Prostate Cancer: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Tests, and Treatment

damage DNA cells
Apoptosis , Occurrence of cell
death as a controlled and
normal part of development
and growth (Heidenreich et
al., 2014b)
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Aetiology
Clinical
manifestations
Diagnostic tests
Treatment
male
Age (68 Years)
Nocturia
Brca1 gene
mutation
Hip/pelvic pain since 2
months
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
(Bill-Axelson et al.,
2015)
Hormonal therapy
Impact on hormones
Nodular prostate resulted in
compressing the ureter
(Kwon et al., 2014)
Prostate malignancy
Enhanced stage of
weak stream
Family history of prostate cancer
(Father died from Prostate Cancer)
External Beam Radiation
Occasional blood streaked urine
Digital rectal examination
and
MRI Fusion
Key
Weight loss
inflammation
fatigue
Metastasis
Secondary malignant growth
away from actual cancer site
(Taylor et al., 2010).
Decreased velocity or flow or
urine stream
More frequent feeling of
urination during night
PIN
Ethnicity (African American)
Genetic
Increased urination at
night
Primary tumour of prostate
Collection of prostate
tissue as a sample
Tumour suppressor gene
activity
Cell cycle stopped, cell can
not replicate (Heidenreich et
al., 2014a)
Radical prostatectomy
(Surgery for the removal
of prostate gland)
Increase in testosterone.
Issues in
sexual
performance