Project Management Techniques

This project is based on Turner & Townsend company and discusses the range of project management strategies used for the expansion of Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport and renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway metro station. It also explores the role and contribution of stakeholders in the projects.

Project Management
Techniques

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This, project is based on Turner & Townsend company which is a multinational
professional service company and it is specialized in programme management, project
management, cost management and consult across the infrastructure, property and natural
resources sector. Additionally this company carry out two project which is based on expansion of
5 more runways of Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport and on the renovation of Partick Glasgow
Subway metro station. Therefore to carry out both the project effectively alternative approaches
has been taken into consideration namely Rational Unified Process, Critical Chain Project
management and Extreme Project management approaches.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
Range of project management strategies................................................................................4
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................14
Outline plan and budget for project approval.......................................................................14
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................26
Reflection.............................................................................................................................26
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29

INTRODUCTION
Project refers to the set of activities which are organized in such a manner so that
required objective can be achieved and it may range from few months to few years depending on
the amount of work involved. Whereas project management techniques helps in ensuring that the
activities are organized appropriately in order to meet effective implementation of project plans.
The company which is being taken into consideration in order to carry out this case study is
Turner & Townsend. It is a multinational professional service company with its headquarter in
United Kingdom. In addition to this it is specialized in programme management, project
management, cost management and consult across the infrastructure, property and natural
resources sector (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 2018). Moreover, in order to carry out the case
study two project is being taken into consideration one of expansion of 5 more runways of Old
Park Farm Airstrip Airport. Th second project is renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway metro
station. This presented report explains about the range of project management and strategies used
for each project. In addition to this outline plan and budget of the project including WBS, RBS
and Gantt chart is being prepared in this report
TASK 1
Range of project management strategies
There is discussion about two project i.e. expansion of Old Park Talbot, Wales, UK and
Partick Glasgow Subway station for the purpose of its renovation. These projects have greater
scope because of development and renovation in infrastructure is beneficial for providing better
services to consumers. At Old Park Talbot airport, there are only 1 runway which creates
problems for consumer. Hence with this project, it is easy to provide better services to society
and it is easy to people residing at Wales to increase interconnectivity. This can be done with the
help of different project management strategies-
Traditional project management- This is the simplest strategy which helps to perform
operations with regular monitoring and coaching. In this strategy project, managers of Turner &
Townsend take feedback from personnel. This helps to know actual outcomes get from working
progress of construction of runway. This strategy is relevant because this helps to divide whole
task in different small groups and hence there is less waiting time and possibilities of duplication
of activities are less. With taking feedbacks it is easy to make changes which are important and

relevant for conducting actions according to get positive outcome. In construction of run way,
there are many activities such as planning of finance, pavement pathway, etc. so with this project
technique, it is easy to divide work among team mates.
Waterfall project management- This is the project management technique which is based
on negative approaches of traditional project management. As per this technique, every
individual belief that other personnel will complete task with due responsibility. With this project
managers of Turner & Townsend are able to get positive outcome from large organisation. There
are more opportunities for renovation of metro station and this helps to get best alternative to
perform work. Gantt Chart is used by managers of Turner & Townsend to divide task activities
and achieve objectives within specified time.
Apart from these, there are three other alternatives approaches of project techniques
which are taken into consideration by product manager of Turner & Townsend company for
construction of runway and renovation of metro station. They are discussed as under-
Extreme Project management- As per this project approach, development of web
software is done for long term project. This approach is costly but accuracy is more because
project name, number are assigned to different activities.
Critical Chain Project management- This is the join collaboration of both PERT and
CPM which helps to identify and record response of managers and other team mates. This helps
to know shortest possible way to complete project with use of data model and achieve cost
benefits.
Rational Unified Process- As per this software development project, this is important
and relevant for knowing actions in cyclic manner and feedback for future production activities.
While in case of Partick Glasgow Subway metro station, there is requirement of some
renovation in building and structure to improve loyalty of consumers. This is relevant and
significant for it competent to other stations and people tries to visit it more (Binder, 2016).
Hence in order to carry out this project Turner & Townsend company can adopt different
strategies which is specified below: PERT project management: This style of project management strategies best fit for those
project which is used for one-time manufacturing or development process which may
evolve or expand overtime. With its help company can measure progress and get the

things done on time. Thus, with this help project manager track their progress so as to
evaluate and estimate the time taken to complete the project.
 CPM project management: It specifically lays emphasis on task duration estimation and
dependencies. In addition to this with its help project manager of Turner & Townsend
company focuses on speeding up tasks through measurement and prioritization.
Moreover, by analysing the amount of time it would take to complete the project, project
manager can easily develop a clear picture about the overall time frame for the project.
Thus, by charting paths between tasks which totally rely upon the completion of earlier
tasks, project manager can compress a project into shortest possible amount of time.
Scope and deliverables of the projects
From this project, it is easy to provide satisfaction to consumers and people prefer to
avail services from them. This helps to provide them connectivity with international ports. There
is use of different aspects which are relevant and crucial for making changes according to
demand of consumers. There is project for renovation of Partick Glasgow Subway, then this
helps to provide latest and secure environment at station. This build clients station and this
makes long term relations with consumers.
Objectives behind this project is to provide good quality services to client. There is one
run way at Old Park Farm Airstrip Airport, so there is sometimes traffic of planes which affects
working style and hence people do not want to avail services from it. So in order to resolve this
issues, project for expansion of airport has been taken by Turner and Townsend company.
These project are beneficial for turner and Townsend company because they are able to
earn good profits and future growth prospect as they take into consideration the alternative
approach that is rational unified process. As with this approach company can work well with
cyclical projects which helps to integrate feedback from end users for future production cycle.
This helps to provide satisfaction to client (Burke, 2013). There is scope for connectivity of Old
Park Farm Airstrip Airport with international flights. With renovation of Partrick Glasgow
Subway Metro Station at Scotland it is able to represent at national level and more scope of
development can be increased. There are some changes which are required in infrastructure of
metro station to make alterations according to recent trends. There is requirement of some latest
services and techniques wants to provide to consumers. This helps to provide preferable services

to clients. There is economic as well as cultural growth of country which is important and
significant for making changes according to external market.
Deliverables of expansion of Airport is to provide different prospects which are important
for providing satisfaction to client and they prefer to avail services from this airport. With
increment in runways, there is ease for people to travel. People can easy to departure and arrival
for flights. This makes Wales airport to be most preferable in country. In case of Partrick
Glasgow Subway Metro Station, there are different policies such as weak building, lack of
facilities, etc. can be attained with renovation work. Hence it is agreeable by Turner and
Townsend company to sign contract through which condition of airport and Metro station gets
improved which assist in providing good services and improve flow of traffic (Cagliano,
Grimaldi and Rafele, 2015).
Role and contribution of stakeholders within the projects
Stakeholders refers to an individual, group or an organization who is impacted by the
outcome of a project. In addition to this it can be defined as the party who have interest in the
success of an organization or a project and can either affect or be affected by the business.
Therefore in order to carry out the two projects effectively and efficiently, stakeholders plays an
essential role as they care most about the company behaviour and their financial performance.
Thus, stakeholder are further categorized into two parts: Primary and Secondary stakeholders.
 Primary stakeholders: These type of stakeholder are those who have direct interest in a
company.
 Secondary stakeholders:These type of stake holder possess indirect interest in a company.
For example: investors who have decided to make investment in order to carry out both
the projects(expansion of old park farm airstrip airport and renovation of Patrick Glasgow
subway metro station) are referred to as primary stakeholders (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016).
Whereas, group representing Turner & Townsend company shareholder like general public,
business support group etc. are referred to as secondary stakeholder. Therefore, roles and
responsibilities of stakeholder get achieved only because while carrying out project the company
takes into consideration alternative approach that is critical chain project management approach.
As this approach help the project manager to reshape their teams and goals around budget and
constraints.

Turner & Townsend company can analyse the needs and interest of the stakeholder by
taking into consideration stakeholder power and their interest matrix. Therefore, power/interest
grid matrix contains four quadrants and each gives the indication of the level of stakeholder
management that the company have to employ.
Source: Stakeholder power/interest matrix, 2018
This grid shows stakeholders on a two by two matrix which explains about the strategies
to be employed so as to engage and manage them. In addition to this it also specifies about the
grouping of stakeholders on the basis of level of authority (power)and level of concern(interest)
in respect of project outcomes. Moreover, it is essential to identify and to classify the
stakeholders as they helps in developing appropriate strategies in order to manage effectively all
the stakeholders who are involved in a particular project. In addition to this it also renders clear
cut strategy, action oriented and workable plan so as to interact with all stakeholder in an
effective manner (Cleden, 2017). Thus it will result in maximizing the support and to minimize
the resistance. Furthermore, there are certain question which will help project manager of Turner
& Townsend company in identifying the interest of stakeholder. Like, what do stakeholder
expect from project, are there any conflicting interest which the stakeholder may possess while
carrying out project, are there any relationship conflict between stakeholders which can hinder
the project? Thus, by getting answer of all these question project managers can easily identify the
Illustration 1: Stakeholder power/interest matrix

interest of stakeholders and can easily manage appropriately with the help of power/interest
matrix in stakeholder prioritization. Therefore, it will reduce the project negative risk which may
be caused due to stakeholder mismanagement.
In addition to this effective stakeholder engagement strategy can be created by project
manager of Turner & Townsend company by following four main steps:
 Firstly, by analysing key stakeholders and mapping them into four main groups:
1. Low interest, low influence: these are those who need to be keep informed.
2. High interest, low influence: these are those to whom the project manager need to involve
and consult.
3. Low interest, high influence: It states that powerful stakeholders you need to engage.
4. High interest, high influence: It specifies the partner project manager need to collaborate
with.
 Secondly, to have clear purpose and it is termed to be key effective stakeholder
engagement. It means that if the project management will have clear vision of what they
want to achieve then the engagement process will become more meaningful (Hajdu,
2013).
 Thirdly, to map available tools so as to identify stakeholders, as after identifying clear
purpose, project manager must find the best tools to inform, consult and to collaborate
with them.
 Lastly, by choosing the most appropriate strategy methods and technologies so as to carry
out project effectively and efficiently without any hurdle.
Moreover, in order to achieve success in project management, project manager of Turner
& Townsend company must follow basic principles of project management which are specified
below:
 First principle of project management is that to have clear vision and mission of the
project as it helps in clarifying the expected outcome that need to be accomplished.
 Second principle is to create business objectives, means project manager must establish
two or three objectives for the project so as to increase sales and profit (Heagney, 2016).
 Third principle states that the project manager must set standard of stakeholders
engagement.

 Forth principle specifies that the project manager must determine the most suited
intervention so as to resolve the issues on which the stakeholders are working.
 Fifth, principle states to achieve organizational alignment. Therefore, to achieve this
ongoing communication must be employed in- person while team meeting are carried out
electronically via e-mail or e-learning or through training.
 Last major principle of project management is measurement and accountability.
Scorecard is the best method with the help of which project mange can evaluate
employees performance level.
Methodology used
Methodology is way to conduct research with proper research method and procedures.
There are different aspects which has to be conducted with the help of proper working which is
important and crucial to get solution of problem. Hence methodology is not a formula but this is
group of practices which helps to conduct research in appropriate and relevant manner (Kaiser,
El Arbi and Ahlemann, 2015).
In research methodology there are different aspects such as investigation type, research
design, approaches of research, data collection, etc. These are some different activities which are
part of research methodology. In these two project, there are different activities which helps to
perform research in effective and relevant manner. In addition to this project manager consider
alternative approach that is extreme project management as this techniques help in speeding up
the iterative cycles of rational projects management into daily or weekly processes. There is
requirement of knowledge about material, resources, etc. which has to be considered by
managers of Turner and Townsend to complete project on time.
With the help of research methodology, there is use of different aspects which are
relevant and effective for planning activities and then taking appropriate actions to achieve them.
With research methodology it is easy for managers of Turner and Townsend to develop new
ideas and perform in-depth analysis. Managers of Turner and Townsend use different prospects
such as online sources, books, business magazines, etc. to collect data related to projects. For
completion these projects, qualitative data is used which provides knowledge about different
aspects which are important and relevant for creating knowledge about it and hence it is possible
to deal with issues in effective and significant manner (Kendrick, 2013).

In conducting this research, descriptive approach is used for investigation because it
helps to provide detailed information about project and related terms. There is collection of data
with the help of secondary resources because of primary sources are time and cost consuming.
There is difference in perception of people, so this may misguide. Research design is done in
appropriate manner, so there is no confusion related to activities of research. Research design is
the process used to complete project within specified time. There is discussion about problem,
which may arise in making changes according to demand of project. In these project
experimental research is used to analysis whether performing research is relevant and beneficial
or not. In case of negative results, then working style gets changes.
Projects of renovation of metro station and expansion of airport may require change in
plans and policies. It is important because of difference in working style and change in external
environment. For instance, data is collected with secondary sources with qualitative approach.
Hence in this report, managers of Turner and Townsend Company workers can attain reviews of
respondents with primary source i.e. interview (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). This is more
authentic and it is easy to know perception of people for whose benefit project is conducted.
Hence in case of need, it is easy to make policies which are important and significant for making
policies for completing project as per reliability.
To conduct this project, there is use of different policies such as proper planning,
planning for budget, etc. which assist in making changes in project work and achieve it on time.
While conducting these projects, there is use of different policies to achieve proper outcome
from them. As per alteration, in working style of team mates, these aspects provide a guidance to
them and there is proper flow of one after another activity.