Advance Electrical Machines and Drives

Project Report
Unit Code: - ENEE20002
Title: Advance Electrical Machines and
Drives

Executive Summary
This is a controller model for horizontal axis, grid-connected, medium to large scale wind
turbines. The design is universally nonlinear in order to harbor the full operating range and
the nonlinearities in the plant, actuation system, and control purpose. Both constant speed and
variable speed machines are considered. The closing plan and adaption operation of the
controller of voltage outcomes in enlightenment, suggested for the specific control planning.
It gives duodecimal conclusion concerning the parameterization of each particular control
loop and how it would be possible to enhance the voltage controller circuits on the basis of
various grid stiffness of the WT power plant system. The analysis of the presentation of
voltage controller system can be done by the real time simulation approach. Various study
cases shows the effect of discretizing the controller which is initially developed in continuous
domain system.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
1. OVERVIEW 5
2.Control Methods 7
2.1 Vector Control Method and its MATLAB Simulation 7
2.2 Vector Control Method or Field oriented control for PMSM 7
2.3 Direct Control Method 11
3. Three Phase Induction Motor 12
3.1 Equivalent Circuit of three phase Induction Motor 13
4. Construction of Full converter generator system 16
4.1 Mathematical model of FC generator 16
4.2 Circuit waveform of FC generator Simulation 17
4.3 Rotor Speed Control for Frequency Regulation by wind turbines 18
5. Grid Connection with wind turbine 21
5.1 Grid connected wind turbine with FSC and PMSG. 21
5.2 Grid code for various parameters 23
6. Transfer function for controller side and Grid side 25
6.1 Dynamic Model for PMSG 25
6.2 Dynamic Model for Boost Converter 27
6.3 Complete Transfer function for wind turbine system 27
6.4 Transfer function for Grid side Controller 27
7. Proposed Circuit of Wind Turbine 30
7.1 Working of Each Component 30
7.2 Pitch Angle Control System 33
8. Result and Conclusion 35
9. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) 36
REFERENCES 37

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Wind Energy Graph from 1996-2014 6
Figure 2.1 Diagram of Controller Architecture 7
Figure 2.2 Vector control strategy for current 8
Figure 2.3 Waveform of Controller Architecture 9
Figure 2.4 Diagram of Controller parameters 9
Figure 3.1 Equivalent Circuit of three phase induction Motor 13
Figure 3.2 Rotor Equivalent Circuits 14
Figure 4.1 Wind farm synchronous generator and FSC Simulation Circuit 16
Figure 4.2 Simulation Wave form 18
Figure 4.3 Frequency Wave form 20
Figure 5.1 Grid connected wind turbine with FSC and PMSG 21
Figure 5.2The energy imbalance model 22
Figure 5.3 Generated Powers and Grid Power 23
Figure 5.4 DC link Voltage 24
Figure 5.5 Wind Turbine Speed 24
Figure 6.1 Wind Turbine with its control system 25
Figure 6.2 PMSC inverter model 27
Figure 6.3 Control Block diagram for inner current control loop 28
Figure 6.4 Single Line diagram for Grid side interface 28
Figure 6.5 Inner Current control loop transfer function 29
Figure 7.1 Wind Turbine structure with PACS 30
Figure 7.2 Control System for pitch angle PACS 33
Figure 7.3 Circuit waveform of wind turbine pitch angle control system 33
Figure 8.1 Expected increase in electricity by wind power (ENTSO-E) 36

1. Overview
The Research objective in this proposal is to design the control system for FRC wind turbine
because there are a huge possibility of synchronous machine connection with power
electronics converter in future aspects. In modeling of converter, a general assumption is
made that there is large capacitance on the dc bus by which the inverter source can be shown
as ideal dc voltage source. For the large synchronous machines this assumption got wrong
due to the sheer size of capacitance used in it. So it seems as impractical to use a large
capacitor on the dc bus for the fault prevention at the time of voltage rise. (Ramasubramanian
2017)
The final development shows WPP voltage controller which delivers system transfer
functions treatment qualitative findings and their refreshed to design the control loop. The
root locus system realizes the requirements of grid code for tuning the system which analyze
the grid stiffness to adjust the closed loop poles. (Petersen, Kryezi & Iov 2015)
Some analysis is showing in accordance to European Network of Transmission system
operators for electricity which provided the increasing demand of wind turbine electricity
generation technology,
Higher investment in generation system and grid are necessary for the reason of ageing
structure and continuous demand extension. 360 Giga-Watt of new electricity volume which
is 50% of the EU electricity generating volume over the upcoming 12 years, that needs to be
built for meet the expected increase in electricity demand.
Quick creating multidisciplinary field is a consideration of wind technologies for the few
parts of design technology. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) determines
a improving scope of the air vitality in the limit of approximate 30% from the year 2001-06,
and in the maximizing rate up to 2014, as spoke to in Figure1.1

Figure 1.1 –wind energy growth graph from 1996-2014
Figure 1.1 shows the wind energy sanctification was 369.6 Giga Watt in year 2014, with
enhancing magnification to 415.7 Giga Watt at the time of ending year 2015. In the outside
area of the markets of United states and Europe, wind energy resources were increased more
than the value of 50% after the year of 2009, which is in present moment having the value of
101424MW
In all over the world 83 countries are utilizing wind power on a mercantile basis, as wind
energy is having the features such as it is a renewable source which provided the green
solution for energy usage.

2. Control Methods
2.1 Vector Control Method and its MATLAB Simulation
Vector control method which is also known as field oriented control system ( Kohlrusz &
Fodor 2011).in this method the stator current of induction motor are determines by two
elements that can be shown in the form of vectors. The two elements in vector control
method worked in the form in which one element shows the flux control and the other one
shows the torque control. These two components are determined in a reference frame which
is synchronously rotating.
Figure 2.1 –Diagram of controller architecture
2.2 Vector Control Method or Field oriented control for PMSM
The behavior of this control algorithm using the simulation on MATLAB and Simulink is
showing here, which describe the vector control method for PMSM. This method is used
here for the purpose of Torque control, Voltage control and Current Control.
Behavior Simulation by MATLAB and Simulink:
In this circuit, Vector control method is used in regulation of phase current for controlling the
torque of electric machine which can be simulated as a test bench for recognize the behavior
of system.

MATLAB CODING:
hasSimPowerSystems = license ('test', 'simelectronics');
if hasSimPowerSystems
open_system('hdlcoderFocCurrentTestBench')
set_param('hdlcoderFocCurrentTestBench','IgnoredZcDiagnostic','none');
sim('hdlcoderFocCurrentTestBench')
set_param('hdlcoderFocCurrentTestBench','IgnoredZcDiagnostic','warn');
end
Figure 2.2 –Vector control strategy for current