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Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

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Added on  2020-02-24

Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

   Added on 2020-02-24

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Running head: CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATIONIntestinal cell proliferation and differentiationName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor note
Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation_1
1CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATIONIntestinal cell proliferationSeveral growth factors mediate the process of proliferation that triggers cells to enter cellcycle. Proliferation of the mucosal cells is needed to maintain the integrity of the gastrointestinalsystem. The EFGR gene sends instruction for production of the Epidermal growth factor receptorprotein, which promotes cell proliferation. It is atransmembrane protein and is activated byspecific ligand binding. Upon activation, EGFR undergoes dimerization, which stimulatestyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine residues get autophosphorylated and activate downstreamsignaling of other pathways and promote proliferation. Receptor tyrosine kinase also influencesthe activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 encoded by the IGFR1 and IGFR2 genesrespectively. Binding of ligand activates the receptor tyrosine kinase, autophosphoryaltioninitiates intracellular signalling and activates the Akt and Ras MAPK pathway (Waseem et al.2014). This increases proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. KLF4 or Krupple like factor 4 is azinc-finger transcription factor, involved in regulation ofproliferation. KLF4 is expressed in non-dividing cells of the intestinal epithelium and maintains homeostasis in these cells.In theintestinal epithelium, it regulates Wnt signaling pathway of genes. Fibroblast growth factors(FGRFR2 and FGFR4) controls intestinal cell proliferation by binding to the receptor tyrosinekinase family. LGR5 promotes proliferation by acceleration of cell cycle. The main effect ofhigh fat diet occurs in the colon, which leads to enhanced cell proliferation. Total lipids in fecesare measured by a gravimetric method.Diet rich in saturated fats excerete more lipids.Proliferation of distal colon cell increases as fecal lipids increase (Sakar et al.2014).
Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation_2

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