepare an accurate budget. As appropriate budget helps in
establishing guidelines, because having a budget allows to establish main objectives. In addition
to this it also helps in cost estimating, as once the budget is placed then the project manager must
determine how much funds can be spent on each component of the project. Moreover, it also
helps in prioritizing the different parts of the project. In order to carry out expansion of 5 more
runways of Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport project the estimated cost is 450£. Whereas, for
renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway metro station project the estimated cost is 400£
Illustration 6: Resource break down structure for renovation

Runway project budget
Particulars Amount (£)
Initial infrastructural cost 2000000
Investment 750000
Total cost (a) 2750000
Other raw material expenses 1200000
labour cost 150000
Salary to supervisor 250000
Maintenance cost 132000
Loose and tools 522000
Total Expenses (b) 2254000
profit 496000
Metro project budget
Particulars Amount (£)
Initial infrastructural cost of metro station 1200000
Investment 500000
Total cost (a) 1700000
Other raw material expenses 5000
labour cost 250000
Salary to supervisor 250000
Maintenance cost 112000
Loose and tools 125000
Total Expenses (b) 742000
profit 958000

Gantt chart: It is defined as a horizontal bar chart which provide a graphical
representation of different activities which are to be carried out by the project manager of Turner
& Townsend company. In addition to this it also provides a schedule which helps in planing,
coordinating and track specific tasks in a project.
In order to expand 5 runways of old park farm airstrip airport project, different activities which
are to be carried out by Turner & Townsend company with a time scale is:
Construction Program- 3 months
Project Commencement- 5 months
Phase 1 - Upgrade of 14/32 runway- 62 days
Phase 2 - Early Works- 2 months
Phase 3 - Reclamation Works- 6 months
Phase 3 - Surcharging Period- 4 months
Phase 4 - Pavement and Civil Works- 8 months
Completion- 5 months

Whereas, for renovation of Patrick Glasgow Subway metro station project the different
activities which are to be carried out by project manager of Turner & Townsend company with
its time scale is specified below:
 Determine the project requirements- 6 months
 Determine the condition of the source files and databases- 2 months
 Determine or revise the cost estimates- 1 month
 Revise the risk assessment- 2 months

 Identify critical success factors- 1 month
 Prepare the project charter- 4 months
 Create a high-level project plan- 3 months
 Kick off the project- 8 months

TASK 3
Reflection
While conducting this research, there is requirement of different aspects and policies
which are relevant and signifiant for maintaining project activities according to external
environment. There are some skills which are important to conduct this research such as
knowledge about external market, information about data collection, literature review of relevant
topic, etc. While conducting this research I feel that there is requirement of requirement of good
communication skills, ability to think critically, technical knowledge, knowledge about graphical
representation, ability to plan and schedule activities, etc. are some key skills which are required
by personnel to conduct research. In order to make research successful, I feel that there are some
competencies required such as Statistical and Graphical Analysis of Data, strategic vision,
managing performance, etc. While conducting this research I feel that there is requirement of
different skills such as knowledge about research methodology, to deal with adverse situation,
controlling, regular check, etc. which helps t get positive outcome. I was pre planned regarding
activities of project, but sometime due to external changes, there is requirement of some
alterations which affects my working style, hence I feel that researcher must be innovative so he
must be ready to take new initiatives according to deal with modification.
I advise some skills in effective project manager which are discussed as under-
Skills Reasons Training and development
Communication Communication skill is one of the With the help of training and

skill important aspect which I recommend
to sharp. There are different team
mates which work to attain aims and
objective of project, so it is important
to convey them information with
written or oral communication. There
is difference in perception of
individuals, so with inter personal
skills, it is easy to understand what
must be done.
development with different sources
such as online sources, books,
seminars or conferences, etc. Hence
this helps to improve written and oral
communication such as meetings, e-
mail writing, notice board, etc.
Interviewing
skill
Interview skills are also important for
successful researcher because in case
data is collected with the help of
interview, then it is important to have
ability about interviewing personnel.
There is requirement of different
technical personnel, so it is easy to
hire candidates with proper
interviewing skills.
This skill can be improved with
different training and development
aspects such as live session, books
and videos of different famous
researcher. This helps to know what
has to be asked and how it is
answered.
Knowledge
about research
methodology
In research, research method is one of
the important and crucial aspect. This
helps to perform research in authentic
and relevant manner. Research
methodology includes different
aspects such as research design,
investigation, data collection, etc. This
helps to accomplish research with
appropriate manner.
Knowledge about different research
aspects can be polished with different
books, online sources, etc. This helps
to know relevance of different
methods and appropriate manner to
implement it.
Statistical and
Graphical
Data which is collected from project
are represented in the form graphs,
This skill can be achieved with the
help of different books, online classes,

Analysis of
Data
chart because it is easy to provide
knowledge about it. Hence this
knowledge is important for being
effective researcher.
seminars, etc.
Team leading Research cannot be performed with
the help of single person. There is a
team which works to achieve
objectives and aims. Hence team
leading is important because it is
essential to make team mates to
perform operations in synchronise
way.
This skills can be improved with
practical knowledge with the help of
some superior or live demo sessions.
CONCLUSION
In this project, there is discussion about renovation of Patrick Glasgow Subway metro
station and expansion of Old Park Farm Airstrip. There are different activities such as knowledge
about assigning of project, knowledge about cost and time to complete project, role of
stakeholders, cost of expansion such as approx. 450£, research methodology, etc. are discussed.
There is discussion about different aspects team framing such as planning about HR policies,
roles and responsibilities of candidates, etc. are covered. While conducting research, there are
different factors which may affects project for instance: there are possibilities of exceed of time
to complete project, etc. There is discussion about different activities of project such as
Determine the condition of the source files and databases, Determine or revise the cost estimates,
Revise the risk assessment, Identify critical success factors, etc. with the help of Gantt chart. At
last there is reflection on skills, knowledge competence required to complete research such as
communication skills, team leading, etc. are discussed.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Online
Stakeholder power/interest matrix. 2018. [Online]. Available
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interest-grid-The-gird-shows-stakeholders-on-a_fig2_275894050>.
Work break down structure. 2014. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/work-breakdown-structure-101.php>.
Resource break down structure. 2014. [Online]. Available through:
<http://resourcebreakdownstructure.blogspot.com/2013/06/resource-breakdown-
structure.html>.

Resource break down structure for rennovation. 2014. [Online]. Available
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