Project Management: Systems Thinking, Engineering, and Application Systems

This document discusses the concepts of systems thinking, systems engineering, and application systems in project management. It explores the importance of planning, executing, and closing goals in a project. The learning outcomes cover topics such as systems thinking, tools and techniques for systems thinking, the relativity of systems engineering to project cases, and the role of project, program, and portfolio management in systems engineering. It also highlights the benefits of project management information systems and how they help in planning, executing, and closing goals in a project.

Running head: PROJECT MANAGEMET
PROJECT MANAGEMET
NAME OF Student
Name of University
Author’s Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction and summary of outcomes.................................................................................................2
Learning outcome 1...............................................................................................................................2
Summary...........................................................................................................................................2
Evidence............................................................................................................................................2
Learning outcome 2...............................................................................................................................3
Summary...........................................................................................................................................3
Evidence............................................................................................................................................3
Learning outcome 3...............................................................................................................................3
Summary...........................................................................................................................................3
Evidence............................................................................................................................................4
Learning outcome 4...............................................................................................................................4
Summary...........................................................................................................................................4
Evidence............................................................................................................................................5
Learning outcome 5...............................................................................................................................5
Summary...........................................................................................................................................5
Evidence............................................................................................................................................5
Learning outcome 6...............................................................................................................................5
Summary...........................................................................................................................................5
Evidence............................................................................................................................................6
Learning outcome 7...............................................................................................................................6
Summary...........................................................................................................................................6
Evidence............................................................................................................................................7
Learning outcome 8...............................................................................................................................8
Summary...........................................................................................................................................8
Evidence............................................................................................................................................8
Learning outcome 9...............................................................................................................................9
Summary...........................................................................................................................................9
Evidence............................................................................................................................................9
Learning outcome 10.............................................................................................................................9
Summary...........................................................................................................................................9
Evidence..........................................................................................................................................10
Discussion and Conclusion..................................................................................................................10
Recommendations...............................................................................................................................10
References...........................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction and summary of outcomes
From the portfolio it can be derived that manual PPPM can help a specific
organization in the process of undertaking better practices for taking effective decisions.
These decisions are to be undertaken for choosing techniques and tools that could be used for
the execution of a specific project. It would also help in the selection of the overall amount of
the resources which should be use2d for working on a particular project. This part presents an
introduction to the concept of systems thinking, systems engineering and systems
management principles, system management conceits, tools along with various strategies of a
specific project, program and portfolio managers. The main concept of discussion in this
particular part is contemporary development in the utilization of the project, program and
portfolio, the aspects invest in the analysis of the invention in modern time.
Learning outcome 1
Summary
In the first learning outcome, the concept of systems is described. System is a set of
interactive subsystem and it is arranged in an appropriate manner for providing an uncommon
synergistic characteristics like closed system along with open system along with extended
system. The next objective which has been highlighted in this particular part include a
specific project that is a particular action for meeting the form of a particular item or a
specific administration. In this learning outcome, we also learn regarding the systems
thinking as well as systems engineering.
Evidence
Systems thinking could be described as a specific order for the purpose of considering
whole when opposed to the parts, in noticing various examples for the progress in the place

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of previews that are static, besides this for the purpose of understanding interconnections that
are inconspicuous in nature and which provides frameworks to the special character.
Learning outcome 2
Summary
Further knowledge regarding system thinking’s has been obtained from this learning
outcome. Systems thinking is a specific holistic approach for the method of analysis which
aims on a specific way using which the constituent section of this entire system relates. It
further contracts with the analysis that is traditional nature, this studies the entire system with
the help of dividing into numerous elements. One more topic that is discussed include various
steps which can be utilized for solving numerous problems such as narrating a specific story
in a special manner, drawing a specific behaviour on numerous time graphs, producing a
specific focus treatment.
Evidence
It provides knowledge about the numerous tools as well as techniques that can be
utilized for making the systems thinking work according to the actor mapping, timeline
mapping, eco style mapping, trend mapping and many more. It further discusses regarding
conventional project management, on the basis of conventional project management, program
portfolio management is considered to be a specific solution for solving numerous issues
within a project.
Learning outcome 3
Summary
In the next learning outcome it discusses regarding the relativity of the systems
engineering to numerous project cases. It describes that systems engineering is usually

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introduced for systems theory as well as systems engineering approaches for preventing
various accidents that are foreseeable and as a result minimize numerous outcomes of the
ones that are still unforseen. The reference of the article that is related to this particular idea is
provided in this document. It further discuses regarding the findings obtained from Chief
Counsel’s Report. The information that was retrieved from the chief counsel’s report had
depicted that BP did not have enough knowledge about the entire project, program as well as
portfolio management along with systems engineering.
Evidence
It discusses regarding the fact that the concept of systems engineering could be
utilized by various managers of project for the purpose of solving issues in various ways. It
further represents the difference among the methodologies and concept. There is a thin
difference between them and this difference had been retrieved in this learning outcome.
There are numerous portions in SEBoK which explains in details regarding the ideologies of
methodology and concept. There are various ideas that are common about project, program
and portfolio management.
Learning outcome 4
Summary
One more topic that has been discussed include project, program and portfolio
management. Project, program as well as portfolio management is linked to the systems
engineering in numerous ways. Along with the usage of systems engineering the concept of
project management would help various people in the process of managing a specific
individual project, in case of project management, various users tend to manage numerous
similar projects.

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Evidence
This is acquired from numerous sources that are external in nature such as journals
and articles. Some more knowledge have been acquired regarding the issues that had been
tackled by BP with Deep water horizon as well as Texas City disasters. In these the disasters
had occurred because they did not allow various catastrophes for occurring due to ignorance,
besides this they had also agreed in killing people along with harming the overall
environment.
Learning outcome 5
Summary
Concept of application system has also been discussed, a specific application system
has a specific business logic, interface along with database of a specific type. It discusses the
fact of why BP had implemented project, program and portfolio management and hence solve
their issues regarding planning of the resources like money that is to be invested in a specific
project. This decision making is though not very simple in nature. It needs numerous capable
authorities that are specialists in this specific field of the project management.
Evidence
This portfolio provides the knowledge regarding the issues or inhibitors for project
satisfaction. Further it can be stated that the problem as well as inhibitors along with the
realization of project includes the concept of momentum, Naysayers and access.
Learning outcome 6
Summary
It further presents the fact that a specific application system tends to support
numerous applications like Enterprise resource planning, point of scale, relationship

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management, point of sale, business process management, budgeting as well as estimating,
the management of legal substance and human resources and some more. In this specific
process, the management of knowledge would help in the process of solving most of the
problems faced in business along with helping numerous companies with increased benefits
with the help of improving the decisions of the business.
Evidence
It provides the data regarding what is required to be in proper place for making proper
decisions, this is because the process of decision making tends to affect the complete set of
operations of the organization. The decision that is supposed to be carried out would be
dependent on the current state of this particular organization.
Learning outcome 7
Summary
This sections asks if there are cases when human beings had to read as well as write
on paper, there have been numerous cases where human beings needed to read as well as
write on paper. For example if a document is prepared that includes numerous plans that is
supposed to be followed by the entire organization, en employee requires numerous changes
within them, in this particular case, the individual would need to read the document as well as
write regarding the changes which needs to be carried out in that particular project. It also
asks regarding the fact if the change in the form of a project or a project environment change,
this particular factor does not change project along with the project environment, this is
because it requires a huge amount of time, after a specific file has been ready, the workers
require reading it entirely and hence note down the changes. This also provides knowledge
regarding how project management application system has the ability to assist various project
managers in the process of monitoring the employee’s performance as well as manage

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various changes in this particular project. For this purpose, the concept of project
management usually deals with the entire process of systemizing planning and administrating
the overall budget, time as well as scope for carrying out a particular project. For this specific
purpose, projects tend to use numerous applications of the resources of project management
along with skills, tools, technologies and skills for facilitating various activities which are
related to this project.
Evidence
At the time of working with a specific project, there have been some important
elements that must work in a particular seamless manner some of the vita elements are
money, time as well as resources. Scope typically mentions to the entire size of projects, its
requirements and goals. These elements are scope, time, money and resources. It is the
connection among the goals that are supposed to be accomplished and the budget that has
been allocated in order to reach the goals. Initially it is very important to ensure that
appropriate numbers of employees have been selected for a specific project and secondly they
have the required skills as well as knowledge in order to facilitate the assigned tasks. After
that, the procuring the appropriate materials as well as equipment’s have been used in the
right time and place, this is very crucial for the team in order to operate effectively. In case,
of time while a project is being executed, time management prove to be a very important part.
Every activity under a specific project is supposed to be listed, scheduled along with a
particular duration, these tasks needs to be allocated to the appropriate resources.
Management of critical paths is the most challenging aspect of the scope. This specific
section of the portfolio reflects on the usefulness of project management application, this
application helps various project managers in numerous ways; these ways include monitoring
the performance, managing change.

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Learning outcome 8
Summary
It further discusses regarding the ways by which it might hinder the performance of a
specific project. Some ways by which the performance monitoring is carried out includes
identifying the strategic measurements down to the level of departments; this helps the
project manager to create a strategic plan for the purpose of examining if the performance of
the entire project is up to the mark. One more topic that is discussed include how applications
systems help in managing change, it presents the fact that taking various changes in a
particular organization can be a challenge for this particular manager of the project, during
the time of implementing a specific change it would involve numerous steps such as
automation, planning, tracking numerous tools which could be used for executing the changes
in a proper manner.
Evidence
Some ways by which the applications help the project manager in undertaking a
change includes identifying the change that mutts be undertaken for the purpose of improving
the outcomes provided by the project. In some cases the project manager finds a situation
where it difficult to choose the change that needs to be undertaken, the application might help
in choosing the change. The change that has been decided to be undertaken is initiated by
creating a specific group in order to affect the change. Some insights have also been
discussed about, the insight is the fact that the usage of applications of project management
tend to help a particular project for carrying out the intensive care of performance of the
overall project and hence carry out a specific change in a project. The process using which
performance could be monitored are identification of the measurements that are strategic in
nature down in the level of various departments, giving numerous results on the employees’
performance along with the overall project. The applications can also help in undertaking a

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change within the project, suppose the project needs to bring about some changes in its
strategies or the technology used by the project members and many more.
Learning outcome 9
Summary
Project management information system helps in planning, executing and closing
goals of a specific project management. In the process of planning, the project manager uses
project management information system for the purpose of budget framework like estimating
the costs that would be incurred in various activities of the project.
Evidence
This particular part of the portfolio describes regarding various benefits provided by
the systems to a project, program and portfolio. It further discusses regarding how the
application systems required for running a project, program and portfolio and the data that is
required to flow up and down. Application systems help an organization in improving the
efficiency with the help of elimination of human errors. These systems involve in removing
the common errors made by people.
Learning outcome 10
Summary
The applications systems help in increasing the profit, this is done by reducing the
costs incurred in a specific project, and the costs are reduced by utilizing fewer amounts of
resources and by making the complete use of the amount of resources that have been used
and decreasing the amount of waste produced.

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Evidence
The systems that are require for the purpose of running a project, portfolio and
program include information management systems, project execution outputs, work
performance information and many more. These methods are used one after another for the
purpose of communicating between the three. From portfolio to the project and from portfolio
to project, the communication is very important to be carried out. The communication is done
in order to share various data. The data includes the details of the project and its objectives.
This needs to be communicated to the portfolio because it is important to know if there had
been any other project having similar objectives.
Discussion and Conclusion
From the portfolio it can be stated that PPPMs which are manual would help in
making proper decisions. Besides this, the accuracy as well as reliability of the record made
by the PPPMs those is electronic in nature. Apart from these the accuracy as well as
reliability of the record prepared by the manual PPPMs would be one which attracts high
range of doubts when it reaches a high level of project planning’s consideration.
Recommendations
In order manage a certain project in an effective manner, a specific project would
have to undertake numerous steps, these steps are as follows
1. Nailing down the project details, a specific project manager must have idea regarding
the value of putting up a strong and solid root before a particular project is started
with. This basic knowledge deals with providing details regarding the project, the buy
ins that are supposed to be carried out from stakeholders, expectations and demands
of the clients. Besides there are some more aspects that must be considered by the
project manager such as deadline of the

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2. Defining milestone of critical path: while planning for a certain project, milestones
would provide advantage to the projects in numerous ways, some of them include
spotting vital meeting dates, identification of bottlenecks within the project, tracking
of the project success, identification of deliverables and many more.
3. Listen as well as engage: the project manager must undertake initiatives to understand
the team members, this would provide them with the benefit of knowing the
employees and engage them more into their work. The project manager must also
motivate the employees in giving their efforts for bringing about success to the
project.

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