Simulating and Understanding Localised Corrosion of Additive Manufactured Stainless Steels

PROJECT TITLE
SIMULATING AND UNDERSTANDING LOCALISED CORROSION OF ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURED STAINLESS STEELS UNDER SIMULATED PIPELINE
MECHANICAL CORROSION AND EROSION CONDITIONS.

Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Research objective 4
Literature review 5
Testing of Corrosion 6
Work Methodology 6
Methods for experiment 9
Resolution of corrosion and pore erosion 9
Submerged Impinging Jet Ring Calculation 10
Velocity Calculation 11
Calculation of Sand concentration 11
Surface analysis equipment for research work 12
S.E.M (Scanning Electron Microscope) 12
F.I.B (Focused Ion Beam) 12
T.E.M(Transmission Electron Microscopy) 13
Expected Results 13
Actual Outcomes and their comparison with the expected result 15
Technique Limitations 18
Advantages 18
Conclusion 19
References 20

Introduction
The term, Localized corrosion describes the selective metal removal by corrosion at little areas on the
corrosive environment of metal, mostly in the form of liquid. When the small local sites are attacked
at a higher rate than the original surface, local corrosion occurs at that time.
Most of the time, it occurs when the corrosion works with the other chemical reaction such as the
erosion, fatigue and stress. The localized corrosion can cause more damage than any of the individual
destructive technique. These techniques can be defined as wastage, stress corrosion cracking, heat
exchanger tube denting etc.
Additive manufacturing is being used widely in past timing due to its ease in the production of
complex parts which are used in several applications such as aerospace and petrochemicals.
(Milewski, 2017, p. 159).
Along with the literature of additive manufacturing is also being described in this report for the
description of additive manufactured alloys. The report describes the localized corrosion of stainless
steel manufacturing by additive manufacturing technique under the simulated pipeline mechanical
corrosion and erosion condition.
Corrosion is an attack by environmental component such as land, water etc. which turns toxic. And
the natural potential hazards which are concerned with the transportation facility in the field of gas
and oil production. Almost any of the concern environments can produce the corrosion effect, which
comes under the number of complex condition for oil and gas production, processing purpose and the
pipeline system. (Popoola et al., 2013)
This process contains the three major elements such as the cathode, anode and the electrolyte. In this
construction, anode denotes the site of corroding metal and electrolyte shows as the corrosive
medium which enables the electrons transfer in the direction of the anode to cathode. And electrons
work as the electric conductor which cannot be consumed in the process of corrosion. Oil and natural
gases a carry the inherently corrosive products which are having the high impurity in it. The
examples of this corrosive media with high range are carbon dioxide, free water and hydrogen sulfide
etc. (Popoola et al., 2013)

Research Objective
The objective of the report is to simulate and understand the localized corrosion of stainless steel
by additive manufacturing under the simulated pipeline mechanical corrosion and erosion
condition. There are several objectives which are useful to assist in achieving the main aim of the
research project which includes, the localized corrosion findings, illustration of additive
manufacturing concepts and stainless steel properties.
The main research objective of this project is to compare the expected result for the corrosion
process at various samples with the actual outcome which is being got by the experiment in such
samples.

Literature Review
The stainless steel is having the feature of high-level resistance of corrosion which is due to the
presence of alloyed chromium. This helps in the formation of chromium oxide which is based on
the passive film on the metal surfaces (Davis, 2018, p. 82). The extra elements added in stainless
steel such as copper, selenium carbon can modify the corrosion resistance which increases the
strength, ductility and the machinability.
The exploration of more extensive perspective is being done which gives the review of different
hypotheses regarding the localized corrosion in substance stainless steel. This is the initial
research which must be filled by elaborating the design based writing audit so that the
researchers should have concentrated on surveying the explanation of corrosion of metal. The
result of added substance fabrication on stainless steel corrosion is the same as the accessed in
this research exploration for controlling the examination hole and erosion controlling procedure
execution.
The various systems which are intended to gauge in corrosion level of stainless steel will
diminish the research hole between the looks quantity into led in worry of the selected subject.
It is shown that the restriction of setting erosion was upgraded by the particle implantation as
none of the exam performed on the surface. When the surface was at a relaxed position, the
improvement in localized erosion gets achieved after particle implantation.
In today, several industries have lost good amount of money for the observation purpose in
corrosion outcomes. In some reports, it describes that many oil companies had their pipeline
ruptured, by which the pollution in environment increases. And many of the companies are doing
research on it to overcome this issue. (Popoola et al., 2013)

Testing of Corrosion
Polished stainless steel corrosion can be investigated by the several methods such as potentio-
static holds, cyclic potentio-dynamic and the double loop electrochemical potentio-kinetic
reactivation with the post- and premortem analysis.
Work Methodology
The motive of this project work is to enhance the idea and knowledge on the topic of corrosion
and erosion of stainless steel. There are various methods, which are being implemented to
achieve the aim, have been set for further investigation. There was a determination of the
breakdown potential for at least six alloys, in the phenomena of static corrosion condition. There
are two particular alloys which are being chosen for the content variation of the manganese and
the close pitting resistance which is equal to the stated number.